Java---學習（3）

        我們這節看下怎麼創建spring MVC項目，通過MAVEN來創建項目，Spring MVC項目的創建需要引用第三方的組件，包括Spring-MVC,配置Tomact服務器等。

      1.Spring MVC項目創建

        打開esclipse,選擇菜單 File–>New–Project，選擇maven，創建項目，如下圖

       

        點擊下一步，選擇創建目錄

       

       點擊下一步

      

       點擊下一步,輸入項目名稱，GroupId表示項目的組織名稱，Artifact Id表示項目名稱，一個GroupId下面可以有多個項目

      

        點擊完成後，項目創建成功，目錄結構如下圖

      

       默認情況下 src/main/Java目錄結構可能不存在，可以通過New–>Source Folder創建，

       如果創建不成功，右鍵選中項目–屬性，找到java-bulid-path面板，選擇Source選項卡，如果選項卡中已經存在，並且顯示紅色叉號，可以先刪除，然後就可以創建了。

       如下圖：

         

        2.項目文件配置

          POM.XML文件

          POM.XML文件是MAVEN的項目管理文件，通過在文件中配置可以自動引用第三方jar包。我們創建Spring MVC,需要引用spring相關組件，我們可以添加如下 spring組件配置信息。如下:

       

<project xmlns=“http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0” xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”
  xsi:schemaLocation=“http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd”>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.springmvc</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvcfirst</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>springmvcfirst Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
<!– http servlet配置 –>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
  <!– spring mvc web組件配置 –>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
  <!– spring 組件配置 –>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>


    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>springmvcfirst</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.springmvc</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvcfirst</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>springmvcfirst Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
<!-- http servlet配置 -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
  <!-- spring mvc web組件配置 -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
  <!-- spring 組件配置 -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>


    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>springmvcfirst</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

            關於組件的配置信息，可以在 http://mvnrepository.com/這個地方搜索

 web.xml文件，web.xml是整個srping.mvc網站的全局配置文件，包括springmvc的配置,spring的具體配置，

       

<?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8”?>

<web-app xmlns=“http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee”
      xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”
      xsi:schemaLocation=”http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd”
      version=“3.1”>

  <display-name>Spring MvC First</display-name>
  <description>Spring MvC First</description>

   <!– Spring配置–>
         <context-param>
             <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
             <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
         </context-param>


  <!– 字符集 過濾器  –>
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

      <!– Spring監聽 –>
         <listener>
             <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
         </listener>


  <!– Spring view分發器 –>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <!– 請求後綴 –>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee 
      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
      version="3.1">

  <display-name>Spring MvC First</display-name>
  <description>Spring MvC First</description>

   <!-- Spring配置-->
         <context-param>
             <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
             <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
         </context-param>


  <!-- 字符集 過濾器  -->  
    <filter>  
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>  
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>  
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>  
            <param-value>true</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
    </filter>  
    <filter-mapping>  
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>  
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
    </filter-mapping>  

      <!-- Spring監聽 -->
         <listener>
             <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
         </listener>


  <!-- Spring view分發器 -->  
    <servlet>  
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>  
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  
    </servlet>  
    <!-- 請求後綴 -->
    <servlet-mapping>  
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>  
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>  
    </servlet-mapping>  
</web-app>

   dispatcher-servlet.xml文件是專門針對spring mvc的配置，裏面有對頁面路徑，後綴訪問的配置，改文件的名稱是有<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>  節點的值加上-servlet.xml組成.

 

<?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8”?>
<beans xmlns=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans”
       xmlns:aop=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop”
       xmlns:context=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/context”
       xmlns:mvc=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc”
       xmlns:tx=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx”
       xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”
       xsi:schemaLocation=”http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd”>

    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <context:component-scan base-package=“com.springfirst.Controller” />

  <!– ②：啓動Spring MVC的註解功能，完成請求和註解POJO的映射 –>
    <bean class=“org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter”/>

    <bean class=“org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver”>
        <property name=“prefix” value=“/WEB-INF/views/” />
        <property name=“suffix” value=“.jsp” />
    </bean>

</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"   
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"   
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"   
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"   
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">  

    <mvc:annotation-driven />  
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.springfirst.Controller" />  

  <!-- ②：啓動Spring MVC的註解功能，完成請求和註解POJO的映射 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">  
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />  
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />  
    </bean>  

</beans>  

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8”?>
<beans xmlns=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans”
    xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance” xmlns:context=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/context”
    xmlns:aop=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop” xmlns:p=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/p”
    xmlns:cache=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache” xmlns:repo=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository”
    xmlns:tx=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx” xmlns:jpa=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa”
    xsi:schemaLocation=”http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository/spring-repository-1.7.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd ”
    default-lazy-init=“true”>

    <description>Spring配置</description>



</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xmlns:repo="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/repository/spring-repository-1.7.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd "
    default-lazy-init="true">

    <description>Spring配置</description>



</beans>

      這幾個配置文件是spirng mvc的核心配置文件。以後我們需要增加更多配置可以在這幾個文件裏面添加。
       

    3.添加控制器和頁面

       控制器controller是對用戶處理請求的，控制器接受用戶的輸入並調用模型和視圖去完成用戶的需求，我們開看看怎樣添加控制器

       右鍵選中src/main/java,  new–>Class,如下圖

       

        代碼如下

       

package com.springfirst.Controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(“/Home”)
public class HomeController {

    @RequestMapping(value=“index”)
    public String Index()
    {
        System.out.print(“123”);
        return “index”;
    }
}

package com.springfirst.Controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/Home")
public class HomeController {

    @RequestMapping(value="index")
    public String Index()
    {
        System.out.print("123");
        return "index";
    }
}

      添加頁面，在WEB-INF文件夾下創建views文件夾，添加ndex.jsp頁面,,右鍵選中文件夾  new–>jsp..flle

<%@ page language=“java” contentType=“text/html; charset=UTF-8”
    pageEncoding=“UTF-8”%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC ”-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd”>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=“Content-Type” content=“text/html; charset=UTF-8”>
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
  Hello World,我的第一個spring mvc項目
</body>
</html>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
  Hello World,我的第一個spring mvc項目
</body>
</html>

   4.運行項目

          項目創建完成後，我們要看到預覽效果，這裏我們使用tomcat服務器運行頁面。首先去tomcat官網下載tomcat服務器，然後我們按如下步驟添加。

          找到菜單windows–>server->run environment,點擊add添加

          

                 

               添加完成後，在Servers,中添加tomcat服務器.如下圖

                 

   啓動服務器，右鍵選中服務器，點擊Start, 啓動，  然後在瀏覽器中輸入地址就可以

  http://localhost:8092/springmvcfirst/Home/index

   

   項目結構圖

   

代碼下載  http://download.csdn.net/detail/zx13525079024/9513659