Linux Regulator Framework(2)_regulator driver

1. 前言

本文從regulator driver的角度,描述怎樣基於regulator framework編寫regulator驅動。同時,以此爲契機,學習、理解regulator有關的物理特性,以便能夠更好的使用它們。

2. regulator driver的實現步驟

2.1 確定系統中regulator有關的硬件組成

提起硬件,最好能有個例子,好在有device tree,一個活生生的硬件拓撲結構。這裏以NVIDIA Tegra Dalmore A04開發板爲例(regulator有關的device tree位於“arch\arm\boot\dts\tegra114-dalmore.dts”):

regulator hardware block這裏的regulator結構是相當複雜的,其中彩色框代表最終的regulator抽象,它的前一級表示regulator的載體(可以是PMIC、CPU、等等)。下面將會詳細說明:

a)CPU通過I2C controller,連接一個降壓控制器(TI tps51632),該控制器輸出名稱爲“vdd-cpu”的電壓,就稱作vdd-cpu regulator吧(因此,在kernel中,regulator是一個虛擬設備)。

b)CPU通過I2C controller,連接一個前端電源管理芯片(TI tps65090),該芯片除了具備充電管理功能外,內置了多個regulator,例如dcdc1、dcdc2等等。

c)CPU通過I2C controller,連接另一個電源管理芯片(TI tps65913),該芯片具有兩個功能:GPIO輸出和PMIC。PMIC內置了多個regulator,如vddio-ddr、vdd-core等等。

d)CPU內部也集成了一些regulator,如vdd_ac_bat等等。

注1:單純從硬件的角度看,是不存在圖中"regulators“、PMIC等實體的,它們的出現,已經包含了軟件設計的思路。之所以畫在這裏,是方便後面的描述。

2.2 使用DTS,將硬件拓撲呈現出來

我們都知道,DTS的功能是描述設備的拓撲結構,並在系統初始化的時候,爲被描述的設備創建並註冊對應的platform device,最終和相應的platform driver相遇,執行其probe接口,實現設備的枚舉功能。但是,在這些基本原則之外,還需要一些更深的思考:

DTS節點(node)怎麼和設備對應?是以設備的“物理界限”爲單位,還是以設備的“功能”爲單位?

是不是所有的“設備”都應該在kernel中創建一個platform device?如果不是,創建的依據是什麼?

這些思考在本文的例子(NVIDIA Tegra Dalmore A04的regulator)中體現尤爲突出,它的本質是軟件設計中的模塊劃分,從而決定了regulator在DTS中的呈現方式和層次。

1)tps51632

tps51632是一個簡單的器件,位於i2c總線下面,包含一個regulator器件,因此其DTS比較簡單,如下:

   1: /* arch\arm\boot\dts\tegra114-dalmore.dts */
   2: i2c@7000d000 {
   3:         status = "okay";
   4:         clock-frequency = <400000>;
   5:  
   6:         tps51632@43 {
   7:                 compatible = "ti,tps51632";
   8:                 reg = <0x43>;
   9:                 regulator-name = "vdd-cpu";
  10:                 regulator-min-microvolt = <500000>;
  11:                 regulator-max-microvolt = <1520000>;
  12:                 regulator-boot-on;
  13:                 regulator-always-on;
  14:         };
  15:         ...
  16: }

i2c控制器的node爲“i2c@7000d000”,tps51632是其下的一個子node,名稱爲“tps51632@43”,compatible爲“ti,tps51632”。tps51632下面以“regulator-”爲前綴的字段,是regulator特有的字段,後面會統一介紹。

注2:爲什麼“i2c@7000d000”中沒有compatible字段?其實是有的,可參考“arch\arm\boot\dts\tegra114.dtsi”,DTC在編譯DTS時,會將這兩個文件中的node合併。

注3:kernel在初始化時,只會爲二級node(即“/”下面的節點,本文的例子是“i2c@7000d000”)創建platform設備,至於三級node(這裏的“tps51632@43”),則由其bus(i2c)創建。後面我們會遇到其它的情況,到時再介紹。

2)tps65090

tps65090相對比較複雜,它位於相同的i2c總線下面,但包含兩個相對複雜的功能實體,charger和PMIC,我們看看其DTS怎麼寫的:

   1: i2c@7000d000 {
   2:         status = "okay";
   3:         ...
   4:  
   5:         tps65090@48 {
   6:                 compatible = "ti,tps65090";
   7:                 reg = <0x48>;
   8:                 ...
   9:  
  10:                 charger: charger {
  11:                         compatible = "ti,tps65090-charger";
  12:                         ti,enable-low-current-chrg;
  13:                 };
  14:                 
  15:                 regulators {
  16:                         tps65090_dcdc1_reg: dcdc1 {
  17:                                 regulator-name = "vdd-sys-5v0";
  18:                                 regulator-always-on;
  19:                                 regulator-boot-on;
  20:                         };
  21:                 
  22:                         tps65090_dcdc2_reg: dcdc2 {
  23:                                 regulator-name = "vdd-sys-3v3";
  24:                                 regulator-always-on;
  25:                                 regulator-boot-on;
  26:                         };
  27:                         ...
  28:                 }
  29:         }
  30: }

