普通隊列是一種先進先出的數據結構。數據元素附加在隊尾,從隊首刪除。在優先隊列中,每個元素都賦予一個優先級。高優先級的元素優先訪問刪除。例如,醫院按病人的優先級分配急救室;具有最高優先級的病人先被安排進入急救室。
程序清單 PriorityQueue.h
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei'; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></span></div>#ifndef PRIORITYQUEUE_H_INCLUDED
#define PRIORITYQUEUE_H_INCLUDED
#include "Heap.h"
template<typename T>
class PriorityQueue{
public:
PriorityQueue();
void enqueue(T element) ;
T dequeue() throw (runtime_error);
int getSize();
private:
Heap<T> heap;
};
template<typename T>
PriorityQueue<T>::PriorityQueue(){
}
template<typename T>
void PriorityQueue<T>::enqueue(T element){
heap.add(element);
}
template<typename T>
T PriorityQueue<T>::dequeue() throw (runtime_error){
return heap.remove();
}
template<typename T>
int PriorityQueue<T>::getSize(){
return heap.getSize();
}
#endif // PRIORITYQUEUE_H_INCLUDED<u>
</u>
程序清單 TestPriorityQueue.cpp
#include<iostream>
#include "PriorityQueue.h"
using namespace std;
class Patient{
public:
Patient(string name, int priority){
this->name = name;
this->priority = priority;
}
bool operator<(Patient &secondPatient){ //運算符重載
return (this->priority < secondPatient.priority);
}
bool operator>(Patient &secondPatient){ //運算符重載
return (this->priority > secondPatient.priority);
}
string getName(){
return name;
}
int getPriority(){
return priority;
}
private:
string name;
int priority;
};
int main(){
//Queue of patients
PriorityQueue<Patient> patientQueue;
patientQueue.enqueue(Patient("John", 2));
patientQueue.enqueue(Patient("Jim", 1));
patientQueue.enqueue(Patient("Tim", 5));
patientQueue.enqueue(Patient("Cindy", 7));
while(patientQueue.getSize() > 0){
Patient element = patientQueue.dequeue();
cout<<element.getName()<<" (priority: "<<element.getPriority()<<")"<<endl;
}
}<u>
</u>