這裏不使用圖形用戶界面安裝數據庫,使用的是靜默安裝。
操作系統版本:CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
打算安裝一個實例名爲orcl的Oracle。
1. 檢查硬件要求
1.1 內存要求
最小需要: 1 GB
推薦: 2 GB及以上
內存與交換內存關係推薦配置:
#查看內存大小
free -m
從Oracle Database 11g開始,自動內存管理功能需要更多的共享內存(/dev/shm)和文件描述符。共享內存的大小應至少爲該計算機上每個Oracle實例的memory_MAX_TARGET和memory_TARGET中的較大者。
確定可用的共享內存量
df -h /dev/shm/
1.2 磁盤空間要求
df -h /tmp #/tmp目錄至少需要1G
下表描述了Linux x86-64上每種安裝類型的軟件文件和數據文件的磁盤空間要求:
2. 檢查軟件要求
2.1 操作系統要求
Oracle Database 11g Release 2(11.2)需要以下或更高版本的操作系統:
- Asianux Server 3 SP2
- Asianux Server 4 SP3
- Oracle Linux 4 Update 7
- Oracle Linux 5 Update 2 (with Red Hat Compatible Kernel)
- Oracle Linux 5 Update 5
- Oracle Linux 6
- Oracle Linux 6 (with Red Hat Compatible Kernel)
- Oracle Linux 7
- Oracle Linux 7 (with the Red Hat Compatible Kernel)
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 7
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP2
- SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11
- SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP1
- NeoKylin Linux Advanced Server 6
- NeoKylin Linux Advanced Server 7
#查看操作系統版本
cat /proc/version
2.2 內核版本
以下是Oracle Database 11g Release 2(11.2)的核心要求:
On Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4
2.6.9 or later
On Oracle Linux 5 Update 2 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel
2.6.18 or later
On Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel
2.6.18 or later
On Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 with Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel
2.6.32-100.0.19 or later
On Oracle Linux 6
2.6.32-100.28.5.el6.x86_64 or later
On Oracle Linux 6 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel
2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later
On Oracle Linux 7
3.8.13-33.el7uek.x86_64 or later
On Oracle Linux 7 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel
3.10.0-54.0.1.el7.x86_64 or later
On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2
2.6.18 or later
On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 5
2.6.18 or later
On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later
On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
3.10.0-54.0.1.el7.x86_64 or later
On Asianux Server 3
2.6.18 or later
On Asianux Server 4
2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later
On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10
2.6.16.21 or later
On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11
2.6.27.19 or later
On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12
3.12.49-11 or later
On NeoKylin Linux Advanced Server 6
2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 or later
On NeoKylin Linux Advanced Server 7
3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 or later
#查看內核版本
uname -r
2.3 軟件包要求
#檢查哪些軟件包未安裝
rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel expat gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make numactl pdksh sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"
package compat-libstdc++-33 is not installed
package elfutils-libelf-devel is not installed
package libaio-devel is not installed
package pdksh is not installed
package unixODBC is not installed
package unixODBC-devel is not installed
#安裝未安裝的軟件包
yum install compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel libaio-devel pdksh unixODBC unixODBC-devel -y
3. 對OS進行配置
3.1 創建相關用戶和用戶組
groupadd oinstall
groupadd oper
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
passwd oracle
3.2 配置內核參數
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
修改以下各參數,最小設置如下(如果參數值比下面的大,則保持不變即可):
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
運行sysctl -p應用以上參數
/sbin/sysctl -p
3.3 配置資源限制
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
新增如下內容:
oracle soft nofile 65536
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle stack nproc 10240
oracle stack nproc 10240
3.4 創建相關目錄
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archlog
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
3.5 配置oracle用戶環境變量
su - oracle
vi .bash_profile
添加:
# Oracle Settings
COLUMNS=132; export COLUMNS
LINES=47; export LINES
EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.4/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
SHLIB_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH;export SHLIB_PATH
NLS_LANG=American_America.zhs16gbk;export NLS_LANG
ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;export ORA_NLS10
TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin;export TNS_ADMIN
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jre:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
alias glance=/opt/perf/bin/glance:x
alias gohome='cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4'
alias cdb='cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'
alias cdu='cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'
修改完執行:source .bash_profile生效。
3.6 修改操作系統發行版本
由於 oracle 還沒有推出支持 CentOS 的安裝包,所以需要修改發行版本,以便通過 oracle 的安裝檢查。
vi /etc/redhat-release
把CentOS release 6.5 (Final) 註釋掉,前面加上一行redhat-4,當oracle安裝完成後,再修改回來。
如:
#CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
redhat-4
4.安裝數據庫
4.1 解壓安裝包
cd /download
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
解壓完成後,在安裝包所在路徑下自動生成了database文件夾:
[root@ZooKeeper-node2 download]# ll | grep database
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Aug 27 2013 database
4.2 安裝oracle軟件
4.2.1 新建靜默安裝的應答文件
cd database/response
修改db_install.rsp
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=數據庫服務器的主機名
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES
4.2.2 靜默安裝Oracle
su - oracle
cd /download/database/
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /download/database/response/db_install.rsp
/*
假如安裝過程中報錯了,已經在$ORACLE_HOME和/u01/app/oraInventory下生成了很多文件目錄。想再次安裝的話,需要先刪除這些文件:
[oracle@ser6-52 app]$ rm -rf /u01/app/oraInventory
cd $ORACLE_HOME/
rm -rf *
*/
按提示運行兩個腳本
sh /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
sh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/root.sh
4.3 建庫
4.3.1 建響應文件
cd database/response
修改dbca.rsp文件:
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "orcl"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "orcl"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "orcl"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "orcl"
DATAFILEDESTINATION ="/u01/app/oracle/oradata"
STORAGETYPE=FS
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
DATABASETYPE = "MULTIPURPOSE"
4.3.2 建庫
su - oracle
dbca -silent -responseFile /download/database/response/dbca.rsp
執行完成後,數據庫自動打開了:
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
4.4 配監聽
netca -silent -responseFile /download/database/response/netca.rsp
5. 設置數據庫開機自啓動
5.1 修改dbstart文件
vi $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart
將ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改爲ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
5.2 修改/etc/oratab
將orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1:N改爲
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1:Y
5.3 修改/etc/rc.d/rc.local
添加一行:
su oracle -lc /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/bin/dbstart
reboot重啓主機驗證下Oracle數據庫及監聽是否可以開機自啓動。
6 開放1521端口
如果防火牆開啓了的話,要開1521端口,允許遠程訪問。
vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
直接在配置文件裏已有的-A INPUT那些命令下面
添加一行:
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 1521-j ACCEPT
重啓防火牆
[root@ser6-52 mongodb]# /etc/init.d/iptables restart
7.後續配置
7.1 還原操作系統發行版本
vi /etc/redhat-release
取消CentOS release 6.5 (Final) 註釋,刪除redhat-4
7.2 開啓歸檔模式
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
#查看歸檔
SQL> archive log list;