注：本文謝絕轉載！
1 說明
在前面的Blog中，講過RAC 中SCAN 的配置有三種方式：
（1） /etc/hosts
（2） DNS
（3） GNS
具體鏈接如下：
Oracle RAC 集羣 SCAN 說明
http://www.cndba.cn/Dave/article/758
Oracle 12c RAC 集羣使用DNS 實現 SCAN
http://www.cndba.cn/Dave/article/757
Oracle 12c RAC 修改SCAN 配置
http://www.cndba.cn/Dave/article/756
如果使用GNS來做SCAN，那麼就需要配置DNS和 DHCP。 並且整個RAC的架構，也會發生變化。
在我們傳統的架構中，PUBLIC IP,PRIVATE IP，VIP 都是我們預先分配好的，但如果使用GNS 來做SCAN,那麼只需要固定PRIVATEIP 和 PUBLIC IP， VIP和SCAN IP 由GNS 從DHCP 中動態獲取。
本測試的RAC搭建IP 分配如下表
|
節點 |
Public IP |
Private IP |
VIP |
SCAN VIP |
GNS VIP |
SCAN |
|
rac1 |
192.168.56.5 |
192.168.57.5 |
從DHCP動態分配 |
從DHCP動態分配 |
192.168.56.201 由DNS 解析 |
從DHCP中獲得，並由GNS進行域名解析 |
|
rac2 |
192.168.56.6 |
192.168.57.6 |
||||
|
dns/dhcp |
192.168.56.200 |
|
||||
2 安裝配置DNS
2.1 安裝DNS
安裝：
[[email protected]]# yum search bind-
Loadedplugins: refresh-packagekit, security
====================================================================N/S Matched: bind-=====================================================================
bind-chroot.x86_64: A chroot runtime environment for the ISC BIND DNS server, named(8)
bind-devel.i686: Header files and libraries needed for BIND DNS development
bind-devel.x86_64: Header files and libraries needed for BIND DNS development
bind-dyndb-ldap.x86_64: LDAP back-end plug-in for BIND
bind-libs.x86_64: Libraries used by the BIND DNS packages
bind-libs.i686: Libraries used by the BIND DNS packages
bind-sdb.x86_64: BIND server with database backends and DLZ support
bind-utils.x86_64: Utilities for querying DNS name servers
[root@rac1sbin]# yum install bind-chroot.x86_64
依賴的包會自動解決。
[root@rac1etc]# rpm -qa | grep "^bind"
bind-chroot-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6.x86_64
bind-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6.x86_64
bind-libs-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6.x86_64
bind-utils-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6.x86_64
[root@rac1etc]#
2.2 配置DNS
安裝完成後，bind的主配置文件是/etc/named.conf；區域類型配置文件是/etc/named.rfc1912.zones；區域配置文件在/var/named/下;
2.2.1 修改name.conf 文件
[root@davedns ~]# cat /etc/named.conf
//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BINDnamed(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolveronly).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configurationfiles.
//
options {
// listen-onport 53 { 127.0.0.1; };默認監聽IP爲127.0.0.1，用//需註釋掉
// listen-on-v6port 53 { ::1; };註釋掉
directory "/var/named";存放區域配置文件的目錄
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file"/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file"/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
// allow-query { localhost; };允許查詢的客戶端的IP，默認爲本機，註釋掉。
recursionyes; 是否開啓迭代查詢功能
dnssec-enable yes;
dnssec-validationyes;
dnssec-lookasideauto;
/* Path to ISC DLVkey */
bindkeys-file"/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
managed-keys-directory"/var/named/dynamic";
};
logging {
channel default_debug{
file"data/named.run";
severitydynamic;
};
};
//這裏必須註釋掉原來的file，重新加上file
zone "." IN {
type hint;
// file"named.ca";
file"/dev/null";
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include "/etc/named.root.key";
2.2.2 配置正反向解析Zone
修改Zone 文件：/etc/named.rfc1912.zones, 添加正向解析和反向解析的Zone 定義。
--配置正向解析Zone
zone"cndba.cn" IN {
typemaster;
file"cndba.cn.zone";
allow-update{ none; };
};
--配置反向解析Zone
zone"56.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
typemaster;
file"56.168.192.local";
allow-update{ none; };
};
這裏需要注意的是，反向解析從左到右讀取ip地址時是以相反的方向解釋的，所以需要將ip地址反向排列。這裏，192.168.56.*網段的反向解析域名爲"56.168.192.in-addr.arpa”。
2.2.3 配置正向解析的區域文件
在之前的name.conf 配置中指定的區域文件目錄是：/var/named。 所以在這個目錄裏創建正向解析的區域文件。
文件名就是在Zone中定義的file名。
[root@davedns ~]# touch /var/named/cndba.cn.zone
添加如下內容：
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA dns.cndba.cn. root.cndba.cn. (
42 ; serial (d.adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D) ; minimum
IN NS dns.cndba.cn.
dns IN A 192.168.56.200
gns IN A 192.168.56.201
$ORIGINcndba.cn.
@ IN NS gns.cndba.cn.
2.2.4 配置反向解析的區域文件
在/var/named 目錄下創建反向解析的區域文件，文件名也是之前在Zone中定義的：56.168.192.local。
[root@davedns~]# touch /var/named/56.168.192.local
添加如下內容：
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA dns.cndba.cn. root.cndba.cn. (
1997022700 ; Serial
28800 ; Refresh
14400 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
86400) ; Minimum
IN NS dns.cndba.cn.