和tps51632類似,但它下面又包含了兩個子node:charger和regulators。其中charger竟然還有compatible字段。

回憶一下上面“注3”,kernel只會爲"i2c@7000d000”創建platform device,“tps65090@48”則由i2c core創建,那麼它下面的子node呢?一定是tps65090 driver處理了,感興趣的讀者可以閱讀“drivers/mfd/tps65090.c”、“drivers/power/tps65090-charger.c”和“drivers/regulator/tps65090-regulator.c”,這裏面還涉及了MFD(multi-function device,多功能設備),很有意思。

回到本文的主題上,雖然這裏的regulators沒有compatible字段,也會創建相應的platform device(具體可參考“drivers/mfd/tps65090.c”),這從側面回答了上面的一個思考:從物理範疇,tps65090是一個獨立的設備,但它內部有兩個功能模塊,因此會存在兩個platform device

再來看regulators中子node----regulator,由於數量比較多,就沒必要創建platform device了。同樣,“regulator-”爲前綴的字段,是regulator特有的字段,後面統一介紹。

3)tps65913,和tps65090類似,不再介紹。

4)CPU中的regulator

這一類regulator比較特殊,直接集成在CPU內部,DTS如下:

   1: regulators {
   2:         compatible = "simple-bus";
   3:         #address-cells = <1>;
   4:         #size-cells = <0>;
   5:  
   6:         vdd_ac_bat_reg: regulator@0 {
   7:                 compatible = "regulator-fixed";
   8:                 reg = <0>;
   9:                 regulator-name = "vdd_ac_bat";
  10:                 regulator-min-microvolt = <5000000>;
  11:                 regulator-max-microvolt = <5000000>;
  12:                 regulator-always-on;
  13:         };
  14:  
  15:         dvdd_ts_reg: regulator@1 {
  16:                 compatible = "regulator-fixed";
  17:                 reg = <1>;
  18:                 regulator-name = "dvdd_ts";
  19:                 regulator-min-microvolt = <1800000>;
  20:                 regulator-max-microvolt = <1800000>;
  21:                 enable-active-high;
  22:                 gpio = <&gpio TEGRA_GPIO(H, 5) GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;
  23:         };
  24:         ...
  25: };

在回到剛纔的話題上,kernel只爲二級node創建platform device(這裏的“regulators”),那三級node(一個個的regulator)呢?沒有相對標準的bus幫它們創建怎麼辦?藉助“simple-bus”,具體可以參考of_platform_bus_create(“Device Tree(三):代碼分析”)。

另外,這裏的例子比較簡單,都是fixed regulator,regulator framework core可以幫忙實現fixed類型的regulator的驅動,後面會說明。

2.3 編寫與DTS節點對應的driver

這些driver的存在形式是多種多樣的,但所做的工作基本類似:

1)初始化regulator的宿主(如上面的tps5163、PMIC、等等),最終的目的是,通過宿主提供的接口,修改regulator的輸出。

2)初始化用於描述regulator的靜態信息(struct regulator_desc)和動態信息(struct regulator_config),並以這二者爲參數,調用regulator_register接口,將regulator註冊到kernel中。

3)靜態信息中包含regulator的操作函數集(struct regulator_ops),後續regulator的控制,將會由regulator framework core直接調用這些回調函數完成。

4)後面的事情,例如sysfs attribute創建等,就交給regulator framework core了。

3. DTS相關的實現邏輯

3.1 DTS的內容

回憶一下“Linux Regulator Framework(1)_概述”中介紹的machine的主要功能:使用軟件語言(struct regulator_init_data),靜態的描述regulator在板級的物理現狀。對regulator driver而言,DTS主要用於配置regulator的init data。先看一下struct regulator_init_data:

   1: /**
   2:  * struct regulator_init_data - regulator platform initialisation data.
   3:  *
   4:  * Initialisation constraints, our supply and consumers supplies.
   5:  *
   6:  * @supply_regulator: Parent regulator.  Specified using the regulator name
   7:  *                    as it appears in the name field in sysfs, which can
   8:  *                    be explicitly set using the constraints field 'name'.
   9:  *
  10:  * @constraints: Constraints.  These must be specified for the regulator to
  11:  *               be usable.
  12:  * @num_consumer_supplies: Number of consumer device supplies.
  13:  * @consumer_supplies: Consumer device supply configuration.
  14:  *
  15:  * @regulator_init: Callback invoked when the regulator has been registered.
  16:  * @driver_data: Data passed to regulator_init.
  17:  */
  18: struct regulator_init_data {
  19:         const char *supply_regulator;        /* or NULL for system supply */
  20:  
  21:         struct regulation_constraints constraints;
  22:  
  23:         int num_consumer_supplies;
  24:         struct regulator_consumer_supply *consumer_supplies;
  25:  
  26:         /* optional regulator machine specific init */
  27:         int (*regulator_init)(void *driver_data);
  28:         void *driver_data;      /* core does not touch this */
  29: };

supply_regulator,該regulator的前級regulator,一般在regulator driver中直接指定;

constraints,該regulator的使用限制,由DTS配置,並可以藉助regulator core提供的輔助API(regulator_of_get_init_data)自動解析。後面會詳細介紹;

num_consumer_supplies、consumer_supplies,使用該regulator的consumer的個數,及其設備名和supply名的map。用於建立consumer設備和regulator之間的關聯,後面介紹consumer DTS時再詳細說明;

regulator_init,regulator的init回調,由regulator driver提供,並在regulator註冊時調用;

driver_data,保存driver的私有數據,並在調用regulator_init時傳入。

看來DTS的內容都在struct regulation_constraints中,該結構保存了該regulator所有的物理限制,如下:

