C#實戰小技巧（十九）：實現應用程序開機自啓動

使用C#的WPF、WinForm框架開發的Windows應用程序，經常會有需要實現開啓自啓動功能的需求，本文將介紹兩種編程實現方式，包含示例代碼。

方法1 修改註冊表
將程序路徑寫入計算機開機啓動的註冊表中，這種方式需要進行寫入註冊表操作的程序具有計算機管理員權限。至於如何實現讓程序具有管理員權限，可參考之前的博客WPF實戰小技巧（七）：實現以管理員身份運行

添加引用：

using Microsoft.Win32;

方法1示例代碼：

		/// <summary>
        /// 判斷註冊鍵值對是否存在，即是否處於開機啓動狀態
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="keyName">鍵值名</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private bool isKeyExist(string keyName)
        {
            bool isExist = false;
            try
            {
                using (RegistryKey local = Registry.LocalMachine)
                {
                    using (RegistryKey runs = local.OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run", true))
                    {
                        if (runs != null)
                        {
                            string[] runsNames = runs.GetValueNames();
                            foreach (string strName in runsNames)
                            {
                                if (strName.ToUpper() == keyName.ToUpper())
                                {
                                    isExist = true;
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
            }

            return isExist;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 寫入或刪除註冊表鍵值對,即設爲開機啓動或開機不啓動
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="isStart">是否開機啓動</param>
        /// <param name="exeName">應用程序名</param>
        /// <param name="path">應用程序路徑帶程序名</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private bool setAutoRunning(bool isStart, string exeName, string path)
        {
            try
            {
                using (RegistryKey local = Registry.LocalMachine)
                {
                    using (RegistryKey key = local.OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run", true))
                    {
                        if (key == null)
                        {
                            local.CreateSubKey("SOFTWARE//Microsoft//Windows//CurrentVersion//Run");
                        }

                        //若開機自啓動，則添加鍵值對，否則刪除鍵值對
                        if (isStart)
                        {
                            key.SetValue(exeName, path);
                            key.Close();
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            string[] keyNames = key.GetValueNames();
                            foreach (string keyName in keyNames)
                            {
                                if (keyName.ToUpper() == exeName.ToUpper())
                                {
                                    key.DeleteValue(exeName);
                                    key.Close();
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
                return false;
            }

            return true;
        }

方法2 自啓動目錄下添加快捷方式
如果不想使用管理員權限，也可將應用程序的快捷方式創建到計算機的自啓動目錄下，實現開機自啓動。

添加引用：

using System.IO;
using System.Diagnostics;
using IWshRuntimeLibrary; //添加引用，在 Com 中搜索 Windows Script Host Object Model

方法2示例代碼：

		/// <summary>
        /// 自定義快捷方式名稱
        /// </summary>
        private const string quickName = "AppClient";

        /// <summary>
        /// 自動獲取系統自動啓動目錄
        /// </summary>
        private string systemStartPath
        {
            get
            {
                return Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Startup);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 自動獲取程序完整路徑
        /// </summary>
        private string appAllPath
        {
            get
            {
                return Process.GetCurrentProcess().MainModule.FileName;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 自動獲取桌面目錄
        /// </summary>
        private string desktopPath
        {
            get
            {
                return Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.DesktopDirectory);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 設置開機自啓動
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="onOff">自啓開關</param>
        public void SetAutoStart(bool onOff = true)
        {
            if (onOff) //開機啓動
            {
                //獲取啓動路徑應用程序快捷方式的路徑集合
                List<string> shortcutPaths = GetQuickFromFolder(systemStartPath, appAllPath);
                //存在2個以快捷方式則保留一個快捷方式，避免重複
                if (shortcutPaths.Count >= 2)
                {
                    for (int i = 1; i < shortcutPaths.Count; i++)
                    {
                        DeleteFile(shortcutPaths[i]);
                    }
                }
                else if (shortcutPaths.Count < 1)//不存在則創建快捷方式
                {
                    CreateShortcut(systemStartPath, quickName, appAllPath, "Client");
                }
            }
            else //開機不啓動
            {
                //獲取啓動路徑應用程序快捷方式的路徑集合
                List<string> shortcutPaths = GetQuickFromFolder(systemStartPath, appAllPath);
                //存在快捷方式則遍歷全部刪除
                if (shortcutPaths.Count > 0)
                {
                    for (int i = 0; i < shortcutPaths.Count; i++)
                    {
                        DeleteFile(shortcutPaths[i]);
                    }
                }
            }

