Windows數據類型(一)
由微軟Windows操作系統所支持的各種數據類型是用來定義函數的返回值、函數和消息的參數以及結構體成員(因爲Win32程序是用C語言來編寫,所以沒有“類”這個概念)的。這些數據類型定義了上述元素的尺碼(在內存中的,也就是佔用內存的字節數)和含義。筆者以前一直不太注意這些東西,結果在程序設計時可謂步履維艱。不同類型的常/變量,在程序用扮演的角色相去甚遠,瞭解這些類型,對剖析程序的工作原理是非常有用的。今天又是週末,我把這些類型列出來,然後把它們的“原形”也找出來——是不是很像“照妖鏡”呀。
下面這張表裏包括這些類型:字符類型(character),整數類型(integer),邏輯值類型(布爾型,海峽那邊的兄弟們喜歡叫“布林型”,Boolean),指針類型(pointer),句柄型(handle)。其中,字符類型、整數類型和邏輯值(布爾)類型是C語言編譯器通用的,也就是與標準C語言一樣。大多數指針類型都是以P(Pointer)或者LP(Long Pointer)前綴開頭。“句柄”是指被裝載進內存的一個資源(本質而言就是指一定範圍內的唯一編號)。
下面這張表是我結合MSDN裏的資料製作的,因爲自己也是初學,做的還比較粗糙,請大家多多指正:)
Windows數據類型 | 本質類型 | 字節數 | 定義過程(來歷) | 含義 |
ATOM | unsigned short | 2 | unsigned short→WORD→ATOM | 在Atom表中,一鍵(16位整數)一值(一個String)爲一個Atom。 |
BOOL | int | * | int→BOOL | 邏輯變量,布爾值 (取值爲 TRUE 或 FALSE) |
BOOLEAN | unsigned char | 1 | unsigned char→BYTE→BOOLEAN | 邏輯變量,布爾值 (取值爲 TRUE 或 FALSE) |
BYTE | unsigned char | 1 | unsigned char→BYTE | 字節型,8位。 |
CALLBACK | __stdcall | 調用 | __stdcall→CALLBACK | 回調函數的調用約定 |
CHAR | char | 1 | char→CHAR | 8位Windows字符(ANSI) |
COLORREF | unsigned long | 4 | unsigned long→DWORD→COLORREF | 紅,綠,藍(RGB)值 |
CONST | const | 關鍵字 | const→CONST | 常量 |
CRITICAL_SECTION | RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION結構體 | ? | RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION(結構)→CRITICAL_SECTION | Critical-section對象 |
DWORD | unsigned long | 4 | unsigned long→DWORD | 32位無符號整數 |
DWORD_PTR | unsigned long | 4 | unsigned long→ULONG_PTR→DWORD_PTR(另有其它路徑) | 略……(用處挺大,不過太長了) |
DWORD32 | unsigned int | * | unsigned int→DWORD32 | 32位無符號整數 |
DWORD64 | unsigned __int64 | 8 | unsigned __int64→DWORD64 | 64位無符號整數 |
FLOAT | float | 4 | float→FLOAT | 浮點數變量 |
HACCEL | HACCEL__結構體指針 | 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定義的指向HACCEL__結構體的指針 | 快捷鍵列表的句柄 | |
HANDLE | void *(一個地址) | void *→HANDLE | 對象的句柄 | |
HBITMAP | HBITMAP__結構體指針 | 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定義的指向HBITMAP__結構體的指針 | 位圖的句柄 | |
HBRUSH | HBRUSH__結構體指針 | 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定義…… | 畫刷的句柄 | |
HCONV | HCONV__結構體指針 | 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定義…… | 動態數據交換(DDE)會話的句柄 | |
HCONVLIST | HCONVLIST__結構體指針 | 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定義…… | 動態數據交換(DDE)會話列表的句柄 | |
HCURSOR | HICON__結構體指針 | HICON__ *→HICON→HCURSOR | 光標的句柄 | |
HDC | HDC__結構體指針 | 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定義…… | 設備上下文(DC)的句柄 | |
HDDEDATA | HDDEDATA__結構體指針 | 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定義…… | 動態數據交換數據的句柄 | |
HDESK | HDESK__結構體指針 | 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定義…… | 桌面(Desktop)的句柄 | |
HDROP | HDROP__結構體指針 | 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定義…… | Handle to an internal drop structure. | |
HDWP | void *(一個地址) | void *→HANDLE→HDWP | Handle to a deferred window position structure. | |
HENHMETAFILE | HENHMETAFILE__結構體指針 | 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定義…… | 增強圖元文件的句柄 | |
HFILE | int | * | int→HFILE | 由OpenFile(而不是CreateFile)打開的文件的句柄. |
HFONT | HFONT__結構體指針 | 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定義…… | 字體的句柄 | |
HGDIOBJ | void near * | void NEAR *→HGDIOBJ | GDI對象的句柄 | |
HGLOBAL | void *(一個地址) | void *→HANDLE→HGLOBAL | 全局內存塊的句柄 | |
HHOOK | HHOOK__結構體指針 | 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定義…… | 句子(hook)的句柄 | |
HICON | HICON__結構體指針 | 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定義…… | 圖標的句柄 | |
HIMAGELIST | _IMAGELIST結構體指針 | _IMAGELIST *→HIMAGELIST | 圖片列表的句柄 | |