   1: struct regulation_constraints {
   2:  
   3:         const char *name;
   4:  
   5:         /* voltage output range (inclusive) - for voltage control */
   6:         int min_uV;
   7:         int max_uV;
   8:  
   9:         int uV_offset;
  10:  
  11:         /* current output range (inclusive) - for current control */
  12:         int min_uA;
  13:         int max_uA;
  14:  
  15:         /* valid regulator operating modes for this machine */
  16:         unsigned int valid_modes_mask;
  17:  
  18:         /* valid operations for regulator on this machine */
  19:         unsigned int valid_ops_mask;
  20:  
  21:         /* regulator input voltage - only if supply is another regulator */
  22:         int input_uV;
  23:  
  24:         /* regulator suspend states for global PMIC STANDBY/HIBERNATE */
  25:         struct regulator_state state_disk;
  26:         struct regulator_state state_mem;
  27:         struct regulator_state state_standby;
  28:         suspend_state_t initial_state; /* suspend state to set at init */
  29:  
  30:         /* mode to set on startup */
  31:         unsigned int initial_mode;
  32:  
  33:         unsigned int ramp_delay;
  34:         unsigned int enable_time;
  35:  
  36:         /* constraint flags */
  37:         unsigned always_on:1;   /* regulator never off when system is on */
  38:         unsigned boot_on:1;     /* bootloader/firmware enabled regulator */
  39:         unsigned apply_uV:1;    /* apply uV constraint if min == max */
  40:         unsigned ramp_disable:1; /* disable ramp delay */
  41: };

name,用於描述該constraints;

min_uV、max_uV,輸出電壓的範圍,[min_uV, max_uV],單位爲uV。只對voltage regulator有效;

uV_offset,consumer看到的電壓和實際電壓之間的偏移值。通常用於補償壓降。只對voltage regulator有效;

min_uA、max_uA,輸出電流的範圍,[min_uA, max_uA],單位爲uA。只對current regulator有效;

valid_modes_mask,regulator mode相關的內容,和DTS無關,後面再解釋;

valid_ops_mask,該regulator支持哪些操作,以bit mask的形式提供,包括: 
        REGULATOR_CHANGE_VOLTAGE,可以改變輸出電壓; 
        REGULATOR_CHANGE_CURRENT,可以改變輸出電流; 
        REGULATOR_CHANGE_MODE,可以修改mode,後面再介紹; 
        REGULATOR_CHANGE_STATUS,可以enable/disable; 
        REGULATOR_CHANGE_DRMS,支持Dynamic Regulator Mode Switching(DRMS),可以動態的調整regulator的mode,有關mode描述可參考5.3章節; 
        REGULATOR_CHANGE_BYPASS,支持bypass模式。

input_uV,如果該regulator的輸入是另一個regulator,該字段指定regulator期望的輸入電壓;

state_xxx、initial_state,regulator電源管理有關的字段,後面會專門介紹;

initial_mode,初始mode,具體請參考5.3節的介紹;

always_on,是否一直保持使能狀態;

boot_on,是否在啓動時使能;

rapm_delay,由於模擬器件的特性,電壓改變,需要一定的生效時間。在一定的範圍內,生效時間和電壓的變化值成比例。該變量就是描述regulator器件的這個特性,單位爲uV/us,即1us可以產生多大的電壓變化。在rapm_disable不爲1的情況下,當consumer要求改變電壓時,regulator framework core會根據該變量,以及電壓改變量,計算出需要等待的時間,進行延時操作;

rapm_disable,是否禁止延時操作;

enable time,regulator的開啓時間,單位爲us。consumer enable regulator時,regulator framework會根據該變量進行延時操作;

apply_uV,如果min_uV和max_uV相同,該變量指示“在regulator註冊到kernel時,是否將電壓設置爲min_uV/max_uV。 

結合struct regulation_constraints結構,我們解釋一下2.2小節中tps51632的DTS:

   1: tps51632@43 {
   2:         compatible = "ti,tps51632";
   3:         reg = <0x43>;
   4:         regulator-name = "vdd-cpu";
   5:         regulator-min-microvolt = <500000>;
   6:         regulator-max-microvolt = <1520000>;
   7:         regulator-boot-on;
   8:         regulator-always-on;
   9: };

regulator-name,對應struct regulation_constraints中name;

regulator-min-microvolt,對應struct regulation_constraints中的min_uV;

regulator-max-microvolt,對應struct regulation_constraints中的max_uV;

regulator-boot-on,對應struct regulation_constraints中的boot_on;

regulator-always-on,對應struct regulation_constraints中的always_on。

其它的字段,可以根據實際情況,自行添加,具體可參考“Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/regulator.txt”中的描述。

3.2 DTS的解析

regulator的DTS信息,可以通過兩種方法解析:

1)在regulator註冊前,調用of_get_regulator_init_data接口自行解析,該接口的實現如下:

   1: struct regulator_init_data *of_get_regulator_init_data(struct device *dev,
   2:                                                 struct device_node *node)
   3: {
   4:         struct regulator_init_data *init_data;
   5:  
   6:         if (!node)
   7:                 return NULL;
   8:  
   9:         init_data = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*init_data), GFP_KERNEL);
  10:         if (!init_data)
  11:                 return NULL; /* Out of memory? */
  12:  
  13:         of_get_regulation_constraints(node, &init_data);
  14:         return init_data;
  15: }
  16: EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(of_get_regulator_init_data);

