Picasso開源庫源碼分析

主流的加載圖片框架有UIL(Universal-Image-Loader)、Picasso、Glide、Fresco,它們之間的對比可以參照文章全面瞭解Android主流圖片加載庫。下面來介紹Picasso圖片加載庫。


一、簡介

Picasso是一個強大的圖片下載和緩存來源庫。使用Picasso非常簡單,只需一行代碼:
使用Picasso加載圖片很容易和方便,只需一行代碼就夠了。

Picasso.with(context).load("http://i.imgur.com/DvpvklR.png").into(imageView);

Picasso不僅實現了圖片異步加載的功能,還解決了android中加載圖片時需要解決的一些常見問題:
1. 在adapter中需要取消已經不在視野範圍的ImageView圖片資源的加載,否則會導致圖片錯位,Picasso已經解決了這個問題。
2. 使用複雜的圖片壓縮轉換來儘可能的減少內存消耗;
3. 自帶內存和硬盤二級緩存功能;

特性
- Adapter中下載

Adapter的重用會被自動檢測到,Picasso會取消上次的加載。

@Override 
public void getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
  SquaredImageView view = (SquaredImageView) convertView;
  if (view == null) {
    view = new SquaredImageView(context);**
  }
  String url = getItem(position);
  Picasso.with(context).load(url).into(view);
}
  • 圖片轉換

轉換圖片以適應佈局大小並減少內存佔用

Picasso.with(context)
  .load(url)
  .resize(50, 50)
  .centerCrop()
  .into(imageView);

你還可以自定義轉換:

public class CropSquareTransformation implements Transformation {
  @Override public Bitmap transform(Bitmap source) {
    int size = Math.min(source.getWidth(), source.getHeight());
    int x = (source.getWidth() - size) / 2;
    int y = (source.getHeight() - size) / 2;
    Bitmap result = Bitmap.createBitmap(source, x, y, size, size);
    if (result != source) {
      source.recycle();
    }
    return result;
  }
  @Override public String key() { return "square()"; }
}

將CropSquareTransformation 的對象傳遞給transform 方法即可。

  • Place holder

空白或者錯誤佔位圖片:picasso提供了兩種佔位圖片,未加載完成或者加載發生錯誤的時需要一張圖片作爲提示。

 Picasso.with(context)
    .load(url)
    .placeholder(R.drawable.user_placeholder)
    .error(R.drawable.user_placeholder_error)
    .into(imageView);

如果加載發生錯誤會重複三次請求,三次都失敗纔會顯示error Place holder

  • 資源文件加載

除了加載網絡圖片picasso還支持加載Resources, assets, files, content providers中的資源文件。

Picasso.with(context).load(R.drawable.landing_screen).into(imageView1);
Picasso.with(context).load(new File(...)).into(imageView2);

下面從圖片的加載過程來分析Picasso的源碼。


二、源碼分析

源碼的分析分爲加載圖片和取消加載兩個部分,首先來看加載圖片的過程。

2.1 加載圖片

2.1.1 構造Picasso實例對象

Picasso實例對象不是通過默認的構造器來構建的,而是通過內部類Bulider方式來構建的,這樣可以方便用戶自定義構建Picasso對象。默認方法是通過with來創建。

/*
* 構造一個全局的Picasso實例對象,默認實現;
* 該實例自動初始化默認的配置,適用於大多數場景:
* 1,LRU內存緩存佔用應用RAM的15%
* 2,磁盤緩存佔用外置存儲空間的2%,至少5MB,至多50MB。只在API 14以上纔可以,或者是提供磁盤緩存的獨立庫,如OKHttp。
* 3,三個下載線程用來訪問磁盤或者網絡元素。
*
* 如果上面的配置滿足不了你的需求,則可以通過Picasso.Builder來自定義創建一個Picasso對象。
*/
public static Picasso with(@NonNull Context context) {
    if (context == null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("context == null");
    }
    if (singleton == null) {
      synchronized (Picasso.class) {
        if (singleton == null) {
          singleton = new Builder(context).build();
        }
      }
    }
    return singleton;
  }
/*
* 創建一個Picasso實例對象
*/
public Picasso build() {
    Context context = this.context;

