android異步加載圖片

1)由於android UI更新支持單一線程原則,所以從網絡上取數據並更新到界面上,爲了不阻塞主線程, 在主線程中new 一個Handler對象,

加載圖像方法如下所示:

    private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {
         handler.post(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    Drawable drawable = null;
                    try {
                        drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                    }
                    ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
                }
            });
    }

上面這個方法的缺點,加載多個圖片時,不能實現異步加載,而是等到所有的圖片都加載完才一起顯示,因爲它們都運行在一個線程中。

2)在主線程中new 一個Handler對象,代碼如下:

   final Handler handler2=new Handler(){
          @Override
          public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
             ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);
          }
      };

    對應加載圖像代碼如下:

  //採用handler+Thread模式實現多線程異步加載

     private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {
         Thread thread = new Thread(){
             @Override
             public void run() {
               Drawable drawable = null;
                    try {
                        drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                    }
                Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ;
                 message.arg1 = id;
                 message.obj = drawable;
                 handler2.sendMessage(message);
             }
         };
         thread.start();
         thread = null;
    }

這樣就簡單實現了異步加載了。細想一下,還可以優化的,比如引入線程池、引入緩存等,我們先介紹線程池。

3)引入ExecutorService接口,於是代碼可以優化如下:

       在主線程中加入:private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);   

       對應加載圖像方法更改如下:

      // 引入線程池來管理多線程

    private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {
        executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
                    handler.post(new Runnable() {
                        public void run() {
                            ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
                        }
                    });
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        });
    }

4)爲了更方便使用我們可以將異步加載圖像方法封裝一個類,對外界只暴露一個方法即可,考慮到效率問題我們可以引入內存緩存機制,做法是

建立一個HashMap,其鍵(key)爲加載圖像url,其值(value)是圖像對象Drawable。先看一下我們封裝的類

public class AsyncImageLoader3 {
   //爲了加快速度,在內存中開啓緩存(主要應用於重複圖片較多時,或者同一個圖片要多次被訪問,比如在ListView時來回滾動)
    public Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
    private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);    //固定五個線程來執行任務
    private final Handler handler=new Handler();
     /**
     *
     * @param imageUrl     圖像url地址
     * @param callback     回調接口
     * @return     返回內存中緩存的圖像,第一次加載返回null
     */
    public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {
        //如果緩存過就從緩存中取出數據
        if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
            SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
            if (softReference.get() != null) {
                return softReference.get();
            }
        }
        //緩存中沒有圖像,則從網絡上取出數據,並將取出的數據緩存到內存中
         executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png");
                    imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
                    handler.post(new Runnable() {
                        public void run() {
                           callback.imageLoaded(drawable);
                        }
                    });
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        });
        return null;
    }
     //從網絡上取數據方法
    protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {
        try {
            return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
    //對外界開放的回調接口
    public interface ImageCallback {
        //注意 此方法是用來設置目標對象的圖像資源
        public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);
    }
}

 這樣封裝好後使用起來就方便多了。在主線程中首先要引入AsyncImageLoader3 對象,然後直接調用其loadDrawable方法即可,需要注意的是ImageCallback接口的imageLoaded方法是唯一可以把加載的圖 像設置到目標ImageView或其相關的組件上。

在主線程調用代碼:

  先實例化對象 private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();

  調用異步加載方法:

//引入線程池,並引入內存緩存功能,並對外部調用封裝了接口,簡化調用過程
    private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {
          //如果緩存過就會從緩存中取出圖像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不會被執行
         Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {
             //請參見實現:如果第一次加載url時下面方法會執行
             public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
               ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
             }
         });
        if(cacheImage!=null){
          ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
        }
    }

