移植Linux-2.6.30.4到mini2440

移植Linux-2.6.30.4到mini2440

移植Linux-2.6.30.4到mini2440


一、安裝交叉編譯器
1）交叉編譯器使用CodeSourcery提供的符合EABI標準的arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc-4.3.3交叉編譯器，下載地址：
http://www.codesourcery.com/sgpp/lite/arm/portal/package4571/public/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/arm-2009q1-203-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2

2）下載後，解壓到/opt/目錄：
# tar jxvf arm-2009q1-203-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2 -C /opt/

3）因爲/opt/arm-2009q1/bin/目錄中的可執行文件均以不常用的" arm-none-linux-gnueabi- "開頭，做幾個arm-linux-xxx軟鏈接以方便日後使用：
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gdbtui arm-linux-gdbtui
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-addr2line arm-linux-addr2line
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gprof arm-linux-gprof
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-ar arm-linux-ar
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-as arm-linux-as
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-nm arm-linux-nm
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-ld arm-linux-ld
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-c++ arm-linux-c++
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-objcopy arm-linux-objcopy
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-c++filt arm-linux-c++filt
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-cpp arm-linux-cpp
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-ranlib arm-linux-ranlib
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-objdump arm-linux-objdump
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-readelf arm-linux-readelf
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-size arm-linux-size
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcov arm-linux-gcov
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-strings arm-linux-strings
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gdb arm-linux-gdb
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-strip arm-linux-strip
ln -s arm-none-linux-gnueabi-sprite arm-linux-sprite


4）同時在/opt/arm-2009q1/bin/目錄建立如下三個腳本：
腳本arm-linux-g++的內容：

#!/bin/sh
arm-none-linux-gnueabi-g++ -march=armv4t $*


腳本arm-linux-gcc的內容：
#!/bin/sh

arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc -march=armv4t $*

 

 

 

http://blogold.chinaunix.net/u3/104564/showart_2091186.html

腳本arm-linux-gcc-4.3.3的內容：
#!/bin/sh
arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc-4.3.3 -march=armv4t $*


5）爲以上三個腳本加上可執行屬性：
# chmod +x arm-linux-g++
# chmod +x arm-linux-gcc
# chmod +x arm-linux-gcc-4.3.3

6）輸出交叉編譯器的可執行文件的路徑到PATH環境變量：
# export PATH=/opt/arm-2009q1/bin:$PATH

以後要用到arm-linux-gcc-4.3.3交叉編譯器時都應該先在終端上執行上面一句！

7）查看是否安裝成功：
# arm-linux-gcc -v
如果成功的話，可以看到如下信息：
Using built-in specs.
Target: arm-none-linux-gnueabi
Configured with: /scratch/mitchell/builds/4.3-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-respin/src/gcc-4.3/configure --build=i686-pc-linux-gnu --host=i686-pc-linux-gnu --target=arm-none-linux-gnueabi --enable-threads --disable-libmudflap --disable-libssp --disable-libstdcxx-pch --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --with-specs='%{funwind-tables|fno-unwind-tables|mabi=*|ffreestanding|nostdlib:;:-funwind-tables}' --enable-languages=c,c++ --enable-shared --enable-symvers=gnu --enable-__cxa_atexit --with-pkgversion='Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q1-203' --with-bugurl=https://support.codesourcery.com/GNUToolchain/ --disable-nls --prefix=/opt/codesourcery --with-sysroot=/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc --with-build-sysroot=/scratch/mitchell/builds/4.3-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-respin/lite/install/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc --with-gmp=/scratch/mitchell/builds/4.3-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-respin/lite/obj/host-libs-2009q1-203-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu/usr --with-mpfr=/scratch/mitchell/builds/4.3-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-respin/lite/obj/host-libs-2009q1-203-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu/usr --disable-libgomp --enable-poison-system-directories --with-build-time-tools=/scratch/mitchell/builds/4.3-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-respin/lite/install/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin --with-build-time-tools=/scratch/mitchell/builds/4.3-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-respin/lite/install/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.3.3 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q1-203)



二、準備源碼包
1）Linux 2.6.30.4的下載地址：
http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/linux-2.6.30.4.tar.bz2

2）yaffs2文件系統的下載地址：
http://www.aleph1.co.uk/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/
點擊Download GNU tarball，下載cvs-root.tar.gz

請把linux-2.6.30.4.tar.bz2和cvs-root.tar.gz放在同一目錄內！


三、移植內核
1）解壓內核源碼包
# tar jxvf linux-2.6.30.4.tar.bz2

2）進入內核目錄
# cd linux-2.6.30.4

3）修改頂層Makefile
# gedit Makefile
在193行
ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)
CROSS_COMPILE ?=
修改爲
ARCH ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?= /opt/arm-2009q1/bin/arm-linux-

