所有接觸過網絡編程的,都會被告之:udp傳輸的是數據報,tcp傳輸的是流。但是數據報和流到底有什麼不同,怎麼測試他們的不同呢?今天的這個小程序能很好的解釋這個問題。
udp server
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
struct sockaddr_in s_addr;
struct sockaddr_in c_addr;
int sock;
socklen_t addr_len;
int len;
char buff[128];
if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(errno);
}
memset(&s_addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
s_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
if (argv[2])
s_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
else
s_addr.sin_port = htons(7838);
if (argv[1])
s_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
else
s_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
if ((bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &s_addr, sizeof(s_addr))) == -1) {
perror("bind");
exit(errno);
}
addr_len = sizeof(c_addr);
while (1) {//接收client發送的數據並打印到屏幕
len = recvfrom(sock, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, 0,
(struct sockaddr *) &c_addr, &addr_len);
if (len < 0) {
perror("recvfrom");
exit(errno);
}
buff[len] = '\0';
printf("recv from: %s:%d message: %s\n", inet_ntoa(c_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(c_addr.sin_port), buff);
}
return 0;
}
udp client
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
struct sockaddr_in d_addr;
int sock;
int addr_len;
int len, i;
char buff[3] = {'a', 'b', 'c'};//要發送的字符
if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(errno);
}
d_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
if (argv[2])
d_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
else
d_addr.sin_port = htons(7838);
if (argv[1])
d_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
else {
printf("reciver's ip must be set\n");
exit(0);
}
addr_len = sizeof(d_addr);
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(buff); i++)//分3次,每次發送一個字符
{
len = sendto(sock, &buff[i], 1, 0,
(struct sockaddr *) &d_addr, addr_len);
if (len < 0) {
printf("send error.\n");
return -1;
}
}
printf("complete.\n");
return 0;
}
tcp server
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
struct sockaddr_in s_addr;
struct sockaddr_in c_addr;
int sock, new_sock;
socklen_t addr_len;
int len;
char buff[128];
if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(errno);
}
memset(&s_addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
s_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
if (argv[2])
s_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
else
s_addr.sin_port = htons(7838);
if (argv[1])
s_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
else
s_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
if ((bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &s_addr, sizeof(s_addr))) == -1) {
perror("bind");
exit(errno);
}
if (listen(sock, 3) < 0)
{
perror("listen");
exit(errno);
}
addr_len = sizeof(c_addr);
while (1) {//接收client端發送過來的數據,並打印到終端
new_sock = accept(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&c_addr, &addr_len);
if (new_sock == -1)
{
perror("accept");
exit(errno);
}
memset(buff, 0, sizeof(buff));
len = recv(new_sock, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, 0);
if (len < 0) {
perror("recv");
exit(errno);
}
buff[len] = '\0';
printf("recv from: %s:%d message: %s\n", inet_ntoa(c_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(c_addr.sin_port), buff);
}
return 0;
}
tcp client
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
struct sockaddr_in d_addr;
int sock;
int addr_len;
int len, i;
char buff[3] = {'a', 'b', 'c'};
if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) {
perror("socket");
exit(errno);
}
d_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
if (argv[2])
d_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
else
d_addr.sin_port = htons(7838);
if (argv[1])
d_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
else {
printf("reciver's ip must be set\n");
exit(0);
}
addr_len = sizeof(d_addr);
if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &d_addr, addr_len) != 0) {
perror("Connect ");
exit(errno);
}
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(buff); i++)//分3次發送,每次發送一個字符
{
len = send(sock, &buff[i], 1, 0);
if (len < 0) {
printf("send error.\n");
return -1;
}
}
printf("complete.\n");
return 0;
}
執行結果:
udp:
$ ./udp_server 192.168.7.130 5678
recv from: 192.168.7.145:37102 message: a
recv from: 192.168.7.145:37102 message: b
recv from: 192.168.7.145:37102 message: c
tcp:
$ ./tcp_server 192.168.7.130 5678
recv from: 192.168.7.145:43973 message: abc
從上面的執行結果可以看到,udp每次接收到的是一個字符,而tcp則是組成了一個字符串,提供出來。這就所謂的udp數據報,和tcp流的區別。形成這樣的原因是,在kernel中,udp數據有結束標誌,可以知道這個數據包有多少數據,但是tcp則沒有,所以調用recv獲取的時候,就會將kernel接收到的數據全部copy過來。