2002 66-70
A typical imperative language contains an applicative sub-language which approximate the mathematical abstractions of “timeless” function applied to “spaceless” values, where the acture operation sequences and use of storage space during expression evaluation are organized behind the scenes.
In this setting, values are data structures of low volume, typically a few computer words or less, which means that an illusion of spacelessness can be realized by having intermediate results during expression evaluation stored at the discretion of language implementation, and effecting parameter transmission and assignment operations through value copying.
詞彙:
imperative 命令的, 強制的
approximate 近似的,大約的
timeless 永恆的,時間無限的
spaceless 空間無限的
sequence 次序,序列
scene 場景,情景
illusion 幻想,幻覺
evaluation 估價,賦值
discretion 判斷力
at the discretion of sth/sb 當/任…自行處理
implementation 執行,(coding)編碼
assignment 分配,委派,指定
譯文
典型的指令型語言自身具有相應的下層操作語言，下層語言在後臺進行任務的組織和表達式求值過程中的空間分配，使得從上層看，程序似乎是在無限的存儲空間上進行無限時間的運算。
在這種情形下，數值一般組織成由幾個或者更少的計算器字(computer word)組成的底層數據結構。通過在表達式求值過程中緩衝中間結果的辦法，以及其它諸如在參數複製中採用值傳遞以及操作分割等辦法，來實現在上層看來空間無限的幻覺。
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2002 71-75
Most computer systems are vulnerable to two different groups of attacks: Insider attacks and outsider attacks. A system that is known to be secure to an outsider attack by preventing access from outside can still be vulnerable to the insider attacks accomplished by abusive usage of authorized users. Detecting such abusive usage as well as attacks by outside not only provides information on damage assessment, but also helps to prevent future attacks. These attacks are usually detected by tools referred to as Intrusion Detection Systems.
詞彙:
vulnerable 脆弱的,易受攻擊的
insider 內行,內部人員
outsider 外行,外部人員
abusive 濫用的,無節制的
authorized 經認定的,經授權的
detect 預防,察覺,檢測出
assessment 評估,估算
prevent 預防
intrusion 入侵,闖入
譯文:
大多數計算器系統在兩種類型攻擊下是脆弱的: 一種來自於內部人員，另一種來自於外部。儘管有些系統對於外部的攻擊具有良好的防禦能力，但是內部合法用戶的非法操作同樣會對系統造成破壞性攻擊。
對系統所受的內外攻擊進行檢測，不僅僅可以估算攻擊造成的傷害，更可以預防未來的攻擊。這些攻擊通常可以被一些工具檢測到，例如”入侵檢測系統”。
2001 29
MIMD system can be classified into throughput-oriented systems, high-availability systems and response-oriented systems. The goal of throughput-oriented multiprocessing is to obtain high throughput at minimal computing cost. The techniques employed by multiprocessor operating systems to achieve this goal take advantage of an inherent processing versus input/output balance in the workload to produce balanced and uniform loading of system resources.
詞彙:
throughput 生產量,吞吐量
orient 定向
response 響應,應答
employ 僱用,安置
take advantage of 利用
inherent 生來就有的,固有的
versus 對比,比較(縮寫爲VS, exp China VS Costa Rica)
balance 平衡,平穩,均衡
uniform 統一的,制服
resource 資源
譯文:
MIDM系統可以分類爲面向生產量系統，面向高性能系統和麪向響應系統。面向生產量多處理器系統的目的是耗費最小的處理成本來獲取最高的生產量。多處理器系統利用這樣的技術來達到上述目的: 用固定的過程替代I/O平衡機制，來使系統資源穩定和有組織。
2001 30
Soon, more of the information we receive via the Internet could come packaged in digital wrappers.
Wrappers are made up of software code that’s targeted to do specific things with the data enclosed within them, such as helping to define queries for search engines. They also keep outsiders from gaining access to that code.
詞彙:
via 經由,通過,通路
digital 數字式的,數字的
wrapper 包裝
digital wrapper 數字包裹
outsider 外界的
譯文:
很快，我們經由Internet收到的更多信息將以數字包裹的形式傳遞。
數字包裹是由軟件代碼組成的，目的在於利用封裝在裏面的數據來完成一些指定的任務，比如爲搜索引擎定義查詢內容等。同時，它們也拒絕外界對內部數據的非法訪問。
2000 14
Network managers have long awaited practical voice-over-IP(VOIP) solutions. VOIP promises ease network management and decreases costs by converging at a company’s telephony and data infrastructures into one network. And a VOIP solution implemented at a company’s headquarters with far-reaching branch offices can save tremendous amounts of money in long distance phone bill, provided that solution delivers POTS-like voice quality over the Internet.
詞彙:
practical 實際的,實踐的,實用的
converging 聚集,聚會
infrastructure 底層設施,基礎設施
implement 貫徹,施行
branch 分支,分枝
譯文:
網絡管理人員一直期待着實用的聲訊IP電話(VOIP)解決方案。通過把一家公司的電話和數據基礎設施集成到一個網絡服務中去，VOIP能夠使網絡管理更加方便，並且降底投資。一家使用了VOIP技術且擁有外地分支機構的公司，能夠節省大量的長途電話費，並且能夠在Internet上以接近於普通電話服務(POTS)的音質進行通話。