javaweb學習總結4----servlet開發二

Request需要掌握

亂碼問題解決方案:

  • 所有能設置編碼的地方都統一設置 : 數據庫,數據庫字段,Servlet程序,請求,響應 , 前端,瀏覽器。

JSP取得項目的路徑

${pageContext.request.contextPath}

Request對象

    package com.wu.servlet;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    
    public class RequestDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
            //查看request對象的方式
            System.out.println(request.getContextPath()); //獲得web項目路徑
            System.out.println(request.getRequestURI()); //請求的URL路徑
            //Remote 遠程
            System.out.println(request.getRemoteUser()); //獲得遠程的用戶名
            System.out.println(request.getRequestedSessionId()); //獲得SessionId;
            System.out.println(request.getServletPath()); //請求servlet的url
            System.out.println(request.getLocalAddr()); //獲得本地地址  防火牆
            System.out.println(request.getLocalName()); //獲得本地名字
            System.out.println(request.getLocalPort()); //獲得訪問的端口號
    
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            doPost(request,response);
        }
    }
### Request對象接收前端用戶提交的參數

1. 寫前端註冊頁面

   - 表單的提交方式 get/post

   - 表單提交的位置 action:服務項目的路徑/servlet對應的請求url

     ```jsp
     <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
     <html>
     <head>
         <title>註冊</title>
     </head>
     <body>
     
     
     <%--
     JSP的註釋
     --%>
     
     
     <%--
     Form表單
         action:代表要提交的路徑,表單要提交到哪裏 ,可以提交到一個Servlet
             //提交到Servlet需要,獲取到Web項目的路徑下的Servlet
         method: 提交表單的方式
     --%>
     <h1>註冊</h1>
     
     <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/r2" method="post">
     
         <p>用戶名:<input type="text" name="username"></p>
         <p>密碼:<input type="password" name="password"></p>
     
         <p>
             <input type="submit">
             <input type="reset">
         </p>
     
     </form>
     
     
     
     </body>
     </html>
     
     ```

     

2. 寫處理前端提交信息的Servlet

   - 接收前端傳遞的控件信息,  request.getParameter(“控件的name‘);

     ```java
     package com.wu.servlet;
     
     
     import javax.print.attribute.HashPrintRequestAttributeSet;
     import javax.servlet.ServletException;
     import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
     import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
     import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
     import java.io.IOException;
     
     //處理前端提交過來的數據
     public class RequestDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
         @Override
         protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
             doPost(req,resp);
         }
     
         @Override
         protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
     
             //通過HttpServletRequest獲取前端用戶提交的信息
             //req.getParameterValues(); 獲得前端傳遞的控件信息,通過控件的name;但是可以接受多個參數的控件,比如(多選框....)
             //req.getParameter(); 獲得前端傳遞的控件信息,通過控件的name;
     
             req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
             resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
     
             String username = req.getParameter("username");
             String password = req.getParameter("password");
     
             //連接數據庫,比較數據庫中的信息是否匹配
     
             if (username.equals("admin")&&password.equals("1234567")){
                 System.out.println("登錄成功!"); //跳轉到成功頁面
             }else {
                 System.out.println("登錄失敗!"); //提示重新註冊
             }
     
             System.out.println(username);
             System.out.println(password);
     
     
         }
     }
     
     ```

3. 配置web.xml

   - 配置對應的XML文件

     ```xml
         <servlet>
             <servlet-name>RequsetDemo02</servlet-name>
             <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.RequestDemo02</servlet-class>
         </servlet>
     
     
         <!--=====================================================-->
     
     
         <servlet-mapping>
             <servlet-name>RequsetDemo02</servlet-name>
             <url-pattern>/r2</url-pattern>
         </servlet-mapping>
     
     ```

4. 提交測試

   - 檢查英文提交情況,服務器是否接收成功!
   - 提交中文,看看亂碼情況
   - 設置編碼統一,解決亂碼問題;



### Request實現請求轉發

```java
package com.wu.servlet;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class FormServlet1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //處理亂碼
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        //處理前端的請求
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");

        System.out.println("接收到的用戶名:"+username+"\n密碼:"+password+"\n愛好:");

        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");

        for (String hobby : hobbies) {
            System.out.println(hobby);
        }


        //重定向:服務器告訴客戶端你應該請求另外一個地址;  (地址欄會變)
        //resp.sendRedirect("url");

        //轉發:服務器把這個請求轉向另外一個Servlet去處理; (地址欄不會變)
        //RequestDispatcher ,需要使用RequestDispatcher來進行處理,我們需要獲得這個類
        //參數就是他要轉發到的頁面

        /*
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp");
        requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);
        */

        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);


    }
}

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