該接口有兩個輸入參數:設備指針,以及包含了DTS信息的node指針(以3.1中的例子,即“tps51632@43”所在的node)。

它會分配一個struct regulator_init_data變量,並調用of_get_regulation_constraints解析DTS,把結果保存在該變量中。

最後返回struct regulator_init_data變量的地址。

2)在regulator註冊時,由regulator_register調用regulator_of_get_init_data幫忙解析,該接口的實現如下:

   1: struct regulator_init_data *regulator_of_get_init_data(struct device *dev,
   2:                                             const struct regulator_desc *desc,
   3:                                             struct device_node **node)
   4: {
   5:         struct device_node *search, *child;
   6:         struct regulator_init_data *init_data = NULL;
   7:         const char *name;
   8:  
   9:         if (!dev->of_node || !desc->of_match)
  10:                 return NULL;
  11:  
  12:         if (desc->regulators_node)
  13:                 search = of_get_child_by_name(dev->of_node,
  14:                                               desc->regulators_node);
  15:         else
  16:                 search = dev->of_node;
  17:  
  18:         if (!search) {
  19:                 dev_dbg(dev, "Failed to find regulator container node '%s'\n",
  20:                         desc->regulators_node);
  21:                 return NULL;
  22:         }
  23:  
  24:         for_each_child_of_node(search, child) {
  25:                 name = of_get_property(child, "regulator-compatible", NULL);
  26:                 if (!name)
  27:                         name = child->name;
  28:  
  29:                 if (strcmp(desc->of_match, name))
  30:                         continue;
  31:  
  32:                 init_data = of_get_regulator_init_data(dev, child);
  33:                 if (!init_data) {
  34:                         dev_err(dev,
  35:                                 "failed to parse DT for regulator %s\n",
  36:                                 child->name);
  37:                         break;
  38:                 }
  39:  
  40:                 of_node_get(child);
  41:                 *node = child;
  42:                 break;
  43:         }
  44:         of_node_put(search);
  45:  
  46:         return init_data;
  47: }

與of_get_regulator_init_data不同的是,該接口以struct regulator_desc指針爲參數,該參數提供了regulator DTS有關的搜索信息(desc->of_match),根據這些信息,可以獲得包含regulator信息的DTS node。

它本質上是一種通用的DTS匹配邏輯(和kernel解析platform device的標準資源類似),大致如下:

a)調用者提供parent node(struct device指針中,代表regulators的宿主設備,如上面的tps65090@48),以及該regulator在DTS中的名稱(由desc->of_match提供)。

b)還可以在struct regulator_desc中提供包含regulator DTS信息的node名稱(可選,用於regulator不直接在parent node下的情況)。

c)以parent device的node,或者指定的子node爲基準,查找其下所有的node,如果node的名字或者“regulator-compatible”字段和desc->of_match匹配,則調用of_get_regulator_init_data從中解析DTS信息。

總結:1、2兩種DTS解析的方法,各有優缺點:1直接,方便,容易理解,但會有冗餘代碼;2簡潔,但需要regulator driver開發者非常熟悉解析的原理,並以此設計DTS和struct regulator_desc變量。大家可以根據實際情況,靈活使用。

4. 主要數據結構

4.1 struct regulator_desc

在註冊regulator的時候,需要使用struct regulator_desc結構提供該regulator的靜態描述。所謂的靜態,是指這些描述不會在運行時改變,代表了設備的一種屬性,如下:

   1: /* include/linux/regulator/driver.h */
   2:  
   3: struct regulator_desc {
   4:         const char *name;
   5:         const char *supply_name;
   6:         const char *of_match;
   7:         const char *regulators_node;
   8:         int id;
   9:         bool continuous_voltage_range;
  10:         unsigned n_voltages;
  11:         const struct regulator_ops *ops;
  12:         int irq;
  13:         enum regulator_type type;
  14:         struct module *owner;
  15:  
  16:         unsigned int min_uV;
  17:         unsigned int uV_step;
  18:         unsigned int linear_min_sel;
  19:         int fixed_uV;
  20:         unsigned int ramp_delay;
  21:  
  22:         const struct regulator_linear_range *linear_ranges;
  23:         int n_linear_ranges;
  24:  
  25:         const unsigned int *volt_table;
  26:  
  27:         unsigned int vsel_reg;
  28:         unsigned int vsel_mask;
  29:         unsigned int apply_reg;
  30:         unsigned int apply_bit;
  31:         unsigned int enable_reg;
  32:         unsigned int enable_mask;
  33:         unsigned int enable_val;
  34:         unsigned int disable_val;
  35:         bool enable_is_inverted;
  36:         unsigned int bypass_reg;
  37:         unsigned int bypass_mask;
  38:         unsigned int bypass_val_on;
  39:         unsigned int bypass_val_off;
  40:  
  41:         unsigned int enable_time;
  42:  
  43:         unsigned int off_on_delay;
  44: };

name,該regulator的名稱,唯一標識該regulator,必須提供;

supply_name,該regulator的輸入regulator的名稱;

of_match、regulators_node,提供信息,以便在註冊的時候自動從DTS中解析init_data,具體可參考3.2小節的描述;

id,標識該regulator的一個數字;

continuous_voltage_range,爲true時,表示該regulator可以在一定範圍輸出連續的電壓;

n_voltages,consumer可以通過ops.list_voltage()接口,獲取該regulator可以輸出的電壓值。該變量指定可以獲取的電壓值的個數,後面講到ops時,再介紹;

ops,該regulator的操作函數集,見後面;

irq,該regulator的中斷號(有的話);

type,該regulator的類型,包括REGULATOR_VOLTAGE和REGULATOR_CURRENT兩種;

