Installation Guide 10g Release 2 (10.2) for Linux x86
Logging In to the System as root
1) xhost fully_qualified_remote_host_name
設置圖形界面是否啓動連接限制：xhost + IP
以我的電腦爲例 xhost + 10.11.98.156，表示允許10.11.98.156的客戶端可以通過圖形工具連接到服務器上。
Xhost – 表示啓動連接限制。
Checking the Hardware Requirements
1) 至少1024M物理內存 grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
2) Swap space space要求如下 grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
|
RAM |
SWAP SPACE |
|
1024M~2048M |
1.5 times the size of RAM |
|
2048M~8192M |
Equal the size of RAM |
|
8192M~more |
0.75 times the size of RAM |
3) /tmp 大於400M df –k /tmp
4) 1.5G~3.5的空間安裝oracle數據庫軟件
5) 1.2G的空間用來存放數據庫preconfig的文件
6) 確認系統架構是否符合oracle軟件
grep “model name” /proc/cpuinfo
Checking the Software Requirements
1) 操作系統版本：
■ Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 3.0 (Update 4 or later)
■ Red Hat Linux 4.0
■ SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0 with SP 2 or later
■ Asianux 1.0
■ Asianux 2.0
2) Kernel version：
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0 and Asianux 1.0:2.4.21-27.EL
Note: This is the default kernel version.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 and Asianux 2.0:2.6.9-5.EL
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0:2.6.5-7.201
3) Packages:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0 and Asianux 1.0:
make-3.79.1
gcc-3.2.3-34
glibc-2.3.2-95.20
compat-db-4.0.14-5
compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128
compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128
compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128
compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128
openmotif21-2.1.30-8
setarch-1.3-1
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 and Asianux 2.0:
binutils-2.15.92.0.2-13.EL4
compat-db-4.1.25-9
compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-132.7.2
control-center-2.8.0-12
gcc-3.4.3-22.1.EL4
gcc-c++-3.4.3-22.1.EL44
glibc-2.3.4-2.9
glibc-common-2.3.4-2.9
gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1
libstdc++-3.4.3-22.1
libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-22.1
make-3.80-5
pdksh-5.2.14-30
sysstat-5.0.5-1
xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2
setarch-1.6-1
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9:
binutils-2.15.90.0.1.1-32.5
gcc-3.3.3-43.24
gcc-c++-3.3.3-43.24
glibc-2.3.3-98.28
gnome-libs-1.4.1.7-671.1
libstdc++-3.3.3-43.24
libstdc++-devel-3.3.3-43.24
make-3.80-184.1
pdksh-5.2.14-780.1
sysstat-5.0.1-35.1
xscreensaver-4.16-2.6
4) 驗證內核是否符合要求
uname –r
5) 驗證是否存在軟件包
rpm –qa|grep packagename
Checking the Network Setup
主要是查看hostname,domainname,是否使用DHCP和DNS
查看/etc/hosts文件如下
192.168.100.16 myhost.us.mycompany.com myhost
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain
Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users
1) /user/sbin/groupadd oinstall
2) /user/sbin/groupadd dba
3) /user/sbin/groupadd oper
4) /user/sbin/useradd –g oinstall –G dba oracle
5) id nobody
/user/sbin/useradd nobody
Configuring Kernel Parameters
查看內核參數是否符合下面的信息（大於或者等於）
|
Prameter |
Value |
File |
|
semmsl semmns semopm semmni |
250 32000 100 128 |
/proc/sys/kernel/sem |
|
shmall |
2097152 |
/proc/sys/kernel/shmall |
|
shmmax |
Half the size of physical memory (in bytes) |
/proc/sys/kernel/shmmax |
|
shmmni |
4096 |
/proc/sys/kernel/shmmni |
|
file-max |
65536 |
/proc/sys/fs/file-max |
|
ip_local_port_range |
Minimum:1024 Maximum: 65000 |
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range |
|
rmem_default |
1048576 |
/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default |
|
rmem_max |
1048576 |
/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max |
|
wmem_default |
262144 |
/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default |
|
wmem_max |
262144 |
/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max |
1) 通過使用/sbin/sysctl –a |grep Prameter來確認系統當中的內核參數
2) 編輯/etc/sysctl.conf文件，在後面添加
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 1048576
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
通過/sbin/sysctl –p啓用參數
3) 編輯/etc/security/limits.conf文件，在後面添加
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
4) 編輯/etc/pam.d/login文件，在後面添加：
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
5) 編輯oracle用戶的默認shell，編輯/etc/profile文件，添加：
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
Identifying Required Software Directories
1) 遵循OFA(optimal flexible architecture)的原則
設置ORACLE_BASE爲/mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner
mount_point is the mount point directory for the file system that will contain the
Oracle software.
The examples in this guide use /u01 for the mount point directory. However, you
could choose another mount point directory, such as /oracle or /opt/oracle.
oracle_sw_owner is the operating system user name of the Oracle software
owner, for example oracle.
2) 設置ORACLE_HOME目錄爲oracle_base/product/10.2.0/db_1
3) 如果只包含oracle_base目錄則要空間至少爲3G，如果oracle_base目錄當中還包括數據文件，則至少爲4G空間。
# mkdir -p /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner
# chmod -R 775 /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner
實例：mkdir –p /u01/app/oracle
chown –R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle oracle
chmod –R 775 /u01/app/oracle
Identifying or Creating an Oracle Base Directory
Choosing a Storage Option for Oracle Database and Recovery Files
空間至少爲2G
Creating Directories for Oracle Database or Recovery Files
Preparing Disk Groups for an Automatic Storage Management Installation
1) 安裝ASM library driver software
Ø 查看系統的內核參數 uname –rm
Ø 訪問http://www.oracle.com/technology/tech/linux/asmlib/index.html
Ø 下載相應的ASM補丁
oracleasm-support-version.arch.rpm
oracleasm-kernel-version.arch.rpm
oracleasmlib-version.arch.rpm
rpm –ivh XXX安裝好系統補丁
2) /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure添加相應用戶名信息和是否驅動開機啓動
3) 設置ASM磁盤
Ø /sbin/fdisk –l
Ø /sbin/fdisk diskpath設置磁盤分區
Ø # /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK1 /dev/sdb1添加ASM磁盤
Configuring Raw Partitions or Raw Logical Volumes
1) 確認磁盤是否已經綁定爲裸設備
/usr/bin/raw –qa
2) 編輯/etc/sysconfig/rawdevices文件進行裸設備綁定
實例：/dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdb1
3) 設置裸設備的所有者和權限
# chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/rawn
# chmod 660 /dev/raw/rawn
4) 啓動rawdevices服務進行裸設備的綁定工作：
# /sbin/service rawdevices restart
Stopping Existing Oracle Processes
Configuring the oracle User’s Environment
編輯~/.bash_profile文件，設置用戶的環境變量，主要包括TMP,TMPDIR,ORACLE_BASE,ORACLE_HOME，NLS_LANG,UMASK
實例（僅供參考，好多參數不完整）：
export PATH
unset USERNAME
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle;
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm;
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export CRS_HOME=/oracle/product/crs
export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/product/database
export ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls_admin/data
export PATH=$CRS_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID=linux02