目錄
datatime模塊重新封裝了time模塊,提供更多接口,提供的類有:date, time, datetime, timedelt , tzinfo。
一、date類
datetime.date(year, month, day)
# encoding: utf-8
"""
@author: sunxianpeng
@file: date_test.py
@time: 2019/12/1 16:50
"""
import time
from datetime import date
def static_method_and_attribute():
print('#####################靜態方法和屬性######################')
# date.max、date.min:date對象所能表示的最大、最小日期;
# date.resolution:date對象表示日期的最小單位。這裏是天。
# date.today():返回一個表示當前本地日期的date對象;
# date.fromtimestamp(timestamp):根據給定的時間戮,返回一個date對象;
print('date.max = {}'.format(date.max))
print('date.min = {}'.format(date.min))
print('date.today = {}'.format(date.today()))
print('date.fromtimestamp = {}'.format( date.fromtimestamp(time.time())))
# date.max = 9999 - 12 - 31
# date.min = 0001 - 01 - 01
# date.today = 2019 - 12 - 01
# date.fromtimestamp = 2019 - 12 - 01
def dynamic_method_and_attribute():
print('#####################動態方法和屬性######################')
# d1 = date(2011, 06, 03) # date對象
# d1.year、date.month、date.day:年、月、日;
# d1.replace(year, month, day):生成一個新的日期對象,用參數指定的年,月,日代替原有對象中的屬性。(原有對象仍保持不變)
# d1.timetuple():返回日期對應的time.struct_time對象;
# d1.weekday():返回weekday,如果是星期一,返回0;如果是星期2,返回1,以此類推;
# d1.isoweekday():返回weekday,如果是星期一,返回1;如果是星期2,返回2,以此類推;
# d1.isocalendar():返回格式如(year,month,day)的元組;
# d1.isoformat():返回格式如'YYYY-MM-DD’的字符串;
# d1.strftime(fmt):和time模塊format相同。
now = date(2019,12,1)
tomorrow = now.replace(day=2)
print('now date = {}'.format(now))#now date = 2019-12-01
print('tomorrow date = {}'.format(tomorrow)) # tomorrow date = 2019-12-02
print('timetuple = {}'.format(now.timetuple()))
print('weekday = {}'.format(now.weekday()))
print('isoweekday = {}'.format(now.isoweekday()))
print('isocalendar = {}'.format(now.isocalendar()))
print('isoformat = {}'.format(now.isoformat()))
print('strftime = {}'.format(now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')))
#now date = 2019-12-01
# tomorrow date = 2019-12-02
# timetuple = time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=1, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=335, tm_isdst=-1)
# weekday = 6
# isoweekday = 7
# isocalendar = (2019, 48, 7)
# isoformat = 2019-12-01
# strftime = 2019-12-01
if __name__ == '__main__':
static_method_and_attribute()
dynamic_method_and_attribute()
二、time類
datetime.time(hour[ , minute[ , second[ , microsecond[ , tzinfo] ] ] ] )
# encoding: utf-8
"""
@author: sunxianpeng
@file: time_test.py
@time: 2019/12/1 17:02
"""
from datetime import time
def static_method_and_attribute():
print('#####################靜態方法和屬性######################')
# time.min、time.max:time類所能表示的最小、最大時間。其中,time.min = time(0, 0, 0, 0), time.max = time(23, 59, 59, 999999);
# time.resolution:時間的最小單位,這裏是1微秒;
print('time max = {}'.format(time.max))
print('time min = {}'.format(time.min))
print('time resolution = {}'.format(time.resolution))
#time max = 23:59:59.999999
# time min = 00:00:00
# time resolution = 0:00:00.000001
def dynamic_method_and_attribute():
print('#####################動態方法和屬性######################')