5)同理,下面也給出採用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+內存緩存代碼,原則同(4),只是把線程池換成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代碼如下:

public class AsyncImageLoader {
   //爲了加快速度,加入了緩存(主要應用於重複圖片較多時,或者同一個圖片要多次被訪問,比如在ListView時來回滾動)
    private Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
     /**
     *
     * @param imageUrl     圖像url地址
     * @param callback     回調接口
     * @return     返回內存中緩存的圖像,第一次加載返回null
     */
    public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {
        //如果緩存過就從緩存中取出數據
        if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
            SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
            if (softReference.get() != null) {
                return softReference.get();
            }
        }
        final Handler handler = new Handler() {
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) msg.obj);
            }
        };
        new Thread() {
            public void run() {
                Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
                imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
                handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable));
            }
        }.start();
        /*
        下面註釋的這段代碼是Handler的一種代替方法
         */
//        new AsyncTask() {
//            @Override
//            protected Drawable doInBackground(Object... objects) {
//                  Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
//                imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
//                return  drawable;
//            }
//
//            @Override
//            protected void onPostExecute(Object o) {
//                  callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) o);
//            }
//        }.execute();
        return null;
    }
    protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {
        try {
            return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "src");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
    //對外界開放的回調接口
    public interface ImageCallback {
        public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);
    }
}

至此,異步加載就介紹完了,下面給出的代碼爲測試用的完整代碼:

import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import com.bshark.supertelphone.R;
import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader;
import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader3;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class LazyLoadImageActivity extends Activity {
       final Handler handler=new Handler();
      final Handler handler2=new Handler(){
          @Override
          public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
             ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);
          }
      };
 private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);    //固定五個線程來執行任務
    private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader();
    private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();
 @Override
 public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.main);
  
//  loadImage("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
//  loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
//  loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
//        loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
//  loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
        loadImage2("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
  loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
  loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
        loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
  loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
//        loadImage3("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
//  loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
//  loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
//        loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
//  loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
//        loadImage4("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
//  loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
//  loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
//        loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
//  loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
//        loadImage5("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
//        //爲了測試緩存而模擬的網絡延時
//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
//  loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
//  loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
//        loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
//  loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
//         loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
 }
 @Override
 protected void onDestroy() {
  executorService.shutdown();
  super.onDestroy();
 }
    //線程加載圖像基本原理
    private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {
         handler.post(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    Drawable drawable = null;
                    try {
                        drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                    }
                    ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
                }
            });
    }
     //採用handler+Thread模式實現多線程異步加載
     private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {
         Thread thread = new Thread(){
             @Override
             public void run() {
               Drawable drawable = null;
                    try {
                        drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                    }
                Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ;
                 message.arg1 = id;
                 message.obj = drawable;
                 handler2.sendMessage(message);
             }
         };
         thread.start();
         thread = null;
    }
    // 引入線程池來管理多線程
    private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {
        executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
                    handler.post(new Runnable() {
                        public void run() {
                            ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
                        }
                    });
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        });
    }
    //引入線程池,並引入內存緩存功能,並對外部調用封裝了接口,簡化調用過程
    private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {
          //如果緩存過就會從緩存中取出圖像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不會被執行
         Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {
             //請參見實現:如果第一次加載url時下面方法會執行
             public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
               ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
             }
         });
        if(cacheImage!=null){
          ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
        }
    }
    //採用Handler+Thread+封裝外部接口
    private void loadImage5(final String url, final int id) {
          //如果緩存過就會從緩存中取出圖像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不會被執行
         Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader3.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader3.ImageCallback() {
             //請參見實現:如果第一次加載url時下面方法會執行
             public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
               ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
             }
         });
        if(cacheImage!=null){
                    ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
        }
    }

}

xml文件大致如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
              android:layout_width="fill_parent"
              android:orientation="vertical"
              android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
  <ImageView android:id="@+id/image1" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
   <ImageView android:id="@+id/image2" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
    <ImageView android:id="@+id/image3" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
    <ImageView android:id="@+id/image5" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
    <ImageView android:id="@+id/image4" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
</LinearLayout>

 來源:http://blog.csdn.net/sgl870927/article/details/6285535

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