《Django By Example》讀書筆記 01

一、Django環境搭建
系統環境 windows 10 64位
安裝python3.4
https://www.python.org/
安裝Django
https://docs.djangoproject.com/

在cmd窗口輸入
pip install Django==1.9.5

二、創建第一個工程
在工作目錄下創建Django文件夾，cmd進入Django路徑下，輸入：
django-admin startproject mammothsite
創建mammothsite project

cd mammothsite
python manage.py migrate

然後會看到

Rendering model states... DONE
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

運行服務：
python manage.py runserver
會看到以下提示

Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
November 5, 2015 - 19:10:54
Django version 1.8.6, using settings 'mysite.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

在瀏覽器輸入http://127.0.0.1:8000/
可以看到：

下面進入mammothsite子文件夾看看
settings.py

"""
Django settings for mammothsite project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.9.5.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '9*w=fvrr3b7ntp44$=g2cj2itpn*nc0@mqf)g4xqxnw)&qqqn!'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'mammothsite.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mammothsite.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

這裏的DEBUG 是調試模式的開關，當設置爲True時，當project發生異常會顯示詳細的異常信息。但是在上線的時候應該將其關掉，防止配置信息或者敏感出錯信息泄露。

ALLOWED_HOSTS是爲了限定請求中的host值,以防止黑客構造包來發送請求，只有在列表中的host才能訪問.強烈建議不要使用*通配符去配置，另外當DEBUG設置爲False的時候必須配置這個配置.否則會拋出異常。

INSTALLED_APPS是一個一元數組，裏面是應用中要加載的自帶或者自己定製的app包路徑列表。
默認的包括

• django.contrib.admin: This is an administration site.
• django.contrib.auth: This is an authentication framework.
• django.contrib.contenttypes: This is a framework for content types.
• django.contrib.sessions: This is a session framework.
• django.contrib.messages: This is a messaging framework.
  django.contrib.staticfiles: This is a framework for managing static files.

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES：web應用中需要加載的一些中間件列表。是一個一元數組.裏面是django自帶的或者定製的中間件包路徑，如下：

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

數據庫的設置以後再詳細說
其它設置項使用時再查閱相關資料