定義
單例模式確保某個類只有一個實例,而且自行實例化並向整個系統提供這個實例。
理解
在計算機系統中,線程池、緩存、日誌對象、對話框、打印機、顯卡的驅動程序對象常被設計成單例。這些應用都或多或少具有資源管理器的功能。每臺計算機可以有若干個打印機,但只能有一個Printer Spooler,以避免兩個打印作業同時輸出到打印機中。每臺計算機可以有若干通信端口,系統應當集中管理這些通信端口,以避免一個通信端口同時被兩個請求同時調用。總之,選擇單例模式就是爲了避免不一致狀態,避免政出多頭。
單例模式的實現
懶漢式
線程不安全
public class Singleton {
private static Singleton instance;
private Singleton (){}
public static Singleton getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new Singleton();
}
return instance;
}
}
該寫法採用lazy loading,但是線程不安全。若有兩條線程同時訪問getInstance(),可能會創建兩個實例
線程安全
public class Singleton {
private static Singleton instance;
private Singleton (){}
public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new Singleton();
}
return instance;
}
}
public class Singleton {
private static volatile Singleton singleton = null;
private Singleton(){}
public static Singleton getSingleton(){
if(singleton == null){
synchronized (Singleton.class){
if(singleton == null){
singleton = new Singleton();
}
}
}
return singleton;
}
}
餓漢式
public class Singleton {
private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();
private Singleton (){}
public static Singleton getInstance() {
return instance;
}
}
或
public class Singleton {
private Singleton instance = null;
static {
instance = new Singleton();
}
private Singleton (){}
public static Singleton getInstance() {
return this.instance;
}
}
靜態內部類
public class Singleton {
private static class SingletonHolder {
private static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
}
private Singleton (){}
public static final Singleton getInstance() {
return SingletonHolder.INSTANCE;
}
}