SpringBoot----Spring Boot 定時任務

一、 Scheduled 定時任務器

Scheduled 定時任務器：是 Spring3.0 以後自帶的一個定時任務器。

1 在 pom 文件中添加 Scheduled 的座標

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
  </parent>
  <groupId>com.kennosaur</groupId>
  <artifactId>springboot-scheduled</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  
  <dependencies>
  	<!-- springBoot的啓動器 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- springBoot的啓動器 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 添加Scheduled座標 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>  
</project>

2 編寫定時任務類-----@Scheduled(cron="0/2 * * * * ?")

package com.kennosaur.scheduled;

import java.util.Date;

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * Scheduled定時任務
 *
 *
 */
@Component
public class ScheduledDemo {

	/**
	 * 定時任務方法
	 * @Scheduled:設置定時任務
	 * cron屬性：cron表達式。定時任務觸發是時間的一個字符串表達形式
	 */
	@Scheduled(cron="0/2 * * * * ?")
	public void scheduledMethod(){
		System.out.println("定時器被觸發"+new Date());
	}
}

3 在啓動類中開啓定時任務的使用--------@EnableScheduling

package com.kennosaur;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;

/**
 * 
 *Scheduled
 *
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
public class App {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(App.class, args);
	}
}

4 cron 表達式講解

Cron 表達式的時間字段除允許設置數值外，還可使用一些特殊的字符，提供列表、範圍、通配符等功能，細說如下：

二、 Spring Boot 整合 Quartz 定時任務框架

1 Quartz 的介紹以及 Quartz 的使用思路

2 Quartz 的基本使用方式

2.1創建項目----普通jar的maven工程即可

2.2修改 pom 文件添加 Quartz 的座標

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
			<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
		</dependency>

2.3創建 Job 類

package com.kennosaur.quartz;

import java.util.Date;

import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;

/**
 * 定義任務類
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class QuartzDemo implements Job {

	/**
	 * 任務被觸發時所執行的方法
	 */
	@Override
	public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
		System.out.println("Execute...."+new Date());
	}

}

2.4編寫測試代碼

package com.kennosaur.quartz;

import org.quartz.CronScheduleBuilder;
import org.quartz.JobBuilder;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.SimpleScheduleBuilder;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.TriggerBuilder;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

public class QuartzMain {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

		// 1.創建Job對象：你要做什麼事？
		JobDetail job = JobBuilder.newJob(QuartzDemo.class).build();

		/**
		 * 簡單的trigger觸發時間：通過Quartz提供一個方法來完成簡單的重複調用 cron
		 * Trigger：按照Cron的表達式來給定觸發的時間
		 */
		// 2.創建Trigger對象：在什麼時間做？
//		Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
//				.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.repeatSecondlyForever())
//				.build();
		
		
		Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
				.withSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule("0/2 * * * * ?"))
				.build();

		// 3.創建Scheduler對象：在什麼時間做什麼事？
		Scheduler scheduler = StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();
		scheduler.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
		
		//啓動
		scheduler.start();
	}

}

3 .Spring Boot 整合 Quartz 定時框架

3.1修改 pom 文件添加座標

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.kennosaur</groupId>
	<artifactId>springboot-scheduled</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

	<dependencies>
		<!-- springBoot的啓動器 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- springBoot的啓動器 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		
		<!-- Quartz座標 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
			<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
			<!--<version>2.3.2</version>-->
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
					<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>

		<!-- 添加Scheduled座標 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!-- Sprng tx 座標 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
		</dependency>

	</dependencies>
</project>

3.2編寫 Quartz 的啓動類

package com.kennosaur.config;

import org.quartz.SchedulerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean;

import com.kennosaur.quartz.QuartzDemo;

/**
 * Quartz配置類
 *
 *
 */
@Configuration
public class QuartzConfig {

	
	/**
	 * 1.創建Job對象
	 */
	@Bean
	public JobDetailFactoryBean jobDetailFactoryBean(){
		JobDetailFactoryBean factory = new JobDetailFactoryBean();
		//關聯我們自己的Job類
		factory.setJobClass(QuartzDemo.class);
		return factory;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 2.創建Trigger對象
	 * 簡單的Trigger
	 */
//	@Bean
//	public SimpleTriggerFactoryBean simpleTriggerFactoryBean(JobDetailFactoryBean jobDetailFactoryBean){
//		SimpleTriggerFactoryBean factory = new SimpleTriggerFactoryBean();
//		//關聯JobDetail對象
//		factory.setJobDetail(jobDetailFactoryBean.getObject());
//		//該參數表示一個執行的毫秒數
//		factory.setRepeatInterval(2000);
//		//重複次數
//		factory.setRepeatCount(5);
//		return factory;
//	}
	