    if (downloader == null) {
        //網絡下載
        downloader = new OkHttp3Downloader(context);
    }
    if (cache == null) {
        //內存緩存,使用1/8的可用堆內存作爲內存緩存
        cache = new LruCache(context);
    }
    if (service == null) {
        //ExecutorService服務,默認由3個線程組成
        service = new PicassoExecutorService();
    }
    if (transformer == null) {
        //請求轉換器,默認是不作任何處理
        transformer = RequestTransformer.IDENTITY;
      }
      //狀態管理器
      Stats stats = new Stats(cache);
      //分發器
      Dispatcher dispatcher = new Dispatcher(context, service, HANDLER, downloader, cache, stats);

      return new Picasso(context, dispatcher, cache, listener, transformer, requestHandlers, stats,
          defaultBitmapConfig, indicatorsEnabled, loggingEnabled);
}

Builder可以組裝構建Picasso的各種參數,例如定義內存緩存的大小。

/*
* 自定義內存緩存
*/
public Builder memoryCache(@NonNull Cache memoryCache) {
    if (memoryCache == null) {
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Memory cache must not be null.");
    }
    if (this.cache != null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Memory cache already set.");
    }
      this.cache = memoryCache;
      return this;
}

Picasso的構造函數如下:

/*
* Picasso的構造函數
*/
Picasso(Context context, Dispatcher dispatcher, Cache cache, Listener listener,
      RequestTransformer requestTransformer, List<RequestHandler> extraRequestHandlers, Stats stats,
      Bitmap.Config defaultBitmapConfig, boolean indicatorsEnabled, boolean loggingEnabled) {
    this.context = context;
    this.dispatcher = dispatcher;
    this.cache = cache;
    this.listener = listener;
    this.requestTransformer = requestTransformer;
    this.defaultBitmapConfig = defaultBitmapConfig;

    int builtInHandlers = 7; // 內部處理請求的Hanlder數量
    int extraCount = (extraRequestHandlers != null ? extraRequestHandlers.size() : 0);
    List<RequestHandler> allRequestHandlers = new ArrayList<>(builtInHandlers + extraCount);

    //ResourceRequestHandler必須放置在第一個位置
    allRequestHandlers.add(new ResourceRequestHandler(context));
    if (extraRequestHandlers != null) {
      allRequestHandlers.addAll(extraRequestHandlers);
    }
    allRequestHandlers.add(new ContactsPhotoRequestHandler(context));
    allRequestHandlers.add(new MediaStoreRequestHandler(context));
    allRequestHandlers.add(new ContentStreamRequestHandler(context));
    allRequestHandlers.add(new AssetRequestHandler(context));
    allRequestHandlers.add(new FileRequestHandler(context));
    allRequestHandlers.add(new NetworkRequestHandler(dispatcher.downloader, stats));
    requestHandlers = Collections.unmodifiableList(allRequestHandlers);

    this.stats = stats;
    this.targetToAction = new WeakHashMap<>();
    this.targetToDeferredRequestCreator = new WeakHashMap<>();
    this.indicatorsEnabled = indicatorsEnabled;
    this.loggingEnabled = loggingEnabled;
    this.referenceQueue = new ReferenceQueue<>();
    this.cleanupThread = new CleanupThread(referenceQueue, HANDLER);
    this.cleanupThread.start();
}

2.1.2 利用load方法加載圖片

Picasso支持多種加載圖片的方式,例如根據網絡Uri來加載圖片,或者是加載ResourceId指定的圖片等。所以load方法被重載了,有多種實現方式:

/*
* 利用指定的Uri來加載圖片
*/
public RequestCreator load(@Nullable Uri uri) {
    return new RequestCreator(this, uri, 0);
}

