我所使用的MATLAB版本——MATLAB R2017a
MATLAB的GUI的操作其他人寫的很清楚了，在此不再贅述。
MATLAB的GUI的基本操作可見：GUI基本操作
這次所設計的鋼琴有簡單的七個琴鍵，DO RE MI FA SO LA XI
首先在命令行中輸入
guide
即可調出gui設計頁面，選擇第一個選項的空白GUI，然後點確定即可
在工具欄的右側選擇按鈕，在界面上畫出一長方形代表按鍵，並用ctrl+c,ctrl+v創造出七個琴鍵，並對齊排列
雙擊按鍵可打開具體的參數設置，其中有前景色、背景色、字體、標誌、類型等，可以更加的個性化。
其中的STRING代表在GUI界面的名字，tag是生成的代碼中的標誌（在保存後還會生成一代碼文件）
修改後即可看到第一個琴鍵的名字爲DO，同理我們可以把其餘其他按鍵命名，最後我們可以得到如下圖所示：
在保存之後會自動生成一代碼，其中大部分我們不需要關心，我們要關注的就是其中的Do_Callback（）等回調函數（Do是我們命名的tag使然），也就是我們按一次按鍵會執行一次回調函數。
function Do_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Do (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
爲了發出鋼琴聲我們還需要編寫一發聲函數，具體代碼如下：
function y = gen_wave( tone, rythm )
% 音調 拍
Fs = 8192;
freqs = [523, 587, 659, 698, 783, 880, 988];
x = linspace(0, 2 * pi * rythm, floor(Fs * rythm));
y = sin(freqs(tone) * x) .*(1- x/(rythm * 2 *pi));
end
函數具體內容參見我的另一博客：MATLAB如何創造音樂
所以在DO按鍵的回調函數中應該這樣寫：
function Do_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Do (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
y = gen_wave(1,1);
sound(y,8192);
同理在此給出所有代碼：
function varargout = piano(varargin)
% PIANO MATLAB code for piano.fig
% PIANO, by itself, creates a new PIANO or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = PIANO returns the handle to a new PIANO or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% PIANO('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in PIANO.M with the given input arguments.
%
% PIANO('Property','Value',...) creates a new PIANO or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before piano_OpeningFcn gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to piano_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help piano
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 06-Feb-2020 16:54:20
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @piano_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @piano_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before piano is made visible.
function piano_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to piano (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for piano
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes piano wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = piano_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
% --- Executes on button press in Do.
function Do_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Do (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
y = gen_wave(1,1);
sound(y,8192);
% --- Executes on button press in Re.
function Re_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Re (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
y = gen_wave(2,1);
sound(y,8192);
% --- Executes on button press in Mi.
function Mi_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Mi (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
y = gen_wave(3,1);
sound(y,8192);
% --- Executes on button press in Fa.
function Fa_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Fa (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
y = gen_wave(4,1);
sound(y,8192);
% --- Executes on button press in So.
function So_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to So (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
y = gen_wave(5,1);
sound(y,8192);
% --- Executes on button press in La.
function La_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to La (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
y = gen_wave(6,1);
sound(y,8192);
% --- Executes on button press in Xi.
function Xi_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Xi (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
y = gen_wave(7,1);
sound(y,8192);
再結合我們的 gen_wave（）函數即可發出音樂聲（有時候剛開始可能會有一些延遲。。。）
以上就是用MATLAB的GUI如何設計鋼琴界面並能發聲的教程了，如果感覺有意思，點個贊，O(∩_∩)O哈哈~
參考博客：GUI基本知識
gen_wave函數設計