4）修改機器碼
# gedit arch/arm/tools/mach-types
在379行
s3c2440 ARCH_S3C2440 S3C2440 362
修改爲
s3c2440 ARCH_S3C2440 S3C2440 782
與supervivi傳入的機器碼參數一致即可！

5）修改時鐘頻率
# gedit arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-smdk2440.c
在160行
static void __init smdk2440_map_io(void)
{
s3c24xx_init_io(smdk2440_iodesc, ARRAY_SIZE(smdk2440_iodesc));
//s3c24xx_init_clocks(16934400); //註釋這句，加入下一句
s3c24xx_init_clocks(12000000);
s3c24xx_init_uarts(smdk2440_uartcfgs, ARRAY_SIZE(smdk2440_uartcfgs));
}


6）修改Nand Flash分區
# gedit arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/common-smdk.c
在109行
static struct mtd_partition smdk_default_nand_part[] = {
[0] = {
.name = "supervivi",
.size = 0x00030000,
.offset = 0,
},
[1] = {
.name = "Kernel",
.offset = 0x00050000,
.size = 0x00200000,
},
[2] = {
.name = "root",
.offset = 0x00250000,
.size = 0x03dac000,
}
};



四、配置內核
# cp arch/arm/configs/s3c2410_defconfig .config
# make menuconfig
機器類型只選以下三項：
System Type ---> S3C2410 Machines ---> [*] SMDK2410/A9M2410
S3C2440 Machines ---> [*] SMDK2440
[*] SMDK2440 with S3C2440 CPU module


內核特性加上以下兩項：
Kernel Features ---> [*] Use the ARM EABI to compile the kernel
[*] Allow old ABI binaries to run with this(EXPERIMENTA) kernel


如果你想了解每個配置選項的意義，請點擊：Linux 2.6.19.x 內核編譯配置選項簡介

五、編譯內核
# make zImage


六、下載、燒寫內核鏡像
先使用友善之臂公司提供的yaffs2根文件系統鏡像做測試，可以運行到這裏：
FAT: unable to read boot sector 
VFS: Cannot open root device "mtdblock2" or unknown-block(31,2) 
Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions:
1f00 192 mtdblock0 (driver?) 
1f01 2048 mtdblock1 (driver?) 
1f02 63152 mtdblock2 (driver?) 
Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(31,2)
[<c002c700>] (unwind_backtrace+0x0/0xdc) from [<c02a7d2c>] (panic+0x40/0x110) 
[<c02a7d2c>] (panic+0x40/0x110) from [<c0008fcc>] (mount_block_root+0x1d0/0x210)
[<c0008fcc>] (mount_block_root+0x1d0/0x210) from [<c0009264>] (prepare_namespac)
[<c0009264>] (prepare_namespace+0x164/0x1bc) from [<c0008598>] (kernel_init+0xb)
[<c0008598>] (kernel_init+0xb4/0xe0) from [<c004812c>] (do_exit+0x0/0x578) 
[<c004812c>] (do_exit+0x0/0x578) from [<00000001>] (0x1) 



七、加入對yaffs2文件系統的支持
1）回到上級目錄
# cd ..

2）解壓yaffs2文件系統源碼包
# tar zxvf cvs-root.tar.gz

3）進入yaffs2源碼目錄
# cd cvs/yaffs2

4）打補丁
# ./patch-ker.sh c ../../linux-2.6.30.4
Updating ../../linux-2.6.30.4/fs/Kconfig
Updating ../../linux-2.6.30.4/fs/Makefile

5）回到內核目錄
# cd ../../linux-2.6.30.4

6）重新配置
# make menuconfig
選上以下一項：
File systems ---> [*] Miscellaneous filesystems ---> <*> YAFFS2 file system support


7）重新編譯內核
# make zImage


八、重新下載、燒寫內核鏡像
yaffs: dev is 32505858 name is "mtdblock2" 
yaffs: passed flags "" 
yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 31.2, "mtdblock2" 
yaffs_read_super: isCheckpointed 0 
VFS: Mounted root (yaffs filesystem) on device 31:2. 
Freeing init memory: 120K 
mount: mounting /dev/sda2 on /opt failed: No such file or directory 
mkdir: cannot create directory '/udisk': File exists 
mount: mounting /dev/sda1 on /udisk failed: No such file or directory 

Please press Enter to activate this console. 
[root@jjx /]# 


成功進入控制檯，內核算是移植成功了～～