創建maven項目

maven是個項目管理工具，集各種功能於一身，下面介紹maven web項目在eclipse種的配置，並於tomcat集成。配置成功後，可以跟一般的web項目一樣調試。主要的操作過程都可以搜索出來，這裏介紹我的maven項目的相關配置文件以及常見的錯誤。

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>cn.com.liandisys</groupId>
  <artifactId>項目名稱</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  
  <!-- 定義相關屬性 -->  
  <properties>  
    <jdk-version>1.7</jdk-version>  
    <junit-version>4.11</junit-version>  
    <spring-version>4.0.9.RELEASE</spring-version>  
  </properties> 
  
  <!-- 定義依賴包 -->  
  <dependencies>  
    <!-- spring begin-->  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>  
        <version>${spring-version}</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>  
        <version>${spring-version}</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>  
        <version>${spring-version}</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>  
        <version>${spring-version}</version>  
    </dependency>    
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>  
        <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>  
        <version>1.3.2.RELEASE</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <!-- spring end -->  
      
      
    <!-- servlet begin -->  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>  
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>  
        <version>3.0-alpha-1</version>  
        <scope>provided</scope>  
    </dependency>  
    <!-- servlet end -->  
      
      
    <!-- junit begin -->  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>junit</groupId>  
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>  
        <version>${junit-version}</version>  
        <scope>test</scope>  
    </dependency>  
    <!-- junit end -->  
      
      
    <!-- hibernate begin -->  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>  
        <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>  
        <version>4.2.1.Final</version>  
    </dependency>  
        <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>  
        <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>  
        <version>4.2.1.Final</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.hibernate.common</groupId>  
        <artifactId>hibernate-commons-annotations</artifactId>  
        <version>4.0.1.Final</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>  
        <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>  
        <version>5.0.0.Final</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <!-- hibernate end -->  
      
      
    <!--logger begin -->  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  
        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>  
        <version>1.7.5</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  
        <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>  
        <version>1.7.5</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  
        <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>  
        <version>1.7.5</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <!-- logger end -->  
      
      
    <!-- database begin -->  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>  
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>  
        <version>5.1.25</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <!-- database end -->  
      
      
    <!-- apache commons begin -->  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>  
        <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>  
        <version>20030825.184428</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>commons-pool</groupId>  
        <artifactId>commons-pool</artifactId>  
        <version>20030825.183949</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>commons-collections</groupId>  
        <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>  
        <version>2.1</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <!-- apache commons end -->
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
    	<version>4.0.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 導入sqlserver數據庫鏈接jar包 -->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>com.microsoft.sqlserver</groupId>
		<artifactId>sqljdbc4</artifactId>
		<version>4.0</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>log4j</groupId>
		<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
		<version>1.2.17</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
		<version>4.0.2.RELEASE</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>jstl</groupId>
		<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
		<version>1.2</version>
	</dependency>
  </dependencies>
    
  
</project>

以上的這段pom.xml配置可以直接在網上搜索或者是手動添加，需要的jar包就可以直接下載下來。

但是這段配置可能會報錯，因爲你的JDK版本過低，所以可以在這裏強行制定JDK版本。在<project></project>中添加如下代碼：

 <!-- 配置構建 -->  
  <build>  
    <plugins>
			<!-- 指定JDK版本 -->
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>3.1</version>
				<configuration>
					<source>1.7</source>
					<target>1.7</target>
					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
			<!-- ant插件 -->
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>${jdk-version}</version>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
 </build>  

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
	id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<filter>
		<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>encoding</param-name>
			<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>
	</listener>
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>classpath:applicationContext-mvc.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
		<async-supported>true</async-supported>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
	
	<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.png</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.mp4</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
	id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<filter>
		<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>encoding</param-name>
			<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>
	</listener>
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>classpath:applicationContext-mvc.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
		<async-supported>true</async-supported>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
	
	<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.png</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.mp4</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

applicationContext-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd">

	<!-- mvc 驅動 -->
	<mvc:annotation-driven />
	
	<!-- 自動掃描且只掃描@Controller -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="包名"
		use-default-filters="false">
		<context:include-filter type="annotation"
			expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
	</context:component-scan>
	
	<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="redirect:/main" />
	
	<!-- 視圖解析器 -->
	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
	</bean>

</beans>

以上就是配置的主要xml文件內容，當然一些名稱和需要用的路徑需要自己根據需要來修改。目錄結構如下：