轉自：
https://blog.csdn.net/sl1992/article/details/80457935
文章目錄
1.下載Oracle12c
2.配置主機名和IP的映射
3.Oracle安裝的先決條件
3.1手動設置
3.1.1配置內核參數
3.1.2限制oracle用戶資源使用
3.1.3安裝依賴軟件包
3.1.4創建新組和新用戶
3.2附加設置
3.2.1爲oracle用戶設置密碼
3.2.2修改設置SELINUX
3.2.3確保禁用防火牆
3.2.4創建Oracle安裝目錄
3.2.5配置Oracle環境變量並驗證
4.Oracle安裝
4.1上傳解壓
4.2修改響應文件
4.3靜默安裝Oracle
5.數據庫創建
6.數據庫監聽配置
7.自動啓動和關閉數據庫
7.1修改/etc/oratab
7.2創建dbora文件
7.3修改dbora組和文件權限
7.4創建符號鏈接
Linux命令行安裝Oracle12c
1.下載Oracle12c
下載Oracle12.2.0.1.0版本，選擇Linux x86-64安裝包
2.配置主機名和IP的映射
vi /etc/hosts，添加配置項192.168.1.200 solang
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.200 solang
3.Oracle安裝的先決條件
參見Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2) Installation On Oracle Linux 6 (OL6) and 7 (OL7)
Perform either the Automatic Setup or the Manual Setup to complete the
basic prerequisites. The Additional Setup is required for all installations.
執行自動設置或手動設置完成基本先決條件。所有安裝都需要進行附加設置。
這裏我們選擇手動設置先決條件
3.1手動設置
3.1.1配置內核參數
[root@solang ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
添加如下行：
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
運行sysctl -p命令更改當前內核參數
[root@solang ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1
vm.swappiness = 0
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_stale_time = 120
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1024
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
3.1.2限制oracle用戶資源使用
[root@solang ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
添加如下行：
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle hard memlock 134217728
oracle soft memlock 134217728
3.1.3安裝依賴軟件包
yum install binutils -y
yum install compat-libcap1 -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33 -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33.i686 -y
yum install glibc -y
yum install glibc.i686 -y
yum install glibc-devel -y
yum install glibc-devel.i686 -y
yum install ksh -y
yum install libaio -y
yum install libaio.i686 -y
yum install libaio-devel -y
yum install libaio-devel.i686 -y
yum install libX11 -y
yum install libX11.i686 -y
yum install libXau -y
yum install libXau.i686 -y
yum install libXi -y
yum install libXi.i686 -y
yum install libXtst -y
yum install libXtst.i686 -y
yum install libgcc -y
yum install libgcc.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++ -y
yum install libstdc++.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++-devel -y
yum install libstdc++-devel.i686 -y
yum install libxcb -y
yum install libxcb.i686 -y
yum install make -y
yum install nfs-utils -y
yum install net-tools -y
yum install smartmontools -y
yum install sysstat -y
yum install unixODBC -y
yum install unixODBC-devel -y
3.1.4創建新組和新用戶
groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
groupadd -g 54322 dba
groupadd -g 54323 oper
useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
[root@solang ~]# groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
[root@solang ~]# groupadd -g 54322 dba
[root@solang ~]# groupadd -g 54323 oper
[root@solang ~]# useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
不必非要按照叫oinstall，和dba，只不過一般文檔上就這麼叫
oinstall組用於安裝數據庫
dba組用於管理數據庫
-g表示這個用戶的主組
-G標識這個用戶的其它組
一個用戶可以屬於多個用戶組，但是一個用戶只能指定一個組作爲其主組
3.2附加設置
The following steps must be performed, whether you did the manual or automatic setup.
