測試環境不管是數據真實性、環境配置和正式環境都有所差異，這時必須用線上的數據進行測試。將物理DG臨時轉換成snapshot DG進行測試，測試完成之後再轉換成物理DG,這個方法是比較實用的。
下面實際操作一下：
[oracle@qht131 admin]$ dgmgrl /
DGMGRL> show configuration;
Configuration - dg_test11
Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
Databases:
db131 - Primary database
db132 - Physical standby database
Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED
Configuration Status:
SUCCESS
將備庫轉換成snapshot standy:
DGMGRL> convert database db132 to snapshot standby;
Converting database "db132" to a Snapshot Standby database, please wait...
Database "db132" converted successfully
DB132的alert日誌如下：
Fri Dec 13 15:01:56 2019
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL
Fri Dec 13 15:01:56 2019
MRP0: Background Media Recovery cancelled with status 16037
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/db132/orcl/trace/orcl_mrp0_18882.trc:
ORA-16037: user requested cancel of managed recovery operation
Managed Standby Recovery not using Real Time Apply
Recovery interrupted!
Recovered data files to a consistent state at change 1473614
MRP0: Background Media Recovery process shutdown (orcl)
Managed Standby Recovery Canceled (orcl)
Completed: ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL
Waiting for dispatcher 'D000' to shutdown
All dispatchers and shared servers shutdown
CLOSE: killing server sessions.
Active process 22356 user 'oracle' program 'oracle@qht132 (TNS V1-V3)'
Active process 22356 user 'oracle' program 'oracle@qht132 (TNS V1-V3)'
Active process 22356 user 'oracle' program 'oracle@qht132 (TNS V1-V3)'
Active process 22356 user 'oracle' program 'oracle@qht132 (TNS V1-V3)'
Active process 22356 user 'oracle' program 'oracle@qht132 (TNS V1-V3)'
Active process 22356 user 'oracle' program 'oracle@qht132 (TNS V1-V3)'
Active process 22356 user 'oracle' program 'oracle@qht132 (TNS V1-V3)'
Active process 22356 user 'oracle' program 'oracle@qht132 (TNS V1-V3)'
Active process 22356 user 'oracle' program 'oracle@qht132 (TNS V1-V3)'
CLOSE: all sessions shutdown successfully.
Fri Dec 13 15:04:10 2019
SMON: disabling cache recovery
Fri Dec 13 15:04:36 2019
alter database convert to snapshot standby
Starting background process RVWR
Fri Dec 13 15:04:37 2019
RVWR started with pid=18, OS id=22542
Fri Dec 13 15:04:52 2019
Allocated 3981120 bytes in shared pool for flashback generation buffer
Created guaranteed restore point SNAPSHOT_STANDBY_REQUIRED_12/13/2019 15:04:36
krsv_proc_kill: Killing 2 processes (all RFS)
Fri Dec 13 15:04:53 2019
idle dispatcher 'D000' terminated, pid = (17, 1)
Begin: Standby Redo Logfile archival
End: Standby Redo Logfile archival
RESETLOGS after incomplete recovery UNTIL CHANGE 1473614
Waiting for all non-current ORLs to be archived...
All non-current ORLs have been archived.
Resetting resetlogs activation ID 1554639171 (0x5ca9e943)
Online log /u01/app/oracle/orcl/flash_recovery_area/DB132/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_gz145kfy_.log: Thread 1 Group 1 was previously cleared
Online log /u01/app/oracle/orcl/flash_recovery_area/DB132/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_gz145l2o_.log: Thread 1 Group 2 was previously cleared
Online log /u01/app/oracle/orcl/flash_recovery_area/DB132/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_gz145m22_.log: Thread 1 Group 3 was previously cleared
Fri Dec 13 15:05:02 2019
Standby became primary SCN: 1473612
Fri Dec 13 15:05:02 2019
Setting recovery target incarnation to 3
AUDIT_TRAIL initialization parameter is changed back to its original value as specified in the parameter file.
CONVERT TO SNAPSHOT STANDBY: Complete - Database mounted as snapshot standby
Completed: alter database convert to snapshot standby
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
Data Guard Broker initializing...
Data Guard Broker initialization complete
Fri Dec 13 15:05:07 2019
Assigning activation ID 1554656041 (0x5caa2b29)
Thread 1 opened at log sequence 1
Current log# 1 seq# 1 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/orcl/flash_recovery_area/DB132/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_gz145kfy_.log
Successful open of redo thread 1
MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set
Fri Dec 13 15:05:09 2019
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Fri Dec 13 15:05:24 2019
[18879] Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 2.
Undo initialization finished serial:0 start:255561044 end:255576134 diff:15090 (150 seconds)
Dictionary check beginning
Dictionary check complete
Verifying file header compatibility for 11g tablespace encryption..
