使用RMAN在ASM和文件系統之間拷貝數據
這篇文章簡單討論如何利用RMAN工具中的backup as copy、copy、convert命令在ASM和文件系統之間拷貝數據。
一.從ASM拷貝數據到文件系統。
1).拷貝數據文件：
RMAN> backup as copy datafile '+data01/orcl/datafile/USERS.263.829729669' format '/u01/app/oracle/bak/user01.dbf';
Starting backup at 2013-10-28 02:16:59
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=18 instance=orcl1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA01/orcl/datafile/users.263.829729669
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/bak/user01.dbf tag=TAG20131028T021700 RECID=1 STAMP=829966621
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished backup at 2013-10-28 02:17:01
format指定拷貝的目的地。
2).拷貝控制文件：
RMAN> backup as copy current controlfile format '/u01/app/oracle/bak/control01.ctl';
Starting backup at 2013-10-28 02:19:24
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying current control file
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/bak/control01.ctl tag=TAG20131028T021925 RECID=2 STAMP=829966769
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 2013-10-28 02:19:31
3).拷貝參數文件：
RMAN> backup as copy spfile format '/u01/app/oracle/bak/spfileorcl.ora';
Starting backup at 2013-10-28 02:19:50
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2013-10-28 02:19:50
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2013-10-28 02:19:51
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/bak/spfileorcl.ora tag=TAG20131028T021950 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2013-10-28 02:19:51
4).拷貝信息會在catalog中進行記錄：
RMAN> list copy;
List of Datafile Copies
=======================
Key File S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time
------- ---- - ------------------- ---------- -------------------
1 4 A 2013-10-28 02:17:01 1751169 2013-10-28 02:14:28
Name: /u01/app/oracle/bak/user01.dbf
Tag: TAG20131028T021700
List of Control File Copies
===========================
Key S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time
------- - ------------------- ---------- -------------------
2 A 2013-10-28 02:19:29 1751169 2013-10-28 02:14:28
Name: /u01/app/oracle/bak/control01.ctl
Tag: TAG20131028T021925
spfile拷貝信息沒有在catalog中留下記錄。
5).使用convert命令同樣可以完成拷貝：
RMAN> convert datafile '+data01/orcl/datafile/USERS.263.829729669' format '/u01/app/oracle/bak/user02.dbf';
Starting conversion at target at 2013-10-28 02:25:46
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input file name=+DATA01/orcl/datafile/users.263.829729669
converted datafile=/u01/app/oracle/bak/user02.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished conversion at target at 2013-10-28 02:25:47
RMAN> list datafilecopy all;
List of Datafile Copies
=======================
Key File S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time
------- ---- - ------------------- ---------- -------------------
1 4 A 2013-10-28 02:17:01 1751169 2013-10-28 02:14:28
Name: /u01/app/oracle/bak/user01.dbf
Tag: TAG20131028T021700
使用convert命令拷貝數據文件，不會在catalog中留下記錄，但該命令僅能用於數據文件的拷貝。
6).拷貝歸檔重做日誌文件：
下面三條拷貝命令效果是相同的：
RMAN> backup as copy archivelog sequence 88 thread 1 format '/u01/app/oracle/bak/thread_1_seq_88.357.829964339';
Starting backup at 2013-10-28 03:04:24
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy
input archived log thread=1 sequence=88 RECID=90 STAMP=829964343
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/bak/thread_1_seq_88.357.829964339 RECID=91 STAMP=829969466
channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 2013-10-28 03:04:27
RMAN> backup as copy archivelog from sequence 88 thread 1 format '+FRA01';
Starting backup at 2013-10-28 03:08:07
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy
input archived log thread=1 sequence=88 RECID=92 STAMP=829969656
output file name=+FRA01/orcl/archivelog/2013_10_28/thread_1_seq_88.268.829969687 RECID=93 STAMP=829969689
channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 2013-10-28 03:08:10