/*
* 通過指定的圖片文件來加載圖片
* 等價於調用load(Uri)方法
*/
public RequestCreator load(@NonNull File file) {
    if (file == null) {
      return new RequestCreator(this, null, 0);
    }
    return load(Uri.fromFile(file));
}

/*
* 通過指定的路徑來加載圖片
* 該方法等價調用Load(Uri)
*/
public RequestCreator load(@Nullable String path) {
    if (path == null) {
      return new RequestCreator(this, null, 0);
    }
    if (path.trim().length() == 0) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Path must not be empty.");
    }
    return load(Uri.parse(path));
  }

/*
 * 通過指定的ResourceID加載圖片
 */
public RequestCreator load(@DrawableRes int resourceId) {
    if (resourceId == 0) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Resource ID must not be zero.");
    }
    return new RequestCreator(this, null, resourceId);
}

可以看到,load方法最終都是返回一個RequestCreator。RequestCreator保存請求的參數,構造方法如下:

/*
* RequestCreator的構造函數
*/
RequestCreator(Picasso picasso, Uri uri, int resourceId) {
    if (picasso.shutdown) {
      throw new IllegalStateException(
          "Picasso instance already shut down. Cannot submit new requests.");
    }
    this.picasso = picasso;
    this.data = new Request.Builder(uri, resourceId, picasso.defaultBitmapConfig);
}

/*
 * 存儲請求的Uri和Resource Id以及Bitmap的配置
 */
  Builder(Uri uri, int resourceId, Bitmap.Config bitmapConfig) {
      this.uri = uri;
      this.resourceId = resourceId;
      this.config = bitmapConfig;
}

2.1.3 into方法將ImageView傳入

通過load方法加載的圖片,最終都要在ImageView上顯示。ImageView是通過into方法傳入的。該方法在RequestCreator中實現:

public void into(ImageView target) {
    into(target, null);
}

/*
 * 異步執行請求,請求執行完成後回調callback
 */
public void into(ImageView target, Callback callback) {
    long started = System.nanoTime();
    checkMain();

    if (target == null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Target must not be null.");
    }

    //如果沒有請求數據,即uri爲null或者resourceID爲0時,則取消請求。
    if (!data.hasImage()) {
      picasso.cancelRequest(target);
      //加載placeHolder照片
      if (setPlaceholder) {
        setPlaceholder(target, getPlaceholderDrawable());
      }
      return;
    }


    if (deferred) {
      if (data.hasSize()) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Fit cannot be used with resize.");
      }
      int width = target.getWidth();
      int height = target.getHeight();
      if (width == 0 || height == 0 || target.isLayoutRequested()) {
        if (setPlaceholder) {
          setPlaceholder(target, getPlaceholderDrawable());
        }
        picasso.defer(target, new DeferredRequestCreator(this, target, callback));
        return;
      }
      data.resize(width, height);
    }

    //創建請求以及請求的key
    Request request = createRequest(started);
    String requestKey = createKey(request);

    //從內存緩存中加載圖片
    if (shouldReadFromMemoryCache(memoryPolicy)) {
      Bitmap bitmap = picasso.quickMemoryCacheCheck(requestKey);
      if (bitmap != null) {
        picasso.cancelRequest(target);
        setBitmap(target, picasso.context, bitmap, MEMORY, noFade, picasso.indicatorsEnabled);
        if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
          log(OWNER_MAIN, VERB_COMPLETED, request.plainId(), "from " + MEMORY);
        }
        if (callback != null) {
          callback.onSuccess();
        }
        return;
      }
    }

    if (setPlaceholder) {
      setPlaceholder(target, getPlaceholderDrawable());
    }

    //創建加載圖片的Action
    Action action =
        new ImageViewAction(picasso, target, request, memoryPolicy, networkPolicy, errorResId,
            errorDrawable, requestKey, tag, callback, noFade);

    //將請求入隊列,並提交執行請求
    picasso.enqueueAndSubmit(action);
  }

RequestCretor是將Request封裝成Action,然後提交請求到任務隊列中,讓任務異步執行。在構造請求之前,先從內存緩存中查看是否意見有圖片了,如果有的話,則直接返回緩存中的圖片,並回調callback接口。