其它字段,和regulator的輸出控制有關,後面會以專題的形式介紹。

struct regulator_ops提供了regulator的所有操作,如下:

   1: struct regulator_ops {
   2:  
   3:         /* enumerate supported voltages */
   4:         int (*list_voltage) (struct regulator_dev *, unsigned selector);
   5:  
   6:         /* get/set regulator voltage */
   7:         int (*set_voltage) (struct regulator_dev *, int min_uV, int max_uV,
   8:                             unsigned *selector);
   9:         int (*map_voltage)(struct regulator_dev *, int min_uV, int max_uV);
  10:         int (*set_voltage_sel) (struct regulator_dev *, unsigned selector);
  11:         int (*get_voltage) (struct regulator_dev *);
  12:         int (*get_voltage_sel) (struct regulator_dev *);
  13:  
  14:         /* get/set regulator current  */
  15:         int (*set_current_limit) (struct regulator_dev *,
  16:                                  int min_uA, int max_uA);
  17:         int (*get_current_limit) (struct regulator_dev *);
  18:  
  19:         /* enable/disable regulator */
  20:         int (*enable) (struct regulator_dev *);
  21:         int (*disable) (struct regulator_dev *);
  22:         int (*is_enabled) (struct regulator_dev *);
  23:  
  24:         /* get/set regulator operating mode (defined in consumer.h) */
  25:         int (*set_mode) (struct regulator_dev *, unsigned int mode);
  26:         unsigned int (*get_mode) (struct regulator_dev *);
  27:  
  28:         /* Time taken to enable or set voltage on the regulator */
  29:         int (*enable_time) (struct regulator_dev *);
  30:         int (*set_ramp_delay) (struct regulator_dev *, int ramp_delay);
  31:         int (*set_voltage_time_sel) (struct regulator_dev *,
  32:                                      unsigned int old_selector,
  33:                                      unsigned int new_selector);
  34:  
  35:         /* report regulator status ... most other accessors report
  36:          * control inputs, this reports results of combining inputs
  37:          * from Linux (and other sources) with the actual load.
  38:          * returns REGULATOR_STATUS_* or negative errno.
  39:          */
  40:         int (*get_status)(struct regulator_dev *);
  41:  
  42:         /* get most efficient regulator operating mode for load */
  43:         unsigned int (*get_optimum_mode) (struct regulator_dev *, int input_uV,
  44:                                           int output_uV, int load_uA);
  45:  
  46:         /* control and report on bypass mode */
  47:         int (*set_bypass)(struct regulator_dev *dev, bool enable);
  48:         int (*get_bypass)(struct regulator_dev *dev, bool *enable);
  49:         
  50:         /* the operations below are for configuration of regulator state when
  51:          * its parent PMIC enters a global STANDBY/HIBERNATE state */
  52:         
  53:         /* set regulator suspend voltage */
  54:         int (*set_suspend_voltage) (struct regulator_dev *, int uV);
  55:         
  56:         /* enable/disable regulator in suspend state */
  57:         int (*set_suspend_enable) (struct regulator_dev *);
  58:         int (*set_suspend_disable) (struct regulator_dev *);
  59:         
  60:         /* set regulator suspend operating mode (defined in consumer.h) */
  61:         int (*set_suspend_mode) (struct regulator_dev *, unsigned int mode);
  62: };

這些回調函數的具體意義,請參考後續的描述。

4.2 struct regulator_config

struct regulator_config保存了regulator的動態信息,所謂的動態信息,是指那些會在driver運行過程中改變、或者driver運行後纔會確定的信息,如下:

   1: struct regulator_config {
   2:         struct device *dev;
   3:         const struct regulator_init_data *init_data;
   4:         void *driver_data;
   5:         struct device_node *of_node;
   6:         struct regmap *regmap;
   7:  
   8:         int ena_gpio;
   9:         unsigned int ena_gpio_invert:1;
  10:         unsigned int ena_gpio_flags;
  11: };

dev,對應的struct device指針。會在regulator_register時,由regulator core分配,保存在此,以便後續使用;

init_data,init data指針,在解析DTS後,保存在此,以便後續使用;

of_node,可以爲空;

regmap,參考後續描述;

ena_gpio、ena_gpio_invert、ena_gpio_flags,控制regulator使能的GPIO及其active極性。

4.3 struct regulator_dev

struct regulator_dev是regulator設備的抽象,當driver以struct regulator_desc、struct regulator_config兩個類型的參數,調用regulator_register將regulator註冊到kernel之後,regulator就會分配一個struct regulator_dev變量,後續所有的regulator操作,都將以該變量爲對象。