	/**
	 * Cron Trigger
	 */
	
	  @Bean 
	  public CronTriggerFactoryBean cronTriggerFactoryBean(JobDetailFactoryBean jobDetailFactoryBean){
		  CronTriggerFactoryBean factory = new CronTriggerFactoryBean();
		  factory.setJobDetail(jobDetailFactoryBean.getObject()); //設置觸發時間
		  factory.setCronExpression("0/2 * * * * ?"); 
		  return factory; 
	  }
	 
	
	/**
	 * 3.創建Scheduler對象
	 */
	@Bean
	public SchedulerFactoryBean schedulerFactoryBean(CronTriggerFactoryBean cronTriggerFactoryBean){
		SchedulerFactoryBean factory = new SchedulerFactoryBean();
		//關聯trigger
//		factory.setTriggers(simpleTriggerFactoryBean.getObject());		
		factory.setTriggers(cronTriggerFactoryBean.getObject());		
		return factory;
	}
}

3.3修改啓動類

package com.kennosaur;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;

/**
 * 
 *Scheduled
 *
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
public class App {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(App.class, args);
	}
}

4 Job 類中注入對象

package com.kennosaur.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UsersService {
	public void addUsers() {
		System.out.println("Add Users....");
	}
}

package com.kennosaur.quartz;

import java.util.Date;

import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import com.kennosaur.service.UsersService;

/**
 * 定義任務類
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class QuartzDemo implements Job {
	
	@Autowired
	private UsersService usersService;

	/**
	 * 任務被觸發時所執行的方法
	 */
	@Override
	public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
		System.out.println("Execute...."+new Date());
		this.usersService.addUsers();
	}

}

4.1注入時會產生異常--------因爲UsersService 在QuartzDemo中沒有被注入到springIOC容器中

AdaptableJobFactory中的createJobInstance是通過反射完成實例化的

4.2編寫一個 MyAdaptableJobFactory 解決該問題

package com.kennosaur.config;

import org.quartz.spi.TriggerFiredBundle;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.AutowireCapableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.AdaptableJobFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component("myAdaptableJobFactory")
public class MyAdaptableJobFactory extends AdaptableJobFactory {

	//AutowireCapableBeanFactory 可以將一個對象添加到SpringIOC容器中，並且完成該對象注入
	@Autowired
	private AutowireCapableBeanFactory autowireCapableBeanFactory;
	
	/**
	 * 該方法需要將實例化的任務對象手動的添加到springIOC容器中並且完成對象的注入
	 */
	@Override
	protected Object createJobInstance(TriggerFiredBundle bundle) throws Exception {
		Object obj = super.createJobInstance(bundle);
		//將obj對象添加Spring IOC容器中，並完成注入
		this.autowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBean(obj);
		return obj;
	}

}

4.3修改 QuartzConfig 類

factory.setJobFactory(myAdaptableJobFactory);

package com.kennosaur.config;

import org.quartz.SchedulerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean;

import com.kennosaur.quartz.QuartzDemo;

/**
 * Quartz配置類
 *
 *
 */
@Configuration
public class QuartzConfig {

	
	/**
	 * 1.創建Job對象
	 */
	@Bean
	public JobDetailFactoryBean jobDetailFactoryBean(){
		JobDetailFactoryBean factory = new JobDetailFactoryBean();
		//關聯我們自己的Job類
		factory.setJobClass(QuartzDemo.class);
		return factory;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 2.創建Trigger對象
	 * 簡單的Trigger
	 */
//	@Bean
//	public SimpleTriggerFactoryBean simpleTriggerFactoryBean(JobDetailFactoryBean jobDetailFactoryBean){
//		SimpleTriggerFactoryBean factory = new SimpleTriggerFactoryBean();
//		//關聯JobDetail對象
//		factory.setJobDetail(jobDetailFactoryBean.getObject());
//		//該參數表示一個執行的毫秒數
//		factory.setRepeatInterval(2000);
//		//重複次數
//		factory.setRepeatCount(5);
//		return factory;
//	}
	
	/**
	 * Cron Trigger
	 */
	
	  @Bean 
	  public CronTriggerFactoryBean cronTriggerFactoryBean(JobDetailFactoryBean jobDetailFactoryBean){
		  CronTriggerFactoryBean factory = new CronTriggerFactoryBean();
		  factory.setJobDetail(jobDetailFactoryBean.getObject()); //設置觸發時間
		  factory.setCronExpression("0/2 * * * * ?"); 
		  return factory; 
	  }
	 
	
	/**
	 * 3.創建Scheduler對象
	 */
	@Bean
	public SchedulerFactoryBean schedulerFactoryBean(CronTriggerFactoryBean cronTriggerFactoryBean,MyAdaptableJobFactory myAdaptableJobFactory){
		SchedulerFactoryBean factory = new SchedulerFactoryBean();
		//關聯trigger
//		factory.setTriggers(simpleTriggerFactoryBean.getObject());		
		factory.setTriggers(cronTriggerFactoryBean.getObject());	
		factory.setJobFactory(myAdaptableJobFactory);
		return factory;
	}
}

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