2.1.4 提交任務

RequestCreator封裝好任務請求後,將請求提交到任務隊列中,請求入隊列的過程在Picasso類中實現。

void enqueueAndSubmit(Action action) {
    Object target = action.getTarget();
    //取消先前的任務,並將任務將入任務隊列中
    if (target != null && targetToAction.get(target) != action) {
      // This will also check we are on the main thread.
      cancelExistingRequest(target);
      targetToAction.put(target, action);
    }
    //提交任務
    submit(action);
}
/*
 * 提交任務
 */
void submit(Action action) {
    dispatcher.dispatchSubmit(action);
}

Dispatcher是一個分發器,根據不同的請求命令分發給不同的方法處理,是基於Handler來傳遞請求消息的。

void dispatchSubmit(Action action) {
    handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(REQUEST_SUBMIT, action));
}

public void handleMessage(final Message msg) {
    switch (msg.what) {
        case REQUEST_SUBMIT: {
        Action action = (Action) msg.obj;
        dispatcher.performSubmit(action);
        break;
    }
    ....
}

Dispatcher最終調用performSubmit來完成任務的提交。

void performSubmit(Action action) {
    performSubmit(action, true);
}

/*
* 執行提交任務
*/
void performSubmit(Action action, boolean dismissFailed) {
    //暫停標誌
    if (pausedTags.contains(action.getTag())) {
      pausedActions.put(action.getTarget(), action);
      if (action.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
        log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_PAUSED, action.request.logId(),
            "because tag '" + action.getTag() + "' is paused");
      }
      return;
    }

    BitmapHunter hunter = hunterMap.get(action.getKey());
    if (hunter != null) {
      hunter.attach(action);
      return;
    }

    //服務關閉了
    if (service.isShutdown()) {
      if (action.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
        log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_IGNORED, action.request.logId(), "because shut down");
      }
      return;
    }

    //構建一個hunter,並提交一個任務,返回一個Future
    hunter = forRequest(action.getPicasso(), this, cache, stats, action);
    hunter.future = service.submit(hunter);
    hunterMap.put(action.getKey(), hunter);
    if (dismissFailed) {
      failedActions.remove(action.getTarget());
    }

    if (action.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
      log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_ENQUEUED, action.request.logId());
    }
 }

Dispatcher最終會構建一個BitmapHunter,並提交給ExecutorService來執行。BitmapHunter實現了Runnable接口,執行具體的請求操作。

@Override 
public void run() {
    try {
      updateThreadName(data);

      if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
        log(OWNER_HUNTER, VERB_EXECUTING, getLogIdsForHunter(this));
      }
      //通過hunt()方法區獲取執行結果
      result = hunt();

      //如果執行結果不爲空,則通過Dispatcher的dispatchComplete方法通知執行成功,否則通知執行失敗
      if (result == null) {
        dispatcher.dispatchFailed(this);
      } else {
        dispatcher.dispatchComplete(this);
      }
    } catch (Downloader.ResponseException e) {
      if (!e.localCacheOnly || e.responseCode != 504) {
        exception = e;
      }
      dispatcher.dispatchFailed(this);
    } catch (NetworkRequestHandler.ContentLengthException e) {
      exception = e;
      dispatcher.dispatchRetry(this);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      exception = e;
      dispatcher.dispatchRetry(this);
    } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
      StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
      stats.createSnapshot().dump(new PrintWriter(writer));
      exception = new RuntimeException(writer.toString(), e);
      dispatcher.dispatchFailed(this);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      exception = e;
      dispatcher.dispatchFailed(this);
    } finally {
      Thread.currentThread().setName(Utils.THREAD_IDLE_NAME);
    }
}

BitmapHunter是通過hunt方法去獲取Bitmap,如果獲取Bitmap成功,則通過Dispatcher的dispatchComplete方法通知加載成功,否則通過Dispatcher的dispatchFailed方法通知加載失敗。下面看下hunt方法加載Bitmap的過程:

Bitmap hunt() throws IOException {
    Bitmap bitmap = null;
    //判斷是否需要從內存緩存中讀取Bitmap,如果從內存緩存中,讀取成功,則直接返回,並更新stats狀態
    if (shouldReadFromMemoryCache(memoryPolicy)) {
      bitmap = cache.get(key);
      if (bitmap != null) {
        stats.dispatchCacheHit();
        loadedFrom = MEMORY;
        if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
          log(OWNER_HUNTER, VERB_DECODED, data.logId(), "from cache");
        }
        return bitmap;
      }
    }

    data.networkPolicy = retryCount == 0 ? NetworkPolicy.OFFLINE.index : networkPolicy;
    //根據指定的請求加載圖片,並將結果返回爲Result
    RequestHandler.Result result = requestHandler.load(data, networkPolicy);
    if (result != null) {
      loadedFrom = result.getLoadedFrom();
      exifRotation = result.getExifOrientation();
      //從result中獲取bitmap結果
      bitmap = result.getBitmap();

      // If there was no Bitmap then we need to decode it from the stream.
      if (bitmap == null) {
        InputStream is = result.getStream();
        try {
          //從InputStream中解碼出圖片
          bitmap = decodeStream(is, data);
        } finally {
          Utils.closeQuietly(is);
        }
      }
    }

    //如果bitmap不爲空,則判斷是否需要執行相應的轉換
    if (bitmap != null) {
      if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
        log(OWNER_HUNTER, VERB_DECODED, data.logId());
      }
      stats.dispatchBitmapDecoded(bitmap);
      if (data.needsTransformation() || exifRotation != 0) {
        synchronized (DECODE_LOCK) {
          // 如果bitmap需要轉換的話,則通過transformResult執行相應的轉換
          if (data.needsMatrixTransform() || exifRotation != 0) {
            bitmap = transformResult(data, bitmap, exifRotation);
            if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
              log(OWNER_HUNTER, VERB_TRANSFORMED, data.logId());
            }
          }
          if (data.hasCustomTransformations()) {
            bitmap = applyCustomTransformations(data.transformations, bitmap);
            if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
              log(OWNER_HUNTER, VERB_TRANSFORMED, data.logId(), "from custom transformations");
            }
          }
        }
        if (bitmap != null) {
          stats.dispatchBitmapTransformed(bitmap);
        }
      }
    }
    //返回執行結果
    return bitmap;
}

圖片的加載最終是通過RequestHandler的load方法來加載的,該方法是一個抽象方法,需要根據具體的加載策略來實現。例如從網絡上加載圖片,就是NetworkRequestHandler來處理,如果是根據resourceId來加載圖片,則使用ResourceRequestHandler來處理。

/*
* 根據指定的request來加載圖片
* @param request 加載圖片的請求。
* @param networkPolicy 請求的網絡加載策略
*/
public abstract Result load(Request request, int networkPolicy) throws IOException;

以NetworkRequestHandler爲例來說明一下圖片的加載過程。

@Override 
public Result load(Request request, int networkPolicy) throws IOException {
    //利用下載器下載請求的Uri對應的內容
    Response response = downloader.load(request.uri, request.networkPolicy);
    if (response == null) {
      return null;
    }
    //判斷響應結果的來源是來自磁盤還是網絡,因爲Picasso不自己實現磁盤緩存,而是藉助下載器的本地緩存功能,例如OkHtttp下載器就帶有緩存功能。
    Picasso.LoadedFrom loadedFrom = response.cached ? DISK : NETWORK;
    //1.從磁盤緩存中獲取Bitmap
    Bitmap bitmap = response.getBitmap();
    if (bitmap != null) {
      return new Result(bitmap, loadedFrom);
    }