   1: struct regulator_dev {
   2:         const struct regulator_desc *desc;
   3:         int exclusive;
   4:         u32 use_count;
   5:         u32 open_count;
   6:         u32 bypass_count;
   7:  
   8:         /* lists we belong to */
   9:         struct list_head list; /* list of all regulators */
  10:  
  11:         /* lists we own */
  12:         struct list_head consumer_list; /* consumers we supply */
  13:  
  14:         struct blocking_notifier_head notifier;
  15:         struct mutex mutex; /* consumer lock */
  16:         struct module *owner;
  17:         struct device dev;
  18:         struct regulation_constraints *constraints;
  19:         struct regulator *supply;       /* for tree */
  20:         struct regmap *regmap;
  21:  
  22:         struct delayed_work disable_work;
  23:         int deferred_disables;
  24:  
  25:         void *reg_data;         /* regulator_dev data */
  26:  
  27:         struct dentry *debugfs;
  28:  
  29:         struct regulator_enable_gpio *ena_pin;
  30:         unsigned int ena_gpio_state:1;
  31:  
  32:         /* time when this regulator was disabled last time */
  33:         unsigned long last_off_jiffy;
  34: };

desc,保存了regulator靜態描述信息的指針(從這個角度看,所謂的靜態描述,其變量必須爲全局變量);

exclusive、use_count、open_count、bypass_count,一些狀態記錄;

constraints,保存了regulator的constraints指針;

supply,該regulator的supply;

等等。

5 實現邏輯分析

本章簡單的分析一下regulator driver相關的實現邏輯。如果要理解有些邏輯,必須具備一些regulator的基礎知識,因此在需要的時候,會穿插介紹這些知識。

5.1 regulator core的初始化

regulator core的初始化操作由regulator_init接口負責,主要工作包括:

1)註冊regulator class(/sys/class/regulator/)。

2)註冊用於調試的debugfs。

和power switch class、input class等類似,regulator framework也是一種class,可以稱作regulator class。

5.2 regulator register

regulator的註冊,由regulator_register/devm_regulator_register接口負責,如下:

   1: /**
   2:  * regulator_register - register regulator
   3:  * @regulator_desc: regulator to register
   4:  * @config: runtime configuration for regulator
   5:  *
   6:  * Called by regulator drivers to register a regulator.
   7:  * Returns a valid pointer to struct regulator_dev on success
   8:  * or an ERR_PTR() on error.
   9:  */
  10: struct regulator_dev *
  11: regulator_register(const struct regulator_desc *regulator_desc,
  12:            const struct regulator_config *config)
  13: {
  14:     const struct regulation_constraints *constraints = NULL;
  15:     const struct regulator_init_data *init_data;
  16:     static atomic_t regulator_no = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
  17:     struct regulator_dev *rdev;
  18:     struct device *dev;
  19:     int ret, i;
  20:     const char *supply = NULL;
  21:  
  22:     if (regulator_desc == NULL || config == NULL)
  23:         return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
  24:  
  25:     dev = config->dev;
  26:     WARN_ON(!dev);
  27:  
  28:     if (regulator_desc->name == NULL || regulator_desc->ops == NULL)
  29:         return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
  30:  
  31:     if (regulator_desc->type != REGULATOR_VOLTAGE &&
  32:         regulator_desc->type != REGULATOR_CURRENT)
  33:         return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
  34:  
  35:     /* Only one of each should be implemented */
  36:     WARN_ON(regulator_desc->ops->get_voltage &&
  37:         regulator_desc->ops->get_voltage_sel);
  38:     WARN_ON(regulator_desc->ops->set_voltage &&
  39:         regulator_desc->ops->set_voltage_sel);
  40:  
  41:     /* If we're using selectors we must implement list_voltage. */
  42:     if (regulator_desc->ops->get_voltage_sel &&
  43:         !regulator_desc->ops->list_voltage) {
  44:         return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
  45:     }
  46:     if (regulator_desc->ops->set_voltage_sel &&
  47:         !regulator_desc->ops->list_voltage) {
  48:         return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
  49:     }
  50:  
  51:     rdev = kzalloc(sizeof(struct regulator_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
  52:     if (rdev == NULL)
  53:         return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
  54:  
  55:     init_data = regulator_of_get_init_data(dev, regulator_desc,
  56:                            &rdev->dev.of_node);
  57:     if (!init_data) {
  58:         init_data = config->init_data;
  59:         rdev->dev.of_node = of_node_get(config->of_node);
  60:     }
  61:  
  62:     mutex_lock(®ulator_list_mutex);
  63:  
  64:     mutex_init(&rdev->mutex);
  65:     rdev->reg_data = config->driver_data;
  66:     rdev->owner = regulator_desc->owner;
  67:     rdev->desc = regulator_desc;
  68:     if (config->regmap)
  69:         rdev->regmap = config->regmap;
  70:     else if (dev_get_regmap(dev, NULL))
  71:         rdev->regmap = dev_get_regmap(dev, NULL);
  72:     else if (dev->parent)
  73:         rdev->regmap = dev_get_regmap(dev->parent, NULL);
  74:     INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rdev->consumer_list);
  75:     INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rdev->list);
  76:     BLOCKING_INIT_NOTIFIER_HEAD(&rdev->notifier);
  77:     INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&rdev->disable_work, regulator_disable_work);
  78:  
  79:     /* preform any regulator specific init */
  80:     if (init_data && init_data->regulator_init) {
  81:         ret = init_data->regulator_init(rdev->reg_data);
  82:         if (ret < 0)
  83:             goto clean;
  84:     }
  85:  
  86:     /* register with sysfs */
  87:     rdev->dev.class = ®ulator_class;
  88:     rdev->dev.parent = dev;
  89:     dev_set_name(&rdev->dev, "regulator.%d",
  90:              atomic_inc_return(®ulator_no) - 1);
  91:     ret = device_register(&rdev->dev);
  92:     if (ret != 0) {
  93:         put_device(&rdev->dev);
  94:         goto clean;
  95:     }
  96:  
  97:     dev_set_drvdata(&rdev->dev, rdev);
  98:  
  99:     if (config->ena_gpio && gpio_is_valid(config->ena_gpio)) {
 100:         ret = regulator_ena_gpio_request(rdev, config);
 101:         if (ret != 0) {
 102:             rdev_err(rdev, "Failed to request enable GPIO%d: %d\n",
 103:                  config->ena_gpio, ret);
 104:             goto wash;
 105:         }
 106:  
 107:         if (config->ena_gpio_flags & GPIOF_OUT_INIT_HIGH)
 108:             rdev->ena_gpio_state = 1;
 109:  
 110:         if (config->ena_gpio_invert)
 111:             rdev->ena_gpio_state = !rdev->ena_gpio_state;
 112:     }
 113:  
 114:     /* set regulator constraints */
 115:     if (init_data)
 116:         constraints = &init_data->constraints;
 117:  
 118:     ret = set_machine_constraints(rdev, constraints);
 119:     if (ret < 0)
 120:         goto scrub;
 121:  
 122:     /* add attributes supported by this regulator */
 123:     ret = add_regulator_attributes(rdev);
 124:     if (ret < 0)
 125:         goto scrub;
 126:  
 127:     if (init_data && init_data->supply_regulator)
 128:         supply = init_data->supply_regulator;
 129:     else if (regulator_desc->supply_name)
 130:         supply = regulator_desc->supply_name;
 131:  
 132:     if (supply) {
 133:         struct regulator_dev *r;
 134:  
 135:         r = regulator_dev_lookup(dev, supply, &ret);
 136:  
 137:         if (ret == -ENODEV) {
 138:             /*
 139:              * No supply was specified for this regulator and
 140:              * there will never be one.
 141:              */
 142:             ret = 0;
 143:             goto add_dev;
 144:         } else if (!r) {
 145:             dev_err(dev, "Failed to find supply %s\n", supply);
 146:             ret = -EPROBE_DEFER;
 147:             goto scrub;
 148:         }
 149:  
 150:         ret = set_supply(rdev, r);
 151:         if (ret < 0)
 152:             goto scrub;
 153:  
 154:         /* Enable supply if rail is enabled */
 155:         if (_regulator_is_enabled(rdev)) {
 156:             ret = regulator_enable(rdev->supply);
 157:             if (ret < 0)
 158:                 goto scrub;
 159:         }
 160:     }
 161:  
 162: add_dev:
 163:     /* add consumers devices */
 164:     if (init_data) {
 165:         for (i = 0; i < init_data->num_consumer_supplies; i++) {
 166:             ret = set_consumer_device_supply(rdev,
 167:                 init_data->consumer_supplies[i].dev_name,
 168:                 init_data->consumer_supplies[i].supply);
 169:             if (ret < 0) {
 170:                 dev_err(dev, "Failed to set supply %s\n",
 171:                     init_data->consumer_supplies[i].supply);
 172:                 goto unset_supplies;
 173:             }
 174:         }
 175:     }
 176:  
 177:     list_add(&rdev->list, ®ulator_list);
 178:  
 179:     rdev_init_debugfs(rdev);
 180: out:
 181:     mutex_unlock(®ulator_list_mutex);
 182:     return rdev;
 183:  
 184: unset_supplies:
 185:     unset_regulator_supplies(rdev);
 186:  
 187: scrub:
 188:     if (rdev->supply)
 189:         _regulator_put(rdev->supply);
 190:     regulator_ena_gpio_free(rdev);
 191:     kfree(rdev->constraints);
 192: wash:
 193:     device_unregister(&rdev->dev);
 194:     /* device core frees rdev */
 195:     rdev = ERR_PTR(ret);
 196:     goto out;
 197:  
 198: clean:
 199:     kfree(rdev);
 200:     rdev = ERR_PTR(ret);
 201:     goto out;
 202: }
 203: EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(regulator_register);

主要工作包括:

22~49,檢查參數的合法性。其中35~49行,涉及到電壓控制的方式,後面後詳細說明;

55~60,協助從DTS解析init data,如果解析不到,則使用config中的;

68~73,協助獲取regulator的register map(有的話),並保存在register device指針中。regulator driver會在需要的時候使用(通常是在ops回調函數中);

74~77,初始化一些全局變量,consumer_list用於保存所有的consumer,list用於將自己添加到一個全局的regulator鏈表(regulator_list)上,disable_work是用於disable regulator的work queue;

86~95,將regulator device註冊到kernel;

99~112,申請regulator enable gpio(有的話),並將相應的信息保存在regulator device指針中;

114~120,將從DTS中解析的constraints,應用起來(這個過程比較複雜,就不介紹了,感興趣的讀者可以自行分析);

123,根據regulator的操作函數集,註冊相應的attribute(和PSY class類似);

127~160,如果該regulator有supply,根據supply的名字,獲取相應的regulator device指針,同時根據supply指針,分配一個struct regulator結構,保存在該regulator的supply指針中。最後,如果該regulator處於使能狀態,則需要使能其supply(這些動作,需要以consumer的視角操作,因而需要一個struct regulator變量);