# t1 = datetime.time(10, 23, 15) # time對象
# t1.hour、t1.minute、t1.second、t1.microsecond:時、分、秒、微秒;
# t1.tzinfo:時區信息;
# t1.replace([hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]] ):創建一個新的時間對象,用參數指定的時、分、秒、微秒代替原有對象中的屬性(原有對象仍保持不變);
# t1.isoformat():返回型如
# "HH:MM:SS"
# 格式的字符串表示;
# t1.strftime(fmt):同time模塊中的format;
t1 = time(16,23,15)
t2 = t1.replace(hour=23)
print('t1 = {}'.format(t1))
print('hout= {},minute ={},second ={},microsecond={}'.format(t1.hour,t1.minute,t1.second,t1.microsecond))
print('t2 = {}'.format(t2))
print('isoformat = {}'.format(t1.isoformat()))
print('strftime = {}'.format(t1.strftime('%X')))
# t1 = 16:23: 15
# hout = 16, minute = 23, second = 15, microsecond = 0
# t2 = 23:23: 15
# isoformat = 16:23: 15
# strftime = 16:23: 15
if __name__ == '__main__':
static_method_and_attribute()
dynamic_method_and_attribute()
三、datetime類
datetime相當於date和time結合起來。
datetime.datetime (year, month, day[ , hour[ , minute[ , second[ , microsecond[ , tzinfo] ] ] ] ] )
# encoding: utf-8
"""
@author: sunxianpeng
@file: datetime_test.py
@time: 2019/12/1 17:12
"""
import time
from datetime import datetime
def static_method_and_attribute():
print('#####################靜態方法和屬性######################')
# datetime.today():返回一個表示當前本地時間的datetime對象;
# datetime.now([tz]):返回一個表示當前本地時間的datetime對象,如果提供了參數tz,則獲取tz參數所指時區的本地時間;
# datetime.utcnow():返回一個當前utc時間的datetime對象; # 格林威治時間
# datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp[, tz]):根據時間戮創建一個datetime對象,參數tz指定時區信息;
# datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp):根據時間戮創建一個datetime對象;
# datetime.combine(date, time):根據date和time,創建一個datetime對象;
# datetime.strptime(date_string, format):將格式字符串轉換爲datetime對象;
print('datetime.max = {}'.format(datetime.max))
print('datetime.min = {}'.format(datetime.min))
print('datetime.resolution = {}'.format(datetime.resolution))
print('datetime.today() = {}'.format(datetime.today()))
print('datetime.now() = {}'.format(datetime.now()))
print('datetime.utcnow() = {}'.format(datetime.utcnow()))
print('datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time()) = {}'.format(datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time())))
print('datetime.utcfromtimestamp(time.time()) = {}'.format(datetime.utcfromtimestamp(time.time())))
# datetime.max = 9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999
# datetime.min = 0001-01-01 00:00:00
# datetime.resolution = 0:00:00.000001
# datetime.today() = 2019-12-01 17:16:01.729000
# datetime.now() = 2019-12-01 17:16:01.729000
# datetime.utcnow() = 2019-12-01 09:16:01.729000
# datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time()) = 2019-12-01 17:16:01.729000
# datetime.utcfromtimestamp(time.time()) = 2019-12-01 09:16:01.729000
def dynamic_method_and_attribute():
print('#####################動態方法和屬性######################')
# dt = datetime.now() # datetime對象
# dt.year、month、day、hour、minute、second、microsecond、tzinfo:
# dt.date():獲取date對象;
# dt.time():獲取time對象;
# dt.replace([year[, month[, day[, hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]]]]]):
# dt.timetuple()
# dt.utctimetuple()
# dt.toordinal()
# dt.weekday()
# dt.isocalendar()
# dt.isoformat([sep])
# dt.ctime():返回一個日期時間的C格式字符串,等效於time.ctime(time.mktime(dt.timetuple()));
# dt.strftime(format)
dt = datetime.now()