RMAN> copy archivelog '+DATA01/orcl/archivelog/2013_10_28/thread_1_seq_87.354.829964133' to '/u01/app/oracle/bak/thread_1_seq_87.354.829964133';
Starting backup at 2013-10-28 03:17:11
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy
input archived log thread=1 sequence=87 RECID=87 STAMP=829964135
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/bak/thread_1_seq_87.354.829964133 RECID=96 STAMP=829970233
channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 2013-10-28 03:17:15
可以直接使用copy命令對支持的文件類型進行拷貝，注意使用RMAN的copy命令是通過to指定目的地，而不是通過format指定目的地。
7).拷貝備份文件：
RMAN> backup datafile 4 format '+FRA01';
Starting backup at 2013-10-28 03:38:51
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA01/orcl/datafile/users.263.829729669
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2013-10-28 03:38:52
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2013-10-28 03:38:53
piece handle=+FRA01/orcl/backupset/2013_10_28/nnndf0_tag20131028t033852_0.269.829971533 tag=TAG20131028T033852 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2013-10-28 03:38:53
RMAN> list backup of datafile 4;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
3 Full 368.00K DISK 00:00:00 2013-10-28 03:38:52
BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20131028T033852
Piece Name: +FRA01/orcl/backupset/2013_10_28/nnndf0_tag20131028t033852_0.269.829971533
List of Datafiles in backup set 3
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
4 Full 1751169 2013-10-28 02:14:28 +DATA01/orcl/datafile/users.263.829729669
RMAN> backup as copy backupset 3 format '/u01/app/oracle/bak/backupdatafil4.rman';
Starting backup at 2013-10-28 03:39:29
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: input backup set: count=19, stamp=829971532, piece=1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2013-10-28 03:39:29
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece +FRA01/orcl/backupset/2013_10_28/nnndf0_tag20131028t033852_0.269.829971533
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/bak/backupdatafil4.rman comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2013-10-28 03:39:30
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2013-10-28 03:39:30
二.從文件系統拷貝數據到ASM。
1).拷貝數據文件到ASM：
RMAN> backup as copy datafile '/u01/app/oracle/bak/user02.dbf' format '+FRA01';
Starting backup at 2013-10-28 02:31:31
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 10/28/2013 02:31:31
RMAN-20201: datafile not found in the recovery catalog
RMAN-06010: error while looking up datafile: /u01/app/oracle/bak/user02.dbf
RMAN> backup as copy datafilecopy '/u01/app/oracle/bak/user02.dbf' format '+FRA01';
Starting backup at 2013-10-28 02:34:20
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 10/28/2013 02:34:20
RMAN-20230: datafile copy not found in the repository
RMAN-06015: error while looking up datafile copy name: /u01/app/oracle/bak/user02.dbf
user02.dbf是上面通過convert datafile拷貝出來的，沒有在catalog中留下記錄，這裏提示在catalog中找不到該文件，執行以下命令收集該文件：
RMAN> catalog datafilecopy '/u01/app/oracle/bak/user02.dbf';
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/bak/user02.dbf RECID=7 STAMP=829967677
再次執行拷貝命令：
RMAN> backup as copy datafilecopy '/u01/app/oracle/bak/user02.dbf' format '+FRA01';
Starting backup at 2013-10-28 02:34:40
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input is copy of datafile 00004: /u01/app/oracle/bak/user02.dbf
output file name=+FRA01/orcl/datafile/users.263.829967681 RECID=8 STAMP=829967680
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2013-10-28 02:34:41
成功完成數據文件從文件系統到ASM的拷貝。
2).拷貝控制文件到ASM中：
對控制文件的拷貝道理相同，注意backup as copy後面關鍵字的變化：
RMAN> backup as copy controlfilecopy '/u01/app/oracle/bak/control02.ctl' format '+FRA01';
Starting backup at 2013-10-28 02:37:54
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 10/28/2013 02:37:54
RMAN-20220: control file copy not found in the repository
RMAN-06090: error while looking up control file copy: /u01/app/oracle/bak/control02.ctl