無論是手動還是自動設置，都必須執行以下步驟。
3.2.1爲oracle用戶設置密碼
[oracle@solang ~]$ passwd oracle
3.2.2修改設置SELINUX
[root@solang ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
## 將`SELINUX`修改爲permissive
SELINUX=permissive
[root@solang ~]# setenforce Permissive
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
3.2.3確保禁用防火牆
[root@solang ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@solang ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
3.2.4創建Oracle安裝目錄
[root@solang ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/products/oracle12c
[root@solang ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /usr/local
[root@solang ~]# chmod -R 775 /usr/local/
也可以按照Oracle安裝文檔上的路徑進行設置
3.2.5配置Oracle環境變量並驗證
切換到新添加的oracle用戶名下，在oracle用戶下配置環境變量
[root@solang ~]# su oracle
[oracle@solang ~]$ vi .bash_profile
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=solang
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=cdb1
export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/products
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle12c
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1
export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
使配置立即生效
[oracle@solang ~]$ source .bash_profile
[oracle@solang ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/usr/local/products/oracle12c
4.Oracle安裝
4.1上傳解壓
將下載的linuxx64_12201_database.zip上傳到Linux系統/home/oracle目錄下
解壓
[oracle@solang ~]$ unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip
4.2修改響應文件
壓縮包解壓完成後得到名爲database的文件夾，其中包含安裝文件。
[oracle@solang ~]$ cd database/response/
[oracle@solang response]$ vi db_install.rsp
此數據庫安裝響應文件db_install.rsp修改的地方，參見Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) Silent Installations中12cR2進行設置
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/usr/local/products/oracle12c/oraInventory
ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/products/oracle12c
ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/products
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
由於安裝時本人將指定保存清單文件的位置設置到了$ORACLE_BASE目錄下，出現了警告
WARNING The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory.
警告 中央清單位於Oracle base中。
操作：Oracle建議將此中央清單放在Oracle基本目錄之外的位置。
建議將清單文件位置修改爲INVENTORY_LOCATION=/usr/local/oraInventory，不在$ORACLE_BASE目錄下即可。
注意：如果不想修改db_install.rsp，可以採用命令行方式直接指定參數進行安裝，參見4.3靜默安裝Oracle
db_install.rsp完整內容如下
####################################################################
## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2017. All rights reserved.##
## ##
## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize ##
## your installation. ##
## ##
## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment ##
## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate ##
## values. ##
## ##
## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and ##
## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user ##
## or db administrator who owns this installation. ##
## ##
####################################################################
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not change the following system generated value.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v12.2.0
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation option.
# It can be one of the following:
# - INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
# - INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
# - UPGRADE_DB
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.
# This is an optional parameter if installing on
# Windows based Operating System.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/usr/local/products/oracle12c/oraInventory
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/products/oracle12c
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/products
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation edition of the component.
#
# The value should contain only one of these choices.
# - EE : Enterprise Edition
# - SE2 : Standard Edition 2
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
###############################################################################
# #
# PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS #
# ------------------------------------------ #
# Provide values for the OS groups to which SYSDBA and SYSOPER privileges #
# needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the #
# group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. #
# #
# The value to be specified for OSDBA and OSOPER group is only for UNIX based #
# Operating System. #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSDBA privileges.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSOPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSOPER privileges.
# The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=dba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSBACKUP privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSDGDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSDG privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSKMDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSKM privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OSRACDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted SYSRAC privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
###############################################################################
# #
# Grid Options #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of Real Application Cluster Database
#
# - ADMIN_MANAGED: Admin-Managed
# - POLICY_MANAGED: Policy-Managed
#
# If left unspecified, default will be ADMIN_MANAGED
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.rac.configurationType=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Value is required only if RAC database type is ADMIN_MANAGED
#
# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.
# Leaving it blank will result in install on local server only (Single Instance)
#
# Example : oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=node1,node2
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is used to enable or disable RAC One Node install.
#
# - true : Value of RAC One Node service name is used.
# - false : Value of RAC One Node service name is not used.
#
# If left blank, it will be assumed to be false.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Value is required only if oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall is true.