HIMC | HIMC__結構體指針 | 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定義…… | 輸入上下文的句柄 | |
HINSTANCE | HINSTANCE__結構體指針 | 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定義…… | 實例的句柄 | |
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續表
INT | int | * | int→INT | 32位有符號整數 |
INT_PTR | int(_W64 int即__w64 int) | * | _W64 int→INT_PTR,_W64就是__w64,是爲了解決32位與64位編譯器的兼容性而設置的關鍵字 | 用於指針運算 |
INT32 | signed int | * | signed int→INT32 | 32位有符號整數 |
INT64 | signed __int64 | 8 | signed __int64→INT64 | 64位有符號整數 |
LANGID | unsigned short | 2 | unsigned short→WORD→LANGID | 語言標識符 |
LCID | unsigned long | 4 | unsigned long→DWORD→LCID | Locale identifier. |
LCTYPE | unsigned long | 4 | unsigned long→DWORD→LCTYPE | Locale information type. |
LONG | long | 4 | long→LONG | 32位有符號整數 |
LONG_PTR | long | 4 | _W64 long→LONG_PTR | 用於指針運算 |
LONG32 | signed int | * | signed int→LONG32 | 32位有符號整數 |
LONG64 | __int64 | 8 | __int64→LONG64 | 64位有符號整數 |
LONGLONG | __int64 | 8 | __int64→LONGLONG | 64位有符號整數 |
LPARAM | long | 4 | _W64 long→LONG_PTR→LPARAM | 消息的參數 |
LPBOOL | int * | int→BOOL, BOOL far *→LPBOOL | BOOL類型的指針 | |
LPBYTE | unsigned char * | unsigned char→BYTE,BYTE far *→LPBYTE | BYTE類型的指針 | |
LPCOLORREF | unsigned long * | unsigned long→WORD,DWORD *→LPCOLORREF | 顏色值的指針 | |
LPCRITICAL_SECTION | RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION結構體指針 | RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION *PRTL_CRITICAL_SECTION→,PRTL_CRITICAL_SECTION→LPCRITICAL_SECTION | CRITICAL_SECTION的指針 | |
LPCSTR | 靜態char * | char→CHAR,CONST CHAR *→LPCSTR | 靜態8位Windows字符(ANSI)無終結字符串指針 | |
LPCTSTR | 靜態wchar_t * | wchar_t→WCHAR,CONST WCHAR *→LPCWSTR,LPCWSTR→LPCTSTR | 如果UNICODE已定義則爲LPCWSTR,否則爲LPCTSTR | |
LPCVOID | 靜態void * | CONST void far *→LPCVOID | 任何類型的靜態指針 | |
LPCWSTR | 靜態wchar_t * | wchar_t→WCHAR,CONST WCHAR *→LPCWSTR | 靜態16位Windows字符(Unicode)無終結字符串指針 | |
LPDWORD | unsigned long * | unsigned long→DWORD,DWORD far *→LPDWORD | DWORD的指針 | |
LPHANDLE | 指向句柄的指針 | void *→HANDLE,HANDLE FAR *→LPHANDLE | HANDLE的指針 | |
LPINT | int * | int far *→LPINT | INT的指針 | |
LPLONG | long * | long far *→LPLONG | LONG的指針 | |
LPSTR | char * | char→CHAR,CHAR *→LPSTR | 8位Windows字符(ANSI)無終結字符串指針 | |
LPTSTR | wchar_t * | wchar_t WCHAR,WCHAR *→LPWSTR,LPWSTR→LPTSTR | An LPWSTR if UNICODE is defined, an LPSTR otherwise. | |
LPVOID | void * | void far *→LPVOID | 任何類型的指針 | |
LPWORD | unsigned short * | unsigned short→WORD,WORD far *→LPWORD | WORD的指針 | |
LPWSTR | wchar_t * | wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR *→LPWSTR | 16位Windows字符(ANSI)無終結字符串指針 | |
LRESULT | long | 4 | _W64 long→LONG_PTR→LRESULT | 有符號的消息處理結果 |
LUID | LUID結構 | 局部唯一標識符 | ||
PBOOL | int * | int→BOOL,BOOL near *→PBOOL | BOOL的指針 | |
PBOOLEAN | unsigned char * | unsigned char→BYTE→BOOLEAN,BOOLEAN *→PBOOLEAN | BOOL的指針 | |
PBYTE | unsigned char * | unsigned char→BYTE,BYTE near *→PBYTE | BYTE的指針 | |
PCHAR | char * | char→CHAR,CHAR *→PCHAR | CHAR的指針 | |
PCRITICAL_SECTION | RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION結構體指針 |
續表
POINTER_32 | void * | void *→POINTER_32 | 32位指針(詳解略) | |
POINTER_64 | void * | void *→POINTER_64 | 64位指針(詳解略) | |
PSHORT | short * | short→SHORT,SHORT *→PSHORT | SHORT的指針 | |
PSTR | char * | char→CHAR,CHAR *→PSTR | 8位Windows字符(ANSI)無終結字符串指針 | |
PTBYTE | wchar_t * | wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR *→PTBYTE | TBYTE的指針 | |
PTCHAR | wchar_t * | wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR *→PTCHAR | TCHAR的指針 | |
