[mysql] ubuntu charset 字符集問題
安裝完的MySQL的默認字符集爲 latin1 ,爲了要將其字符集改爲用戶所需要的(比如utf8),就必須改其相關的配置文件;由於linux下MySQL的默認安裝目錄分佈在不同的文件下;不像windows一樣放在同一目錄下,只需修改其中的my.ini文件,重起後就生效了;所以先來看看linux下MySQL的數據庫文件、配置文件和命令文件分別在不同的目錄 :
1、數據庫目錄,其所創建的數據庫文件都在該目錄下
/var/lib/mysql/
2、配置文件 (mysql.server命令及配置文件所在地)
/usr/share/mysql
3、相關命令(如mysql mysqladmin等)
/usr/bin
4、啓動腳本(如mysql啓動命令)
/etc/rc.d/init.d/
查看默認字符集
#mysql -u root - p
#(輸入密碼)
mysql> show variables like 'character_set%' ;
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | latin1 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
修改字符集 :
1.查找/etc目錄下是否有my.cnf文件;
#ls -l | grep my.cnf (在/etc下查找是否有my.cnf文件存在)
2.如果沒有就要從/usr/share/mysql,拷貝一個到/etc 下,在/usr/share/mysql目錄下有五個後綴爲.cnf的文件,分別是 my-huge.cnf my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf my-large.cnf my-medium.cnf my-small.cnf ;從中隨便拷貝一個到/etc目錄下並將其改爲my.cnf文件,我選擇的是my-medium.cnf :
#cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
3.修改my.cnf文件,在該文件中的三個地方加上 default-character-set=utf8([client] [mysqld] [mysql])
#vi /etc/my.cnf
修改如下:(紅色爲添加部分)
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8 (經過驗證好像這一步不用設置也可以達到效果)
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-locking
key_buffer = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
default-character-set=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
default-character-set=utf8
保存退出;
4.重起MySQL服務器,使其設置的內容生效
#/etc/init.d/mysql restart
5. 重新登入mysql;
# mysql -u root - p
#(輸入密碼)
mysql> show variables like 'character_set%' ;
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |(都生成了utf8,成功了 哈哈哈)
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
mysql啓動和停止 操作 :
可以通過 #/etc/init.d/mysql [start | stop | restart](實現啓動,停止,重啓)
也可以通過 #service mysql [start | stop | restart](實現啓動,停止,重啓)
===========================================================================
=======================================================================
mysql啓動和停止 操作 :
可以通過 #/etc/init.d/mysql [start | stop | restart](實現啓動,停止,重啓)
也可以通過 #service mysql [start | stop | restart](實現啓動,停止,重啓)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Xampp中未發現my.cnf文件,百度上得知可以登陸數據庫後通過命令設置:
SET character_set_client=utf8;
SET character_set_connection=utf8;
SET character_set_results=utf8;
SET character_set_database=utf8;
SET character_set_server=utf8;
以上爲實踐總結,如果有更好的方法請告知謝謝
1、數據庫目錄,其所創建的數據庫文件都在該目錄下
/var/lib/mysql/
2、配置文件 (mysql.server命令及配置文件所在地)
/usr/share/mysql
3、相關命令(如mysql mysqladmin等)
/usr/bin
4、啓動腳本(如mysql啓動命令)
/etc/rc.d/init.d/
查看默認字符集
#mysql -u root - p
#(輸入密碼)
mysql> show variables like 'character_set%' ;
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | latin1 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
修改字符集 :
1.查找/etc目錄下是否有my.cnf文件;
#ls -l | grep my.cnf (在/etc下查找是否有my.cnf文件存在)
2.如果沒有就要從/usr/share/mysql,拷貝一個到/etc 下,在/usr/share/mysql目錄下有五個後綴爲.cnf的文件,分別是 my-huge.cnf my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf my-large.cnf my-medium.cnf my-small.cnf ;從中隨便拷貝一個到/etc目錄下並將其改爲my.cnf文件,我選擇的是my-medium.cnf :
#cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
3.修改my.cnf文件,在該文件中的三個地方加上 default-character-set=utf8([client] [mysqld] [mysql])
#vi /etc/my.cnf
修改如下:(紅色爲添加部分)
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8 (經過驗證好像這一步不用設置也可以達到效果)
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-locking
key_buffer = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
default-character-set=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
default-character-set=utf8
保存退出;
4.重起MySQL服務器,使其設置的內容生效
#/etc/init.d/mysql restart
5. 重新登入mysql;
# mysql -u root - p
#(輸入密碼)
mysql> show variables like 'character_set%' ;
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |(都生成了utf8,成功了 哈哈哈)
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
mysql啓動和停止 操作 :
可以通過 #/etc/init.d/mysql [start | stop | restart](實現啓動,停止,重啓)
也可以通過 #service mysql [start | stop | restart](實現啓動,停止,重啓)
===========================================================================
=======================================================================
mysql啓動和停止 操作 :
可以通過 #/etc/init.d/mysql [start | stop | restart](實現啓動,停止,重啓)
也可以通過 #service mysql [start | stop | restart](實現啓動,停止,重啓)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Xampp中未發現my.cnf文件,百度上得知可以登陸數據庫後通過命令設置:
SET character_set_client=utf8;
SET character_set_connection=utf8;
SET character_set_results=utf8;
SET character_set_database=utf8;
SET character_set_server=utf8;
以上爲實踐總結,如果有更好的方法請告知謝謝
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