#
# Specify the name for RAC One Node Service
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Value is required only if RAC database type is POLICY_MANAGED
#
# Specify a name for the new Server pool that will be configured
# Example : oracle.install.db.rac.serverpoolName=pool1
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.rac.serverpoolName=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Value is required only if RAC database type is POLICY_MANAGED
#
# Specify a number as cardinality for the new Server pool that will be configured
# Example : oracle.install.db.rac.serverpoolCardinality=2
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.rac.serverpoolCardinality=
###############################################################################
# #
# Database Configuration Options #
# #
###############################################################################
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of database to create.
# It can be one of the following:
# - GENERAL_PURPOSE
# - DATA_WAREHOUSE
# GENERAL_PURPOSE: A starter database designed for general purpose use or transaction-heavy applications.
# DATA_WAREHOUSE : A starter database optimized for data warehousing applications.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database SID.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether the database should be configured as a Container database.
# The value can be either "true" or "false". If left blank it will be assumed
# to be "false".
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Pluggable Database name for the pluggable database in Container Database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.PDBName=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database character set.
#
# One of the following
# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,
# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,
# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,
# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,
# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,
# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,
# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management
# in Database is desired.
# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation
# is to be done manually, then set it to false.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be
# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available
# on the system.
# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto
# the starter database or not.
# The value can be either "true" or "false". If left blank it will be assumed
# to be "false".
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=
###############################################################################
# #
# Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the #
# starter database: #
# SYS #
# SYSTEM #
# DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) #
# #
# Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) #
# or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the
# starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=CLOUD_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the PDBADMIN password required for creation of Pluggable Database in the Container Database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.PDBADMIN=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the management option to use for managing the database.
# Options are:
# 1. CLOUD_CONTROL - If you want to manage your database with Enterprise Manager Cloud Control along with Database Express.
# 2. DEFAULT -If you want to manage your database using the default Database Express option.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the OMS host to connect to Cloud Control.
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=CLOUD_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsHost=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the OMS port to connect to Cloud Control.
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=CLOUD_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsPort=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the EM Admin user name to use to connect to Cloud Control.
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=CLOUD_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminUser=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the EM Admin password to use to connect to Cloud Control.
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=CLOUD_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminPassword=
###############################################################################
# #
# SPECIFY RECOVERY OPTIONS #
# ------------------------------------ #
# Recovery options for the database can be mentioned using the entries below #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is to be set to false if database recovery is not required. Else
# this can be set to true.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableRecovery=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.
# It can be one of the following:
# - FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
# - ASM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control
# files, redo logs.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the recovery location.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the existing ASM disk groups to be used for storage.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=ASM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the password for ASMSNMP user of the ASM instance.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.
#
# Example : [email protected]
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.
#
# Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for
# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.
# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.
#
# Example : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether user doesn't want to configure Security Updates.
# The value for this variable should be true if you don't want to configure
# Security Updates, false otherwise.
#
# The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed
# to be true.
#
# Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.
#
# Example : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_HOST=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and at least 2 chars.
#
# Example : PROXY_PORT=25
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PORT=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example : PROXY_USER=username
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_USER=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example : PROXY_PWD=password
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PWD=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Oracle Support Hub URL.
#
# Example : COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=https://orasupporthub.company.com:8080/
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=
4.3靜默安裝Oracle
靜默安裝參見Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) Silent Installations，找到12cR2的安裝方式進行安裝
①命令行方式安裝
An alternative to the response file approach is to specify all the parameter values directly on the command line. For simple actions, this looks a lot clearer as you only have to specify non-default values for the action you are trying to perform.