PTSTR | wchar_t * | wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR *→LPWSTR→PTSTR | PWSTR if UNICODE is defined, a PSTR otherwise. | |
PTBYTE | wchar_t * | wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR *→PTBYTE | TBYTE的指針 | |
PTCHAR | wchar_t * | wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR *→PTCHAR | TCHAR的指針 | |
PTSTR | wchar_t * | wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR *→LPWSTR→PTSTR | A PWSTR if UNICODE is defined, a PSTR otherwise. | |
PUCHAR | unsigned char * | unsigned char→UCHAR,UCHAR *→PUCHAR | UCHAR的指針 | |
PUINT | unsigned int * | unsigned int *→PUINT(呵呵,爲什麼不用UINT*來定義呢?) | UINT的指針 | |
PULONG | unsigned long * | unsigned long→ULONG,ULONG *→PULONG | ULONG的指針 | |
PUSHORT | unsigned short * | unsigned short→USHORT,USHORT *→PUSHORT | USHORT的指針 | |
PVOID | void * | void *→PVOID | 任何類型的指針 | |
PWCHAR | wchar_t * | wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR *→PWCHAR | WCHAR的指針 | |
PWORD | unsigned short * | unsigned short→WORD,WORD near *→PWORD | WORD的指針 | |
PWSTR | wchar_t * | wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR *→PWSTR | 16位Windows字符(Unicode)無終結字符串指針 | |
REGSAM | unsigned long | unsigned long→DWORD→ACCESS_MASK→REGSAM | 註冊表值的安全訪問掩碼 | |
SC_HANDLE | SC_HANDLE__結構體指針 | 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定義…… | Handle to a service control manager database. | |
SC_LOCK | void * | void far *→LPVOID→SC_LOCK | Handle to a service control manager database lock. | |
SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE | SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE__結構體指針 | 由DECLARE_HANDLE(name)宏定義…… | Handle to a service status value. | |
SHORT | short | 2 | short→SHORT | 短整數類型(16位) |
SIZE_T | unsigned long | 4 | unsigned long→ULONG_PTR→SIZE_T | 指針可指向的最大字節數 |
SSIZE_T | long | _W64 long→LONG_PTR→SSIZE_T | 有符號SIZE_T. | |
TBYTE | wchar_t | 2 | wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR→TBYTE | 如果UNICODE已定義則爲WCHAR,否則爲CHAR |
TCHAR | wchar_t | 2 | wchar_t→WCHAR,WCHAR→TCHAR | 如果UNICODE已定義則爲WCHAR,否則爲CHAR |
UCHAR | unsigned char | 1 | unsigned char→UCHAR | 無符號CHAR |
UINT | unsigned int | * | unsigned int→UINT | 無符號INT |
UINT_PTR | unsigned int | * | unsigned int→UINT_PTR | 無符號INT_PTR. |
UINT32 | unsigned int | 2 | unsigned int→UINT32 | 無符號INT32. |
UINT64 | unsigned __int64 | 4 | unsigned __int64→UINT64 | 無符號INT64. |
ULONG | unsigned long | 4 | unsigned long→ULONG | 無符號LONG. |
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最後這張表是Visual C++ 7.1編譯器支持的數據類型,也就是Windows各種數據類型的“根源”了。
數據類型名稱 | 字節數 | 別名 | 取值範圍 |
int | * | signed,signed int | 由操作系統決定,即與操作系統的"字長"有關 |
unsigned int | * | unsigned | 由操作系統決定,即與操作系統的"字長"有關 |
__int8 | 1 | char,signed char | –128 到 127 |
__int16 | 2 | short,short int,signed short int | –32,768 到 32,767 |
__int32 | 4 | signed,signed int | –2,147,483,648 到 2,147,483,647 |
__int64 | 8 | 無 | –9,223,372,036,854,775,808 到 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 |
bool | 1 | 無 | false 或 true |
char | 1 | signed char | –128 到 127 |
unsigned char | 1 | 無 | 0 到 255 |
short | 2 | short int,signed short int | –32,768 到 32,767 |
unsigned short | 2 | unsigned short int | 0 到 65,535 |
long | 4 | long int,signed long int | –2,147,483,648 到 2,147,483,647 |
long long | 8 | none (but equivalent to __int64) | –9,223,372,036,854,775,808 到 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 |
unsigned long | 4 | unsigned long int |