    //2.從網絡中獲取Bitmap
    InputStream is = response.getInputStream();
    if (is == null) {
      return null;
    }
    // Sometimes response content length is zero when requests are being replayed. Haven't found
    // root cause to this but retrying the request seems safe to do so.
    if (loadedFrom == DISK && response.getContentLength() == 0) {
      Utils.closeQuietly(is);
      throw new ContentLengthException("Received response with 0 content-length header.");
    }

    if (loadedFrom == NETWORK && response.getContentLength() > 0) {
      stats.dispatchDownloadFinished(response.getContentLength());
    }
    return new Result(is, loadedFrom);
}

從上面可以看到,圖片的加載過程是通過Downloader的load方法來加載的,該方法是Downloader接口中的一個方法,需要具體的加載器實現,例如OkHttpDownloader下載器。

/*
* 根據指定的Uri下載圖片
*/
Response load(Uri uri, int networkPolicy) throws IOException;

在load加載完圖片後,會判斷該圖片是從磁盤緩存中加載出來的,還是從網絡上獲取的,並更新加載標誌,返回加載的bitmap。需要注意的是Picasso沒有自己實現本地磁盤緩存,而是藉助下載器的本地磁盤緩存,Picasso自身只實現了內存緩存。

至此,一個完整的圖片加載的大致流程出來了。時序圖如下:
圖片加載時序圖

2.2 取消加載圖片

一個好的圖片加載庫不僅需要支持靈活的加載配置,而且也要支持相應的取消操作。在某些的情況下,需要提前取消圖片加載的任務,以減少系統資源的消耗。

取消加載圖片的方法是通過Picasso的cancelRequest()方法來實現的,cancelRequest()方法有三種實現,分別爲:

public void cancelRequest(ImageView view) {
    cancelExistingRequest(view);
}
public void cancelRequest(Target target) {
    cancelExistingRequest(target);
}
public void cancelRequest(RemoteViews remoteViews, int viewId) {
    cancelExistingRequest(new RemoteViewsAction.RemoteViewsTarget(remoteViews, viewId));
}

這三個取消方法最終都是調用到cancelExistingRequest()方法,cancelExistingRequest()方法實現如下:

private void cancelExistingRequest(Object target) {
    checkMain();
    //首先獲取該target對應的action
    Action action = targetToAction.remove(target);
    if (action != null) {
      action.cancel();
      //調用Dispatcher的dispatchCancel方法發送取消指令
      dispatcher.dispatchCancel(action);
    }

    //如果target是ImageView,則調用延遲請求的cancel方法
    if (target instanceof ImageView) {
      ImageView targetImageView = (ImageView) target;
      DeferredRequestCreator deferredRequestCreator =
          targetToDeferredRequestCreator.remove(targetImageView);
      if (deferredRequestCreator != null) {
        deferredRequestCreator.cancel();
      }
    }
}

可以看到cancelExistingRequest的主要工作有兩部分:一部分是通過Dispatcher發送取消Action操作的消息;另外一部分是針對ImageView,調用延遲請求的cancel方法。

2.2.1 Dispatcher發送取消消息

首先來看下Dispatcher的dispatchCancel方法,方法如下所示:

void dispatchCancel(Action action) {
    handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(REQUEST_CANCEL, action));
}

handler由DispatcherHandler內部類實現,sendMessage方法發送消息後,最終調用到handleMessage方法來處理消息:

@Override 
public void handleMessage(final Message msg) {
    case REQUEST_CANCEL: {
          Action action = (Action) msg.obj;
          dispatcher.performCancel(action);
          break;
        }
}

void performCancel(Action action) {
    //獲取action對應的key,然後根據key獲取對應的BitmapHunter,BitmapHunter是一個Runnable對象
    String key = action.getKey();
    BitmapHunter hunter = hunterMap.get(key);
    if (hunter != null) {
      //將action分離,並重新計算action新的優先級
      hunter.detach(action);
      //調用BitmapHunter的cancel方法,最終調用Future的cancel方法。
      if (hunter.cancel()) {
        //移除該key對應的BitmapHunter
        hunterMap.remove(key);
        if (action.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
          log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_CANCELED, action.getRequest().logId());
        }
      }
    }