Verifying 11g file header compatibility for tablespace encryption completed
Fri Dec 13 15:05:26 2019
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Database Characterset is WE8MSWIN1252
Starting background process SMCO
Fri Dec 13 15:05:38 2019
SMCO started with pid=26, OS id=22550
Fri Dec 13 15:05:41 2019
No Resource Manager plan active
Fri Dec 13 15:05:50 2019
NSA2 started with pid=32, OS id=22556
Fri Dec 13 15:05:54 2019
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 2 (LGWR switch)
Current log# 2 seq# 2 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/orcl/flash_recovery_area/DB132/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_gz145l2o_.log
Fri Dec 13 15:06:15 2019
Starting background process QMNC
Fri Dec 13 15:06:15 2019
QMNC started with pid=33, OS id=22560
LOGSTDBY: Validating controlfile with logical metadata
LOGSTDBY: Validation complete
Fri Dec 13 15:06:48 2019
ARC0: Becoming the 'no SRL' ARCH
Fri Dec 13 15:06:48 2019
ARC3: Becoming the 'no SRL' ARCH
Archived Log entry 80 added for thread 1 sequence 1 ID 0x5caa2b29 dest 1:
Fri Dec 13 15:06:52 2019
ARC1: Becoming the 'no SRL' ARCH
Fri Dec 13 15:06:53 2019
Completed: ALTER DATABASE OPEN
Fri Dec 13 15:07:05 2019
RFS[4]: Assigned to RFS process 22568
RFS[4]: Selected log 5 for thread 1 sequence 66 dbid 1509177297 branch 981396562
RFS[4]: Selected log 6 for thread 1 sequence 67 dbid 1509177297 branch 981396562
Fri Dec 13 15:07:21 2019
RFS[5]: Assigned to RFS process 22572
RFS[5]: Selected log 4 for thread 1 sequence 65 dbid 1509177297 branch 981396562
Fri Dec 13 15:07:42 2019
Starting background process CJQ0
Fri Dec 13 15:07:43 2019
CJQ0 started with pid=41, OS id=22588
切換成功後，看一下備庫當前的狀態：
閃回區中有閃回數據庫的日誌信息：
[oracle@qht132 onlinelog]$ ls -lth
total 351M
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 51M Dec 13 15:16 o1_mf_6_gz145p0r_.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 51M Dec 13 15:16 o1_mf_2_gz145l2o_.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 51M Dec 13 15:07 o1_mf_4_gz145mrx_.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 51M Dec 13 15:07 o1_mf_5_gz145ngw_.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 51M Dec 13 15:05 o1_mf_1_gz145kfy_.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 51M Dec 13 15:05 o1_mf_3_gz145m22_.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 51M Dec 12 15:01 o1_mf_7_gz145pmt_.log
查看備庫歸檔日誌，後面的歸檔只接收了，沒有被應用。
SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#, REGISTRAR, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME, APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
SEQUENCE# REGISTR FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APPLIED
---------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
1 ARCH 13-DEC-19 13-DEC-19 NO
8 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
9 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
10 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
11 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
12 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
13 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
14 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
15 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
16 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
17 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
SEQUENCE# REGISTR FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APPLIED
---------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
18 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
19 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
20 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
21 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
22 ARCH 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
22 ARCH 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
23 ARCH 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
23 ARCH 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
24 FGRD 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
24 ARCH 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
25 ARCH 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
SEQUENCE# REGISTR FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APPLIED
---------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
25 FGRD 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
26 LGWR 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
26 ARCH 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
27 FGRD 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
27 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
28 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
29 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
30 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
31 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
32 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
33 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
SEQUENCE# REGISTR FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APPLIED
---------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
34 ARCH 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
34 ARCH 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
35 ARCH 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
35 ARCH 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
36 FGRD 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
36 ARCH 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
37 ARCH 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
37 ARCH 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
38 FGRD 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
38 LGWR 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
39 LGWR 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
SEQUENCE# REGISTR FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APPLIED
---------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
39 ARCH 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
40 LGWR 11-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
40 ARCH 11-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
41 LGWR 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
41 ARCH 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
42 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
42 FGRD 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
43 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
44 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
45 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
46 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
SEQUENCE# REGISTR FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APPLIED
---------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
47 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
48 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
49 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
50 ARCH 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
50 ARCH 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
51 ARCH 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
51 ARCH 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
52 ARCH 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
52 FGRD 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
53 ARCH 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
53 ARCH 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
SEQUENCE# REGISTR FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APPLIED
---------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
54 LGWR 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
54 FGRD 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
55 LGWR 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 NO
55 ARCH 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
56 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
56 FGRD 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 NO
57 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
58 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
59 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
60 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
61 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
SEQUENCE# REGISTR FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APPLIED
---------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
62 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
63 RFS 12-DEC-19 13-DEC-19 YES
64 RFS 13-DEC-19 13-DEC-19 YES
65 RFS 13-DEC-19 13-DEC-19 NO
66 RFS 13-DEC-19 13-DEC-19 NO
82 rows selected.
flashback_on的屬性已發生的改變，從ON變成了RESTORE POINT ONLY
SQL> select database_role, open_mode from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE
---------------- --------------------
SNAPSHOT STANDBY READ WRITE
SQL> select flashback_on from v$database;
FLASHBACK_ON
------------------
RESTORE POINT ONLY
這個時候在備庫就可以進行讀寫操作了，方便我們進行一些必須在實際環境下面的測試，測試完成之後再切換爲物理standby，非常方便。
備庫做如下操作：
SQL> create user ethan identified by ethan;
User created.