dt2 = dt.replace(year=2020)
print('dt = {}'.format(dt))
print('year={},month={},day={},hour={},minute={},second={},microsecond={},tzinfo={}'.format(
dt.year,dt.month,dt.day,dt.hour,dt.minute,dt.second,dt.microsecond,dt.tzinfo
))
print('dt date = {}'.format(dt.date()))
print('dt.time = {}'.format(dt.time()))
print('dt2 = {}'.format(dt2))
print('dt.timetuple = {}'.format(dt.timetuple()))
print('dt.utctimetuple() = {}')
print('dt.toordinal() = {}')
print('dt.weekday() = {}')
print('dt.isocalendar() = {}')
print('dt.isoformat() = {}')
print('dt.ctime() = {}')
print('dt.strftime() = {}')
#dt = 2019-12-01 17:26:34.147000
# year=2019,month=12,day=1,hour=17,minute=26,second=34,microsecond=147000,tzinfo=None
# dt date = 2019-12-01
# dt.time = 17:26:34.147000
# dt2 = 2020-12-01 17:26:34.147000
# dt.timetuple = time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=1, tm_hour=17, tm_min=26, tm_sec=34, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=335, tm_isdst=-1)
# dt.utctimetuple() = {}
# dt.toordinal() = {}
# dt.weekday() = {}
# dt.isocalendar() = {}
# dt.isoformat() = {}
# dt.ctime() = {}
# dt.strftime() = {}
if __name__ == '__main__':
static_method_and_attribute()
dynamic_method_and_attribute()
四、timedelta類,時間加減
使用timedelta可以很方便的在日期上做天days,小時hour,分鐘,秒,毫秒,微妙的時間計算,如果要計算月份則需要另外的辦法。
# encoding: utf-8
"""
@author: sunxianpeng
@file: timedelta.py
@time: 2019/12/1 17:27
"""
from datetime import datetime
from datetime import timedelta
def datetime_add_or_minus():
dt = datetime.now()
# 天數減一天
dt_minus_1 = dt + timedelta(days=-1)
dt_minus_2 = dt - timedelta(days=1)
#計算兩個日期的差值
diff = dt - dt_minus_1
print('dt = {}'.format(dt))
print('dt_minus_1 = {}'.format(dt_minus_1))
print('dt_minus_2 = {}'.format(dt_minus_2))
print('diff = {}'.format(diff))
print('diff days = {}'.format(diff.days))
print('diff total_seconds = {}'.format(diff.total_seconds()))
#dt = 2019-12-01 17:33:58.560000
# dt_minus_1 = 2019-11-30 17:33:58.560000
# dt_minus_2 = 2019-11-30 17:33:58.560000
# diff = 1 day, 0:00:00
# diff days = 1
# diff total_seconds = 86400.0
if __name__ == '__main__':
datetime_add_or_minus()
五、tzinfo時區類
# encoding: utf-8
"""
@author: sunxianpeng
@file: tzinfo.py
@time: 2019/12/1 17:35
"""
from datetime import datetime,timedelta,tzinfo
class UTC(tzinfo):
def __init__(self,offset=0):
self._offset = offset
def utcoffset(self,dt):
return timedelta(hours=self._offset)
def tzname(self,dt):
return "UTC +%s" % self._offset
def dst(self, dt):
return timedelta(hours=self._offset)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 北京時間
beijing = datetime(2011, 11, 11, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC(8))
print("beijing time:", beijing)
# 曼谷時間
bangkok = datetime(2011, 11, 11, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC(7))
print("bangkok time", bangkok)
# 北京時間轉成曼谷時間
print("beijing-time to bangkok-time:", beijing.astimezone(UTC(7)))
# 計算時間差時也會考慮時區的問題
timespan = beijing - bangkok
print("時差:", timespan)
#beijing time: 2011-11-11 00:00:00+08:00
# bangkok time 2011-11-11 00:00:00+07:00
# beijing-time to bangkok-time: 2011-11-10 23:00:00+07:00
# 時差: -1 day, 23:00:00