C/C++ 运算符优先级

优先级

运算符

名称或含义

使用形式

结合方向

说明

1

[]

数组下标

数组名[常量表达式]

左到右

 

()

圆括号

(表达式)/函数名(形参表)

 

.

成员选择(对象)

对象.成员名

 

->

成员选择(指针)

对象指针->成员名

 

2

-

负号运算符

-表达式

右到左

单目运算符

(类型)

强制类型转换

(数据类型)表达式

 

++

自增运算符

++变量名/变量名++

单目运算符

--

自减运算符

--变量名/变量名--

单目运算符

*

取值运算符

*指针变量

单目运算符

&

取地址运算符

&变量名

单目运算符

!

逻辑非运算符

!表达式

单目运算符

~

按位取反运算符

~表达式

单目运算符

sizeof

长度运算符

sizeof(表达式)

 

3

/

表达式/表达式

左到右

双目运算符

*

表达式*表达式

双目运算符

%

余数(取模)

整型表达式/整型表达式

双目运算符

4

+

表达式+表达式

左到右

双目运算符

-

表达式-表达式

双目运算符

5

<<

左移

变量<<表达式

左到右

双目运算符

>>

右移

变量>>表达式

双目运算符

6

>

大于

表达式>表达式

左到右

双目运算符

>=

大于等于

表达式>=表达式

双目运算符

<

小于

表达式<表达式

双目运算符

<=

小于等于

表达式<=表达式

双目运算符

7

==

等于

表达式==表达式

左到右

双目运算符

!=

不等于

表达式!= 表达式

双目运算符

8

&

按位与

表达式&表达式

左到右

双目运算符

9

^

按位异或

表达式^表达式

左到右

双目运算符

10

|

按位或

表达式|表达式

左到右

双目运算符

11

&&

逻辑与

表达式&&表达式

左到右

双目运算符

12

||

逻辑或

表达式||表达式

左到右

双目运算符

13

?:

条件运算符

表达式1? 表达式2: 表达式3

右到左

三目运算符

14

=

赋值运算符

变量=表达式

右到左

 

/=

除后赋值

变量/=表达式

 

*=

乘后赋值

变量*=表达式

 

%=

取模后赋值

变量%=表达式

 

+=

加后赋值

变量+=表达式

 

-=

减后赋值

变量-=表达式

 

<<=

左移后赋值

变量<<=表达式

 

>>=

右移后赋值

变量>>=表达式

 

&=

按位与后赋值

变量&=表达式

 

^=

按位异或后赋值

变量^=表达式

 

|=

按位或后赋值

变量|=表达式

 

15

,

逗号运算符

表达式,表达式,…

左到右

从左向右顺序运算


C++运算符优先级

Operator Description Example Overloadable
Group 1 (no associativity)
:: Scope resolution operator Class::age = 2; NO
Group 2
() Function call isdigit('1') YES
() Member initalization c_tor(int x, int y) : _x(x), _y(y*10){}; YES
[] Array access array[4] = 2; YES
-> Member access from a pointer ptr->age = 34; YES
. Member access from an object obj.age = 34; NO
++ Post-increment for( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) cout << i; YES
-- Post-decrement for( int i = 10; i > 0; i-- ) cout << i; YES
const_cast Special cast const_cast<type_to>(type_from); NO
dynamic_cast Special cast dynamic_cast<type_to>(type_from); NO
static_cast Special cast static_cast<type_to>(type_from); NO
reinterpret_cast Special cast reinterpret_cast<type_to>(type_from); NO
typeid Runtime type information cout &laquo; typeid(var).name(); 
cout &laquo; typeid(type).name();
NO
Group 3 (right-to-left associativity)
! Logical negation if( !done ) … YES
not Alternate spelling for !
~ Bitwise complement flags = ~flags; YES
compl Alternate spelling for ~
++ Pre-increment for( i = 0; i < 10; ++i ) cout << i; YES
-- Pre-decrement for( i = 10; i > 0; --i ) cout << i; YES
- Unary minus int i = -1; YES
+ Unary plus int i = +1; YES
* Dereference int data = *intPtr; YES
& Address of int *intPtr = &data; YES
new Dynamic memory allocation long *pVar = new long; 
MyClass *ptr = new MyClass(args);
YES
new [] Dynamic memory allocation of array long *array = new long[n]; YES
delete Deallocating the memory delete pVar; YES
delete [] Deallocating the memory of array delete [] array; YES
(type) Cast to a given type int i = (int) floatNum; YES
sizeof Return size of an object or type int size = sizeof floatNum; 
int size = sizeof(float);
NO
Group 4
->* Member pointer selector ptr->*var = 24; YES
.* Member object selector obj.*var = 24; NO
Group 5
* Multiplication int i = 2 * 4; YES
/ Division float f = 10.0 / 3.0; YES
% Modulus int rem = 4 % 3; YES
Group 6
+ Addition int i = 2 + 3; YES
- Subtraction int i = 5 - 1; YES
Group 7
<< Bitwise shift left int flags = 33 << 1; YES
>> Bitwise shift right int flags = 33 >> 1; YES
Group 8
< Comparison less-than if( i < 42 ) … YES
<= Comparison less-than-or-equal-to if( i <= 42 ) ... YES
> Comparison greater-than if( i > 42 ) … YES
>= Comparison greater-than-or-equal-to if( i >= 42 ) ... YES
Group 9
== Comparison equal-to if( i == 42 ) ... YES
eq Alternate spelling for ==
!= Comparison not-equal-to if( i != 42 ) … YES
not_eq Alternate spelling for !=
Group 10
& Bitwise AND flags = flags & 42; YES
bitand Alternate spelling for &
Group 11
^ Bitwise exclusive OR (XOR) flags = flags ^ 42; YES
xor Alternate spelling for ^
Group 12
| Bitwise inclusive (normal) OR flags = flags | 42; YES
bitor Alternate spelling for |
Group 13
&& Logical AND if( conditionA && conditionB ) … YES
and Alternate spelling for &&
Group 14
|| Logical OR if( conditionA || conditionB ) ... YES
or Alternate spelling for ||
Group 15 (right-to-left associativity)
? : Ternary conditional (if-then-else) int i = (a > b) ? a : b; NO
Group 16 (right-to-left associativity)
= Assignment operator int a = b; YES
+= Increment and assign a += 3; YES
-= Decrement and assign b -= 4; YES
*= Multiply and assign a *= 5; YES
/= Divide and assign a /= 2; YES
%= Modulo and assign a %= 3; YES
&= Bitwise AND and assign flags &= new_flags; YES
and_eq Alternate spelling for &=
^= Bitwise exclusive or (XOR) and assign flags ^= new_flags; YES
xor_eq Alternate spelling for ^=
|= Bitwise normal OR and assign flags |= new_flags; YES
or_eq Alternate spelling for |=
<<= Bitwise shift left and assign flags <<= 2; YES
>>= Bitwise shift right and assign flags >>= 2; YES
Group 17
throw throw exception throw EClass(“Message”); NO
Group 18
, Sequential evaluation operator for( i = 0, j = 0; i < 10; i++, j++ ) … YES

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