162~175,add consumer devices,等到介紹consumer時,再詳細描述。

注4:register map是kernel提供的一種管理寄存器的機制,特別是較爲複雜的寄存器,如codec等。本文不會過多描述,如需要,會專門寫一篇文章介紹該機制。

5.3 regulator的操作模式(operation mode)

regulator的主要功能,是輸出電壓/電流的調整(或改變)。由於模擬器件的特性,電壓/電流的改變,是需要一定的時間的。對有些regulator而言,可以工作在不同的模式,這些模式有不同的改變速度,可想而知,較快的速度,有較大的功耗。下面是operation mode定義(位於include/linux/regulator/consumer.h中):

   1: /*
   2:  * Regulator operating modes.
   3:  *
   4:  * Regulators can run in a variety of different operating modes depending on
   5:  * output load. This allows further system power savings by selecting the
   6:  * best (and most efficient) regulator mode for a desired load.
   7:  *
   8:  * Most drivers will only care about NORMAL. The modes below are generic and
   9:  * will probably not match the naming convention of your regulator data sheet
  10:  * but should match the use cases in the datasheet.
  11:  *
  12:  * In order of power efficiency (least efficient at top).
  13:  *
  14:  *  Mode       Description
  15:  *  FAST       Regulator can handle fast changes in it's load.
  16:  *             e.g. useful in CPU voltage & frequency scaling where
  17:  *             load can quickly increase with CPU frequency increases.
  18:  *
  19:  *  NORMAL     Normal regulator power supply mode. Most drivers will
  20:  *             use this mode.
  21:  *
  22:  *  IDLE       Regulator runs in a more efficient mode for light
  23:  *             loads. Can be used for devices that have a low power
  24:  *             requirement during periods of inactivity. This mode
  25:  *             may be more noisy than NORMAL and may not be able
  26:  *             to handle fast load switching.
  27:  *
  28:  *  STANDBY    Regulator runs in the most efficient mode for very
  29:  *             light loads. Can be used by devices when they are
  30:  *             in a sleep/standby state. This mode is likely to be
  31:  *             the most noisy and may not be able to handle fast load
  32:  *             switching.
  33:  *
  34:  * NOTE: Most regulators will only support a subset of these modes. Some
  35:  * will only just support NORMAL.
  36:  *
  37:  * These modes can be OR'ed together to make up a mask of valid register modes.
  38:  */
  39:  
  40: #define REGULATOR_MODE_FAST                     0x1
  41: #define REGULATOR_MODE_NORMAL                   0x2
  42: #define REGULATOR_MODE_IDLE                     0x4
  43: #define REGULATOR_MODE_STANDBY                  0x8

相應的,regulator framework提供了一些機制,用於operation mode的操作,包括:

1)struct regulation_constraints中用於表示初始模式的字段initial_mode。

2)regulator ops中的set_mode/get_mode回調函數。

5.4 電壓操作的兩種方式

kernel抽象了兩種電壓操作的方法:

1)直接操作電壓,對應struct regulator_ops中的如下回調函數:

   1: /* get/set regulator voltage */
   2: int (*list_voltage) (struct regulator_dev *, unsigned selector);
   3: int (*set_voltage) (struct regulator_dev *, int min_uV, int max_uV,
   4:                     unsigned *selector);
   5: int (*get_voltage) (struct regulator_dev *);

其中set_voltage用於將電壓設置爲min_uV和max_uV範圍內、和min_uV最接近的電壓。該接口可以返回一個selector參數,用於告知調用者,實際的電壓值;

get_voltage,用於返回當前的電壓值;

list_voltage,以selector爲參數,獲取對應的電壓值。

注5:有關selector的描述,可參考下面的介紹。

2)selector的形式

regulator driver以selector的形式,反映電壓值。selector是一個從0開始的整數,driver提供如下的接口:

   1: /* enumerate supported voltages */
   2: int (*list_voltage) (struct regulator_dev *, unsigned selector);
   3:  
   4: int (*map_voltage)(struct regulator_dev *, int min_uV, int max_uV);
   5: int (*set_voltage_sel) (struct regulator_dev *, unsigned selector);
   6: int (*get_voltage_sel) (struct regulator_dev *);

list_voltage,上面已經介紹;

map_voltage,是和list_voltage相對的接口,用於將電壓範圍map成一個selector值;

set_voltage_sel/get_voltage_sel,以selector的形式,操作電壓。

regulator driver可以根據實際情況,選擇一種實現方式。

5.5 regulator framework提供的sysfs接口

根據regulator提供的ops情況,regulator framework可以通過sysfs提供多種attribute,它們位於/sys/class/regulator/.../目錄下,數量相當多,這裏就不一一描述了,具體可參考:

https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-regulator

6. 後記

這篇文章寫的相當糾結,相當混亂,我相信讀者很難看懂……

本以爲會很容易寫,但裏面的知識點太零碎了,以至於無法很好的歸納、抽象、突出重點。崩潰!

時間原因,就先這樣了,有機會再回頭來整理,希望讀者諒解。

發佈了35 篇原創文章 · 獲贊 46 · 訪問量 16萬+
發表評論
所有評論
還沒有人評論,想成為第一個評論的人麼? 請在上方評論欄輸入並且點擊發布.
相關文章