SQL> grant dba to ethan;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> create table ethan.t1 as select * from cat;
Table created.
SQL> select count(*) from ethan.t1;
COUNT(*)
----------
4944
主庫做如下操作：
SQL> create user tom identified by tom;
User created.
SQL> grant dba to tom;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> create table tom.t1 as select * from cat;
Table created.
SQL> select count(*) from tom.t1;
COUNT(*)
----------
4944
主庫做一次switch logfile，備庫接收了歸檔，備庫日誌如下：
Fri Dec 13 15:48:07 2019
RFS[4]: Selected log 4 for thread 1 sequence 68 dbid 1509177297 branch 981396562
假如備庫的測試任務已結束，現恢復到物理standby
--備庫執行
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 313159680 bytes
Fixed Size 2227944 bytes
Variable Size 197132568 bytes
Database Buffers 109051904 bytes
Redo Buffers 4747264 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database convert to physical standby;
Database altered.
手動重啓一下備庫
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 313159680 bytes
Fixed Size 2227944 bytes
Variable Size 192938264 bytes
Database Buffers 113246208 bytes
Redo Buffers 4747264 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
再來查看一下備庫狀態：
SQL> select database_role from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY
SQL> select flashback_on from v$database;
FLASHBACK_ON
------------------
NO
SQL> select count(*) from ethan.t1; --snashot dg時備庫的測試數據已被刪除
select count(*) from ethan.t1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
SQL> select count(*) from tom.t1; --snashot dg時主庫的數據暫還沒有同步過來
select count(*) from tom.t1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
tom.t1沒有從主庫同步過來，看一下歸檔是否被應用了。
SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#, REGISTRAR, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME, APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
SEQUENCE# REGISTR FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APPLIED
---------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
1 ARCH 13-DEC-19 13-DEC-19 NO
2 ARCH 13-DEC-19 13-DEC-19 NO
3 ARCH 13-DEC-19 13-DEC-19 NO
4 ARCH 13-DEC-19 13-DEC-19 NO
5 ARCH 13-DEC-19 14-DEC-19 NO
6 ARCH 14-DEC-19 14-DEC-19 NO
7 ARCH 14-DEC-19 14-DEC-19 NO
8 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
8 ARCH 14-DEC-19 14-DEC-19 NO
9 RFS 11-DEC-19 11-DEC-19 YES
9 ARCH 14-DEC-19 15-DEC-19 NO
。。。
55 ARCH 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
56 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
56 FGRD 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 NO
57 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
SEQUENCE# REGISTR FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APPLIED
---------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
58 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
59 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
60 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
61 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
62 RFS 12-DEC-19 12-DEC-19 YES
63 RFS 12-DEC-19 13-DEC-19 YES
64 RFS 13-DEC-19 13-DEC-19 YES
65 RFS 13-DEC-19 13-DEC-19 NO
66 RFS 13-DEC-19 13-DEC-19 NO
67 RFS 13-DEC-19 13-DEC-19 NO
68 RFS 13-DEC-19 13-DEC-19 NO
SEQUENCE# REGISTR FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APPLIED
---------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
69 RFS 13-DEC-19 13-DEC-19 NO
70 RFS 13-DEC-19 13-DEC-19 NO
71 RFS 13-DEC-19 14-DEC-19 NO
72 RFS 14-DEC-19 14-DEC-19 NO
73 RFS 14-DEC-19 14-DEC-19 NO
74 RFS 14-DEC-19 14-DEC-19 NO
75 RFS 14-DEC-19 14-DEC-19 NO
76 RFS 14-DEC-19 15-DEC-19 NO
77 RFS 15-DEC-19 15-DEC-19 NO
78 RFS 15-DEC-19 15-DEC-19 NO
79 RFS 15-DEC-19 15-DEC-19 NO
SEQUENCE# REGISTR FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APPLIED
---------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
80 RFS 15-DEC-19 16-DEC-19 NO
81 RFS 16-DEC-19 16-DEC-19 NO
82 RFS 16-DEC-19 16-DEC-19 NO
83 RFS 16-DEC-19 16-DEC-19 NO
84 RFS 16-DEC-19 16-DEC-19 NO
85 RFS 16-DEC-19 16-DEC-19 NO
116 rows selected.
歸檔接收了沒有被應用，打開active data gurad特性，應用歸檔後同步正常。
SQL> recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> select count(*) from tom.t1;
COUNT(*)
----------
4944