    //如果該Action包含暫停標誌,則從暫停Actions集合中移除該Action
    if (pausedTags.contains(action.getTag())) {
      pausedActions.remove(action.getTarget());
      if (action.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
        log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_CANCELED, action.getRequest().logId(),
            "because paused request got canceled");
      }
    }
    //從失敗Action中移除該Action
    Action remove = failedActions.remove(action.getTarget());
    if (remove != null && remove.getPicasso().loggingEnabled) {
      log(OWNER_DISPATCHER, VERB_CANCELED, remove.getRequest().logId(), "from replaying");
    }
  }

可以看到PerformCancel方法的主要作用先分離該Action,然後調用Future的Cancel方法去真正取消任務。任務取消完成後,移除該key對應的BitmapHunter以及其他集合中包含的該Action。
BitmapHunter的Cancel方法如下:

boolean cancel() {
    return action == null
        && (actions == null || actions.isEmpty())
        && future != null
        && future.cancel(false);
}

action以及actions集合在BitmapHunter的detach方法被置爲空了:

void detach(Action action) {
    boolean detached = false;
    //如果當前執行的action就是需要取消的action
    if (this.action == action) {
      this.action = null;
      detached = true;
    } else if (actions != null) {
      detached = actions.remove(action);
    }

    // The action being detached had the highest priority. Update this
    // hunter's priority with the remaining actions.
    // action被分離後,需要重新計算actions集合中其他action的優先級
    if (detached && action.getPriority() == priority) {
      priority = computeNewPriority();
    }

    if (picasso.loggingEnabled) {
      log(OWNER_HUNTER, VERB_REMOVED, action.request.logId(), getLogIdsForHunter(this, "from "));
    }
  }

至此,cancelExistingRequest的第一部分工作完成了,發送一個取消消息,由Dispatcher真正去取消一個任。接下來看cancelExistingRequest的第二部分工作,調用延遲請求的cancel方法。

2.2.2 延遲請求的取消

當嘗試調整圖片的大小適應ImageView的邊界,這將延遲執行該請求直至ImageView佈局好了。具體在RequestCreator的fit方法中實現:

public RequestCreator fit() {
    //設置deferred標誌位爲true
    deferred = true;
    return this;
}

需要注意的是fit()方法只能用於ImageView,在調用into(ImageView,Callback)方法時,會根據deferred標誌決定是否需要創建一個DeferredRequestCreator,into方法實現如下:

public void into(ImageView target, Callback callback) {
    .....省略部分代碼
    if (deferred) {
      if (data.hasSize()) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Fit cannot be used with resize.");
      }
      int width = target.getWidth();
      int height = target.getHeight();
      if (width == 0 || height == 0) {
        if (setPlaceholder) {
          setPlaceholder(target, getPlaceholderDrawable());
        }
        //創建一個DeferredRequestCreator對象,並調用Picasso的defer方法。
        picasso.defer(target, new DeferredRequestCreator(this, target, callback));
        return;
      }
      data.resize(width, height);
    }
    ......省略部分代碼
  }

void defer(ImageView view, DeferredRequestCreator request) {
    targetToDeferredRequestCreator.put(view, request);
}

Picasso的defer方法主要將ImageView和DeferredRequestCreator保存到一個HashMap集合中,以Key值爲鍵值。我們再回過頭來看cancelExistingRequest的延遲請求取消的部分:

private void cancelExistingRequest(Object target) {
  .....省略部分代碼
    if (target instanceof ImageView) {
      ImageView targetImageView = (ImageView) target;
      //獲取DeferredRequestCreator對象
      DeferredRequestCreator deferredRequestCreator =
          targetToDeferredRequestCreator.remove(targetImageView);
      //如果DeferredRequestCreator不爲空,則調用cancel方法
      if (deferredRequestCreator != null) {
        deferredRequestCreator.cancel();
      }
    }
}

void cancel() {
    callback = null;
    //DeferredRequestCreator持有ImageView的弱引用
    ImageView target = this.target.get();
    if (target == null) {
      return;
    }
    //獲取視圖樹的監聽器
    ViewTreeObserver vto = target.getViewTreeObserver();
    if (!vto.isAlive()) {
      return;
    }
    //移除OnPreDrawListener的監聽
    vto.removeOnPreDrawListener(this);
}

