觀察者模式

定義對象間的一種一對多的依賴關係，當一個對象的狀態發生改變時，所有依賴於它的對象都得到通知並被自動更新。
Subject :

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Subject {

   private List<Observer> observers 
      = new ArrayList<Observer>();
   private int state;

   public int getState() {
      return state;
   }

   public void setState(int state) {
      this.state = state;
      notifyAllObservers();
   }

   public void attach(Observer observer){
      observers.add(observer);        
   }

   public void notifyAllObservers(){
      for (Observer observer : observers) {
         observer.update();
      }
   }     
}

觀察者：

public abstract class Observer {
   protected Subject subject;
   public abstract void update();
}

public class BinaryObserver extends Observer{

   public BinaryObserver(Subject subject){
      this.subject = subject;
      this.subject.attach(this);
   }

   @Override
   public void update() {
      System.out.println( "Binary String: " 
      + Integer.toBinaryString( subject.getState() ) ); 
   }
}

public class OctalObserver extends Observer{

   public OctalObserver(Subject subject){
      this.subject = subject;
      this.subject.attach(this);
   }

   @Override
   public void update() {
     System.out.println( "Octal String: " 
     + Integer.toOctalString( subject.getState() ) ); 
   }
}

public class HexaObserver extends Observer{

   public HexaObserver(Subject subject){
      this.subject = subject;
      this.subject.attach(this);
   }

   @Override
   public void update() {
      System.out.println( "Hex String: " 
      + Integer.toHexString( subject.getState() ).toUpperCase() ); 
   }
}

測試：

public class ObserverPatternDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      Subject subject = new Subject();

      new HexaObserver(subject);
      new OctalObserver(subject);
      new BinaryObserver(subject);

      System.out.println("First state change: 15");    
      subject.setState(15);
      System.out.println("Second state change: 10");    
      subject.setState(10);
   }
}

subject 中包含觀察者的集合，subject ,狀態改變，就遍歷這個集合，觸發每個觀察者，觀察着中保存這subject ,觀察着subject 的狀態。