CentOS 6安裝Oracle 11gR2數據庫

1. 安裝前準備

[1] 安裝軟件包

yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++.i686 compat-libstdc++.x86_64 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc.i686 glibc.x86_64 glibc-devel.i686 glibc-devel.x86_64 ksh libgcc.i686 libgcc.x86_64 libstdc++.i686 libstdc++.x86_64 libstdc++-devel.i686 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 libaio.i686 libaio.x86_64 libaio-devel.i686 libaio-devel.x86_64 libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libxcb libXi make sysstat unixODBC-devel.i686 unixODBC-devel.x86_64 unixODBC.i686 unixODBC.x86_64 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64

安裝軟件包 pdksh-5.2.14-36.el5.i386.rpm （這個包yum源裏沒有，所以要手動安裝，不裝安裝oracle時會有警告出現，但不影響最後的使用）

請下載這個包上傳到CentOS後使用如下命令安裝。（單擊文件名稱下載）

[root@localhost public_root]# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-36.el5.i386.rpm

[2] 更改kernel參數

[root@localhost var]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# Disable netfilter on bridges.
#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0 

#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0 

#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0 

# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue
kernel.msgmnb = 65536

# Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes
kernel.msgmax = 65536

# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
kernel.shmall = 268435456

# 在文件末尾添加
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 

fs.file-max = 6815744 

kernel.shmall = 10523004 

kernel.shmmax = 6465333657 

kernel.shmmni = 4096 

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 

net.core.rmem_default=262144 

net.core.wmem_default=262144 

net.core.rmem_max=4194304 

net.core.wmem_max=1048576 

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

執行以下命令使更改生效

[root@localhost var]# sysctl -p

[3] 創建安裝oracle所需用戶與用戶組

[root@localhost var]# groupadd -g 200 oinstall
[root@localhost var]# groupadd -g 201 dba
[root@localhost var]# useradd -u 440 -g oinstall -G dba -d /usr/oracle oracle
[root@localhost var]# passwd oracle

[root@localhost var]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
#%PAM-1.0
auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so
auth       include      system-auth
account    required     pam_nologin.so
account    include      system-auth
password   include      system-auth
# pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule
session    required     pam_selinux.so close
session    required     pam_loginuid.so
session    optional     pam_console.so
# pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context
session    required     pam_selinux.so open
session    required     pam_namespace.so
session    required     pam_limits.so
session    optional     pam_keyinit.so force revoke
session    include      system-auth
-session   optional     pam_ck_connector.so

[root@localhost var]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

# 在文件末尾添加
oracle   soft   nproc   2047
oracle   hard   nproc   16384
oracle   soft   nofile   1024
oracle   hard   nofile   65536

[root@localhost var]# vi /etc/profile

# 在文件末尾添加
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
      if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
           ulimit -p 16384
           ulimit -n 65536
      else
           ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
      fi
fi

[4] 切換到oracle用戶，並進行配置

[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ chmod 755 /usr/oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ mkdir /usr/oracle/app
[oracle@localhost ~]$ chmod 755 /usr/oracle/app/
[oracle@localhost ~]$ mkdir /usr/oracle/oradata
[oracle@localhost ~]$ chmod 755 /usr/oracle/oradata/
[oracle@localhost ~]$ vi ./.bash_profile

# 在文件末尾添加
umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/oracle/app

 

2. 安裝oracle database

[1] 下載oracle安裝文件（for linux x86）,並上傳到CentOS上

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

[2] 解壓安裝文件

[root@localhost public_root]# unzip linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[root@localhost public_root]# unzip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

[3] 以oracle用戶登陸，startx命令啓動圖形界面，打開一個終端窗口，進行到剛剛解壓database的文件夾，運行以下命令

[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller

[4] oracle安裝界面啓動如下圖所示，輸入郵件地址及密碼(oracle用戶），以從oralce接收安全更新等信息

[5] 僅安裝數據庫軟體

[6] 本實例中選擇安裝單實例數據庫

[7] 選擇語言

[8] 選擇要安裝的版本，這裏選擇 “Enterprise Edition”

[9] 指定Oracle Base 與 Software Location, 我們在oracle用戶的profile文件裏已設置此環境變量，此處保持默認

[10] 指定Inventory Directory, 本例保持默認

[11] 指定oralce特權用戶組，本例保持默認

[12] 接下來，oralce安裝程序會對安裝環境進行檢查，本例未檢查到任何問題，顯示安裝信息如下。直接Finish, 開始安裝。

[13] 靜待oracle安裝

[14] 當出現以下窗口時，另開一個終端，以root用戶登陸，並執行下面的命令。執行完畢後，點擊OK

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /usr/oracle/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /usr/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /usr/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

[15] 至此oracle 11g R2數據庫安裝完畢。

[16] 環境變量配置

[oracle@localhost ~]$ vi ~/.bash_profile

# 文件末尾增加
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

[16] 其它注意事項

• 關閉SeLinux
• 配置好FTP以上傳安裝程序(也可以使用其它方式)