響應文件方法的另一種方式是在命令行上直接指定所有的參數值。對於簡單的操作，這看起來更清楚，因爲您只需爲正在執行的操作指定非默認值。
[oracle@solang response]$ cd ~/database
[oracle@solang database]$ ./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion \
-showProgress -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp \
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY \
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall \
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/usr/local/products/oracle12c/oraInventory \
ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/products/oracle12c \
ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/products \
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE \
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
②響應文件方式安裝
[oracle@solang response]$ cd ~/database
[oracle@solang database]$ ./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion \
-showProgress -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 500 MB. Actual 21922 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 511 MB Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2018-05-25_04-36-06PM. Please wait ...WARNING The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory.
You can find the log of this install session at:
/usr/local/products/oracle12c/oraInventory/logs/installActions2018-05-25_04-36-06PM.log
Prepare in progress.
.................................................. 8% Done.
Prepare successful.
Copy files in progress.
.................................................. 17% Done.
.................................................. 22% Done.
.................................................. 27% Done.
.................................................. 32% Done.
.................................................. 40% Done.
.................................................. 45% Done.
.................................................. 50% Done.
.................................................. 55% Done.
.................................................. 60% Done.
.................................................. 65% Done.
.................................................. 70% Done.
.................................................. 75% Done.
.................................................. 80% Done.
....................
Copy files successful.
Link binaries in progress.
..........
Link binaries successful.
Setup files in progress.
..............................
Setup files successful.
Setup Inventory in progress.
Setup Inventory successful.
Finish Setup successful.
The installation of Oracle Database 12c was successful.
Please check '/usr/local/products/oracle12c/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2018-05-25_04-36-06PM.log' for more details.
Setup Oracle Base in progress.
Setup Oracle Base successful.
.................................................. 95% Done.
As a root user, execute the following script(s):
1. /usr/local/products/oracle12c/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
2. /usr/local/products/oracle12c/root.sh
.................................................. 100% Done.
Successfully Setup Software.
安裝完畢後切換到root用戶執行以下腳本
As a root user, execute the following script(s):
/usr/local/products/oracle12c/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/usr/local/products/oracle12c/root.sh
1
2
[oracle@solang ~]$ su
[root@solang ~]# /usr/local/products/oracle12c/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /usr/local/products/oracle12c/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /usr/local/products/oracle12c/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@solang ~]# /usr/local/products/oracle12c/root.sh
Check /usr/local/products/oracle12c/install/root_solang2018-05-2516-45-15-468131776.log for the output of root script
執行命令sqlplus / as sysdba
[oracle@solang ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun May 27 11:52:01 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL>
此時數據庫軟件安裝成功。
5.數據庫創建
參見Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) : Creating Databases in Silent Mode，使用數據庫配置助手DBCA靜默模式下創建數據庫，具體設置參見Database Configuration Assistant Command Reference for Silent Mode
執行命令
dbca -silent -createDatabase \
-templateName /usr/local/products/oracle12c/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc \
-gdbname cdb1 -sid cdb1 -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp \
-characterSet AL32UTF8 \
-sysPassword OraPasswd1 \
-systemPassword OraPasswd1 \
-createAsContainerDatabase true \
-numberOfPDBs 1 \
-pdbName pdb1 \
-pdbAdminPassword OraPasswd1 \
-automaticMemoryManagement false \
-ignorePreReqs
數據文件目錄datafileDestination默認安裝在$ORACLE_BASE/oradata下
注意:密碼設置需要密碼長度至少8位，包含至少1個大寫字符，1個小寫字符和1個數字[0-9]。
否則會有如下警告：
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYS' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
CAUSE:
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYSTEM' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
CAUSE:
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'PDBADMIN' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
CAUSE:
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
執行
[oracle@solang ~]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase \
> -templateName /usr/local/products/oracle12c/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc \
> -gdbname cdb1 -sid cdb1 -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp \
> -characterSet AL32UTF8 \
> -sysPassword OraPasswd1 \
> -systemPassword OraPasswd1 \
> -createAsContainerDatabase true \
> -numberOfPDBs 1 \
> -pdbName pdb1 \
> -pdbAdminPassword OraPasswd1 \
> -automaticMemoryManagement false \
> -ignorePreReqs
Copying database files
1% complete
13% complete
25% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
26% complete
30% complete
31% complete
35% complete
38% complete
39% complete
41% complete
Completing Database Creation
42% complete
43% complete
44% complete
46% complete
49% complete
50% complete
Creating Pluggable Databases
55% complete
75% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Look at the log file "/usr/local/products/cfgtoollogs/dbca/cdb1/cdb1.log" for further details.