            //創建桌面快捷方式
            this.CreateDesktopQuick(desktopPath, quickName, appAllPath);
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///  向目標路徑創建指定文件的快捷方式
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="directory">目標目錄</param>
        /// <param name="shortcutName">快捷方式名字</param>
        /// <param name="targetPath">文件完全路徑</param>
        /// <param name="description">描述</param>
        /// <param name="iconLocation">圖標地址</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private bool CreateShortcut(string directory, string shortcutName, string targetPath, string description = null, string iconLocation = null)
        {
            try
            {
                //目錄不存在則創建
                if (!Directory.Exists(directory))
                {
                    Directory.CreateDirectory(directory);
                }

                //添加引用 Com 中搜索 Windows Script Host Object Model
                string shortcutPath = Path.Combine(directory, string.Format("{0}.lnk", shortcutName));          //合成路徑
                WshShell shell = new IWshRuntimeLibrary.WshShell();
                IWshShortcut shortcut = (IWshRuntimeLibrary.IWshShortcut)shell.CreateShortcut(shortcutPath);    //創建快捷方式對象
                shortcut.TargetPath = targetPath;                                                               //指定目標路徑
                shortcut.WorkingDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(targetPath);                                  //設置起始位置
                shortcut.WindowStyle = 1;                                                                       //設置運行方式，默認爲常規窗口
                shortcut.Description = description;                                                             //設置備註
                shortcut.IconLocation = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(iconLocation) ? targetPath : iconLocation;    //設置圖標路徑
                shortcut.Save();                                                                                //保存快捷方式

                return true;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
            }

            return false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取指定文件夾下指定應用程序的快捷方式路徑集合
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="directory">文件夾</param>
        /// <param name="targetPath">目標應用程序路徑</param>
        /// <returns>目標應用程序的快捷方式</returns>
        private List<string> GetQuickFromFolder(string directory, string targetPath)
        {
            List<string> tempStrs = new List<string>();
            tempStrs.Clear();
            string tempStr = null;
            string[] files = Directory.GetFiles(directory, "*.lnk");
            if (files == null || files.Length < 1)
            {
                return tempStrs;
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < files.Length; i++)
            {
                tempStr = this.GetAppPathFromQuick(files[i]);
                if (tempStr == targetPath)
                {
                    tempStrs.Add(files[i]);
                }
            }

            return tempStrs;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取快捷方式的目標文件路徑-用於判斷是否已經開啓了自動啓動
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="shortcutPath"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private string GetAppPathFromQuick(string shortcutPath)
        {
            //快捷方式文件的路徑 = @"d:\Test.lnk";
            if (System.IO.File.Exists(shortcutPath))
            {
                WshShell shell = new WshShell();
                IWshShortcut shortct = (IWshShortcut)shell.CreateShortcut(shortcutPath);
                //快捷方式文件指向的路徑.Text = 當前快捷方式文件IWshShortcut類.TargetPath;
                //快捷方式文件指向的目標目錄.Text = 當前快捷方式文件IWshShortcut類.WorkingDirectory;
                return shortct.TargetPath;
            }
            else
            {
                return string.Empty;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根據路徑刪除文件-用於取消自啓時從計算機自啓目錄刪除程序的快捷方式
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">路徑</param>
        private void DeleteFile(string path)
        {
            FileAttributes attr = System.IO.File.GetAttributes(path);
            if (attr == FileAttributes.Directory)
            {
                Directory.Delete(path, true);
            }
            else
            {
                System.IO.File.Delete(path);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 在桌面上創建快捷方式-如果需要可以調用
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="desktopPath">桌面地址</param>
        /// <param name="appPath">應用路徑</param>
        private void CreateDesktopQuick(string desktopPath = "", string quickName = "", string appPath = "")
        {
            List<string> shortcutPaths = this.GetQuickFromFolder(desktopPath, appPath);
            //如果沒有則創建
            if (shortcutPaths.Count < 1)
            {
                this.CreateShortcut(desktopPath, quickName, appPath, "軟件描述");
            }
        }