RMAN> catalog controlfilecopy '/u01/app/oracle/bak/control02.ctl';
cataloged control file copy
control file copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/bak/control02.ctl RECID=10 STAMP=829967892
RMAN> backup as copy controlfilecopy '/u01/app/oracle/bak/control02.ctl' format '+FRA01';
Starting backup at 2013-10-28 02:38:17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input control file copy name=/u01/app/oracle/bak/control02.ctl
output file name=+FRA01/orcl/controlfile/backup.265.829967899 tag=TAG20131028T021925 RECID=11 STAMP=829967899
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2013-10-28 02:38:19
3).使用convert命令拷貝數據文件到ASM中：
使用convert命令同樣可以完成將數據文件拷貝到ASM中，並且這不需要在catalog中有記錄：
RMAN> convert datafile '/u01/app/oracle/bak/user03.dbf' format '+FRA01';
Starting conversion at target at 2013-10-28 02:42:32
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input file name=/u01/app/oracle/bak/user03.dbf
converted datafile=+FRA01/orcl/datafile/users.266.829968153
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished conversion at target at 2013-10-28 02:42:33
但這僅限於對數據文件的操作。
4).拷貝歸檔重做日誌文件：
在系統層面執行了一下拷貝命令：
$cp /u01/app/oracle/bak/thread_1_seq_88.357.829964339 /u01/app/oracle/bak/archivelog_1_seq88.arc
RMAN> copy archivelog '/u01/app/oracle/bak/archivelog_1_seq88.arc' to '+FRA01';
Starting backup at 2013-10-28 03:10:08
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 10/28/2013 03:10:08
RMAN-20240: archived log not found in the repository
RMAN-06046: archived log name: /u01/app/oracle/bak/archivelog_1_seq88.arc
RMAN> catalog start with '/u01/app/oracle/bak';
searching for all files that match the pattern /u01/app/oracle/bak
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/bak/user03.dbf
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/bak/archivelog_1_seq88.arc
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/bak/user03.dbf
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/bak/archivelog_1_seq88.arc
RMAN> list archivelog sequence 88 thread 1;
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORCL
=====================================================================
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - -------------------
94 1 88 A 2013-10-28 01:35:30
............
Name: /u01/app/oracle/bak/archivelog_1_seq88.arc
RMAN> copy archivelog '/u01/app/oracle/bak/archivelog_1_seq88.arc' to '+FRA01';
Starting backup at 2013-10-28 03:12:19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy
input archived log thread=1 sequence=88 RECID=94 STAMP=829969853
output file name=+FRA01/orcl/archivelog/2013_10_28/thread_1_seq_88.267.829969941 RECID=95 STAMP=829969940
channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2013-10-28 03:12:21
5).拷貝備份文件：
RMAN> backup datafile 4 format '/u01/app/oracle/bak/backupdatafile4.bak';
Starting backup at 2013-10-28 03:31:33
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA01/orcl/datafile/users.263.829729669
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2013-10-28 03:31:33
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2013-10-28 03:31:34
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/bak/backupdatafile4.bak tag=TAG20131028T033133 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2013-10-28 03:31:34
RMAN> list backup of datafile 4;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
2 Full 368.00K DISK 00:00:01 2013-10-28 03:31:34
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20131028T033133
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/bak/backupdatafile4.bak
List of Datafiles in backup set 2
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
4 Full 1751169 2013-10-28 02:14:28 +DATA01/orcl/datafile/users.263.829729669
RMAN> backup as copy backupset 2 format '+FRA01';
Starting backup at 2013-10-28 03:33:25
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: input backup set: count=18, stamp=829971093, piece=1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2013-10-28 03:33:26