200 IN PTR dns.cndba.cn.
201 IN PTR gns.cndba.cn.
2.2.5 重啓DNS
[root@davedns~]# chkconfig named on
[root@davedns~]# service named restart
Stoppingnamed: . [ OK ]
Startingnamed: [ OK ]
[root@rac2named]#
2.2.6 驗證DNS
在所有節點的/etc/resolv.conf文件中添加如下內容：
[root@rac1~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
#Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver192.168.56.200
nameserver192.168.56.201
optionsrotate
optionstimeout:2
optionsattempts:5
[root@rac1~]#
[root@rac2~]# nslookup dns.cndba.cn
Server: 192.168.56.200
Address: 192.168.56.200#53
Name: dns.cndba.cn
Address:192.168.56.200
[root@rac2~]# nslookup gns.cndba.cn
Server: 192.168.56.200
Address: 192.168.56.200#53
Name: gns.cndba.cn
Address:192.168.56.201
[root@rac2~]#
[root@rac1~]# nslookup gns.cndba.cn
Server: 192.168.56.200
Address: 192.168.56.200#53
Name: gns.cndba.cn
Address:192.168.56.201
[root@rac1~]# nslookup dns.cndba.cn
Server: 192.168.56.200
Address: 192.168.56.200#53
Name: dns.cndba.cn
Address:192.168.56.200
[root@rac1~]#
3 安裝配置DHCP
3.1 安裝DHCP
[root@davedns~]# yum install dhcp
[root@davedns~]# rpm -qa | grep "^dhcp"
dhcp-common-4.1.1-43.P1.el6.centos.x86_64
dhcp-4.1.1-43.P1.el6.centos.x86_64
3.2 配置DHCP
[root@davedns~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
:r /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample --可以導入配置文件在修改。
也可以直接添加如下內容：
[root@davednsdhcp]# cat dhcpd.conf
#
# DHCPServer Configuration file.
# see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample
# see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'
ddns-update-styleinterim;
ignoreclient-updates;
subnet192.168.56.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.56.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option nis-domain "cndba.cn";
option domain-name "cndba.cn";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.56.200;
option time-offset -18000; # Eastern Standard Time
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.56.100192.168.56.150;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
}
[root@davednsdhcp]#
3.3 重啓DHCP
[root@davednsdhcp]# chkconfig dhcpd on
[root@davednsdhcp]# chkconfig dhcpd --list
dhcpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
[root@davednsdhcp]# service dhcpd restart
Shuttingdown dhcpd: [ OK ]
Startingdhcpd: [ OK ]
[root@davednsdhcp]#
4 安裝RAC
12cRAC 安裝的詳細步驟參考如下鏈接：
Oracle12c RAC 搭建手冊
http://www.cndba.cn/Dave/article/767
我們這裏貼出不同的地方。
修改hosts文件，註釋掉vip的配置，由程序動態獲取。
[root@rac2~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.56.5rac1
192.168.57.5rac1-priv
#192.168.56.7rac1-vip
192.168.56.6rac2
192.168.57.6rac2-priv
#192.168.56.8rac2-vip
#192.168.56.9rac-scan
[root@rac2~]#
5 驗證
[grid@rac1grid]$ crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora....SM.lsnrora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....ER.lsnrora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....AF.lsnrora....er.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....N1.lsnrora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....N2.lsnrora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....N3.lsnrora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.MGMTLSNR ora....nr.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.OCR.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.asm ora.asm.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.cvu ora.cvu.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.gns ora.gns.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.gns.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.mgmtdb ora....db.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....networkora....rk.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.oc4j ora.oc4j.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.ons ora.ons.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....C1.lsnrapplication ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....C2.lsnrapplication ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.scan1.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.scan2.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.scan3.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
[grid@rac1grid]$
[grid@rac1grid]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server Statedetails
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LocalResources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.OCR.dg
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ClusterResources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.MGMTLSNR
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 169.254.236.113 192.
168.57.5,STABLE
ora.asm
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Started,STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 Started,STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.gns
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.gns.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.mgmtdb
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Open,STABLE
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.rac1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.rac2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.scan2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.scan3.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[grid@rac1grid]$
[grid@rac1grid]$ srvctl config scan
SCANname: scan.cndba.cn, Network: 1
SubnetIPv4: 192.168.56.0/255.255.255.0/eth0, dhcp
SubnetIPv6:
SCAN 0IPv4 VIP: -/scan1-vip/192.168.56.101
SCANVIP is enabled.
SCANVIP is individually enabled on nodes:
SCANVIP is individually disabled on nodes:
SCAN 1IPv4 VIP: -/scan2-vip/192.168.56.102
SCANVIP is enabled.
SCANVIP is individually enabled on nodes:
SCANVIP is individually disabled on nodes:
SCAN 2IPv4 VIP: -/scan3-vip/192.168.56.103
SCANVIP is enabled.
SCANVIP is individually enabled on nodes:
SCANVIP is individually disabled on nodes:
[grid@rac1grid]$
注意這裏的IP地址，是從DHCP裏自動獲取的。
[grid@rac1grid]$ srvctl config vip -node rac1
VIPexists: network number 1, hosting node rac1
VIPIPv4 Address: -/rac1-vip/192.168.56.100
VIPIPv6 Address:
VIP isenabled.
VIP isindividually enabled on nodes:
VIP isindividually disabled on nodes:
[grid@rac1grid]$ srvctl config vip -node rac2
VIPexists: network number 1, hosting node rac2
VIPIPv4 Address: -/rac2-vip/192.168.56.104
VIPIPv6 Address:
VIP isenabled.
VIP isindividually enabled on nodes:
VIP isindividually disabled on nodes:
[grid@rac1grid]$
這裏，vip也是一樣，自動獲取。
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