再次執行命令sqlplus / as sysdba
[oracle@solang ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun May 27 15:28:18 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
SQL>
此時數據庫創建成功。
6.數據庫監聽配置
未配置監聽前執行lsnrctl status
[oracle@solang ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 27-MAY-2018 17:20:08
Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00511: No listener
Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
使用默認的netca.rsp文件
執行命令netca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp
[oracle@solang ~]$ netca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
Running Listener Control:
/usr/local/products/oracle12c/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
再次執行命令lsnrctl status
[oracle@solang ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 27-MAY-2018 18:04:32
Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=solang)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 27-MAY-2018 18:03:02
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 30 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /usr/local/products/oracle12c/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /usr/local/products/diag/tnslsnr/solang/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=solang)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "6d2bd82e6b445902e053f05313acb216" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cdb1" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cdb1XDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "pdb1" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
此時數據庫監聽配置成功。
參見Configuring the Network Environment
啓動或關閉監聽
lsnrctl start
lsnrctl stop
1
2
7.自動啓動和關閉數據庫
參見Automating Database Startup and Shutdown，以root用戶登錄
7.1修改/etc/oratab
[root@solang ~]# vi /etc/oratab
# 最後一行，將N修改爲Y
cdb1:/usr/local/products/oracle12c:Y
7.2創建dbora文件
[root@solang ~]# vi /etc/init.d/dbora
#! /bin/sh
# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.
#
# Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME
# from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;
#
# Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the
# Oracle database in ORACLE_HOME.
ORA_HOME=/usr/local/products/oracle12c
ORA_OWNER=oracle
case "$1" in
'start')
# Start the Oracle databases:
# The following command assumes that the oracle login
# will not prompt the user for any values
# Remove "&" if you don't want startup as a background process.
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORA_HOME" &
touch /var/lock/subsys/dbora
;;
'stop')
# Stop the Oracle databases:
# The following command assumes that the oracle login
# will not prompt the user for any values
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORA_HOME" &
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/dbora
;;
esac
ORA_HOME設置爲$ORACLE_HOME，ORA_OWNER設置爲oracle用戶
7.3修改dbora組和文件權限
chgrp dba /etc/init.d/dbora
chmod 750 /etc/init.d/dbora
[root@solang ~]# chgrp dba /etc/init.d/dbora
[root@solang ~]# chmod 750 /etc/init.d/dbora
7.4創建符號鏈接
ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K01dbora
ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99dbora
ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99dbora
[root@solang ~]# ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K01dbora
[root@solang ~]# ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99dbora
[root@solang ~]# ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99dbora
將機器重啓，Oracle數據庫開機自動啓動。
在oracle用戶中單獨啓動和關閉數據庫
[oracle@solang ~]# $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@solang ~]# $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME
本文參考:
Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2) Installation On Oracle Linux 6 (OL6) and 7 (OL7)
Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) Silent Installations
Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) : Creating Databases in Silent Mode
Database Configuration Assistant Command Reference for Silent Mode
Database Administrator’s Guide
Oracle Database Documentation
CentOS下裝oracle 12c(命令行模式安裝）
Configuring the Network Environment
Automating Database Startup and Shutdown on Linux
Automating Database Startup and Shutdown
CentOS 6.8靜默安裝oracle11g
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版權聲明：本文爲CSDN博主「LifeIsForSharing」的原創文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版權協議，轉載請附上原文出處鏈接及本聲明。
原文鏈接：https://blog.csdn.net/sl1992/article/details/80457935