在DeferredRequestCreator的構造器中,註冊了監聽視圖樹的監聽,當一個視圖樹將要繪製時,首先回調監聽函數onPreDraw函數。這樣可以在ImageView繪製前,先獲取ImageView的寬高,然後重新發送請求以滿足ImageView的邊界要求,這也是叫延遲請求的緣由了。

class DeferredRequestCreator implements ViewTreeObserver.OnPreDrawListener {
    DeferredRequestCreator(RequestCreator creator, ImageView target, Callback callback) {
    this.creator = creator;
    this.target = new WeakReference<ImageView>(target);
    this.callback = callback;
    target.getViewTreeObserver().addOnPreDrawListener(this);
  }

  @Override 
  public boolean onPreDraw() {
    ImageView target = this.target.get();
    if (target == null) {
      return true;
    }
    ViewTreeObserver vto = target.getViewTreeObserver();
    if (!vto.isAlive()) {
      return true;
    }

    int width = target.getWidth();
    int height = target.getHeight();

    if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
      return true;
    }

    vto.removeOnPreDrawListener(this);

    this.creator.unfit().resize(width, height).into(target, callback);
    return true;
  }
}

至此,完成了延遲請求的取消操作了。

可以看到取消圖片的加載過程,大致包含了取消當前執行的任務,以及ImageView的延遲請求取消操作。


三、Picasso關鍵類圖

picasso開源框架中包含了內存緩存、下載器、任務執行器以及分發器等各個模塊,他們之間的關係可以用類圖來表示:
Picasso類圖
可以看到Picasso類圖,大致可以分爲以下幾個部分:

Downloaderader:下載器,定義了下載的接口,具體的實現的有OkHttpDownloader和UrlConnectionDownloader。OkHttpDownloader是利用OkHttp來下載圖片的。UrlConnectionDownloader是利用HttpURLConnection來下載圖片的。也可以自定義實現下載器,只需實現loadheshutdown方法。

Cache: 緩存,定義了緩存的接口,這裏的具體實現是LruCache實現的內存緩存。LruCache是基於最近使用原則來保存緩存項。也可以自定義實現緩存,只需實現Cache接口中的方法。

ExecutorService: 任務執行器,這裏的具體實現是PicassoExecutorService,默認是支持3個線程同時工作,採用的優先級隊列。也可以自定義實現任務執行器,只需實現ExecutorService接口中的方法。

Action:任務請求的封裝,定義了任務執行的接口。這裏的具體實現有ImageViewAction、RemoteViewsAction、TargetAction等。在Action中定義了任務執行完成的complete方法和任務出錯的方法error。

Stats:統計任務執行狀態,包括從緩存中命中圖片的次數、總共下載的圖片大小、平均下載圖片的大小、下載次數等等。

RequestHandler:請求處理器,可以處理各種類型的請求。請求圖片可以通過Uri從網絡上獲取,也可以通過ResourceId獲取,RequestHandler是一個抽象類型,可以讓用戶選擇處理請求的方式,目前支持7種內在類型的圖片請求。ResourceRequestHandler是處理ResourceID的圖片請求,NetworkRequestHandler是處理網絡Uri圖片請求。每個請求都通過load方法實現具體的加載邏輯。

RequestCreator:構建圖片加載請求,定義into方法,最終將請求添加到任務隊列中去執行。

Dispatcher:分發器,協調各個模塊的運行,是整個框架的核心樞紐。通過Handler來傳遞消息,完成狀態的流轉。


四、總結

Picasso是Square公司開源的一個圖片加載庫,Picasso自身是不實現“本地緩存”的,需要搭配下載器來實現本地緩存,例如Square開源的OKHttp就提供了本地緩存功能。Picasso整體使用還是比較簡單,源碼也不是很複雜,是圖片加載庫的一個好的選擇。

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