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece /u01/app/oracle/bak/backupdatafile4.bak
piece handle=+FRA01/orcl/backupset/2013_10_28/nnndf0_0.269.829971207 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2013-10-28 03:33:27
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup piece complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2013-10-28 03:33:27
總結：
1).Oracle Database 10g中，在文件系統和ASM磁盤組之間拷貝初始化參數文件、控制文件、數據文件、歸檔日誌文件比較容易，但遷移Redo Log文件較困難，可以通過爲日誌組添加成員、刪除成員的手段達到遷移的目的，例如：
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE 例程已經啓動。
Total System Global Area 535662592 bytes
Fixed Size 1385840 bytes
Variable Size 327158416 bytes
Database Buffers 201326592 bytes
Redo Buffers 5791744 bytes
數據庫裝載完畢。
SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile;
GROUP#
----------
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
E:\APP\ORADATA\TEST\REDO03.LOG
2
E:\APP\ORADATA\TEST\REDO02.LOG
1
E:\APP\ORADATA\TEST\REDO01.LOG
SQL> alter database add logfile member 'E:\APP\ORADATA\TEST\REDO0101.LOG' to group 1;
數據庫已更改。
SQL> alter database add logfile member 'E:\APP\ORADATA\TEST\REDO0201.LOG' to group 2;
數據庫已更改。
SQL> alter database add logfile member 'E:\APP\ORADATA\TEST\REDO0301.LOG' to group 3;
數據庫已更改。
數據庫在MOUNT狀態即可完成日誌組成員的添加，但是在OPEN RESETLOGS的時候必須要確保所有日誌組成員的全路徑目錄都存在才能正常的打開，數據庫打開之後可以正常的DROP日誌組成員，如果是非CURRENT日誌組也可以在MOUNT狀態下DROP日誌成員，但CURRENT日誌組在任何情況下都不能DROP成員。
2).使用RMAN在ASM和文件系統之間拷貝數據，只支持Oracle數據庫自身的文件類型，包括：數據文件、控制文件、參數文件、重做日誌文件、備份文件、數據文件拷貝、控制文件拷貝等，其它第三方的文件是無法通過RMAN拷貝到ASM中的。
3).使用RMAN的backup as copy、copy命令在ASM和文件系統之間拷貝數據，要求拷貝的對象必須在catalog中有記錄，沒有記錄必須使用catalog datafilecopy|controlfilecopy|catalog start with|...命令進行採集。
4).除了使用RMAN的backup as copy、copy命令在ASM和文件系統之間拷貝數據，還可以使用convert命令在ASM和文件系統之間拷貝數據，但該命令僅限對數據文件進行拷貝。
5).使用RMAN的backup as copy、copy命令和convert命令進行拷貝還有一點區別在於，backup as copy和copy命令會在catalog中留下拷貝記錄，convert命令不會在catalog中留下任何記錄。
6).通過RMAN的backup as copy、copy、convert命令進行拷貝主要用於數據文件和重做日誌文件的拷貝，參數文件可以使用create spfile和restore命令，控制文件可以使用restore命令進行雙向的拷貝。
7).爲了簡化操作命令可以直接使用RMAN的copy命令拷貝支持的數據文件類型。
有關使用RMAN的CONVERT命令在ASM和非ASM存儲之間拷貝數據的詳情可以參考如下文檔：
Using RMAN CONVERT to Copy Files Between ASM和Non-ASM Storage
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/backup.102/b14191/dbxptrn.htm#CHDCFCIB
《使用DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER包在ASM和文件系統之間傳遞數據》：http://blog.itpub.net/23135684/viewspace-662098/
這裏再簡單提一下通過ASMCMD cp命令在ASM和文件系統之間拷貝數據：
從文件系統拷貝文件到ASM磁盤組，例如，將/u01/bak/onlinelog/group_1.261.786500755文件拷貝到+DBFILE1/ractest/onlinelog/目錄下。
首先使用ASMCMD的mkdir命令將+DBFILE1/ractest/onlinelog/目錄結構創建好。
之後執行下面的cp命令：
ASMCMD [+] > cp /u01/bak/onlinelog/group_1.261.786500755 +DBFILE1/ractest/onlinelog/group_1.261.786500755
copying /u01/bak/onlinelog/group_1.261.786500755 -> +DBFILE1/ractest/onlinelog/group_1.261.786500755
ASMCMD-08016: copy source->'/u01/bak/onlinelog/group_1.261.786500755' and target->'+DBFILE1/ractest/onlinelog/group_1.261.786500755' failed
ORA-15056: additional error message
ORA-15046: ASM file name '+DBFILE1/ractest/onlinelog/group_1.261.786500755' is not in single-file creation form
ORA-06512: at "SYS.X$DBMS_DISKGROUP", line 410
ORA-06512: at line 3 (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)
由於ASM是OMF自動化管理及命名，所以不能爲redo文件指定group_1.261.786500755自動命名規則的名稱，指定一個唯一的文件名：
ASMCMD [+] > cp /u01/bak/onlinelog/group_1.261.786500755 +DBFILE1/ractest/onlinelog/redo101.log
copying /u01/bak/onlinelog/group_1.261.786500755 -> +DBFILE1/ractest/onlinelog/redo101.log
對參數文件、控制文件等的拷貝也需要遵守這樣的規則。
從ASM磁盤組拷貝到文件系統較簡單，在ASMCMD執行help cp查看幫助。
參考文章：《RAC中誤將數據文件創建在本地盤時的修正》：https://blogs.oracle.com/Database4CN/entry/rac%E4%B8%AD%E8%AF%AF%E5%B0%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E5%9C%A8%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%9B%98%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3
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