我是如何爬取全國機票和航班信息的

前言：

因爲疫情原因，在家閒的無聊，於是看了一下廈門飛往武漢的機票只要200元，於是我誕生了一個爬取機票的念頭

目標:

爬取未來40天全國飛往廈門的機票價格及航班信息

Ajax介紹:

AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript and XML（異步的 JavaScript 和 XML）。
AJAX 是一種在無需重新加載整個網頁的情況下，能夠更新部分網頁的技術。

起始URL:

https://flights.ctrip.com/itinerary/oneway/sjw-xmn?date=2020-03-25

明確爬取數據信息:

通過 網頁檢查–> network --> XHR 頭部 可以看到機票信息的 api
https://flights.ctrip.com/itinerary/api/12808/products

這個api網址是無法訪問的,不過依舊有數據傳送,我們只能通過模擬頭部請求獲取(payload是一種以JSON格式進行數據傳輸的一種方式)

發現有一個products 的文件 (如果沒有 請嘗試 F5 刷新頁面)

我們可以看到Json數據都在response當中,也就是我們想要的航班信息,機票價格都是通過這個文件傳送的.
我們複製這行Json數據在其他軟件展開便於觀察內容,(或者網頁搜索:Json在線解析)

首先是航班信息:

往下有機票價格:

我們看到機票價格分了很多種類,有售價,打折的價格,我們就爬取第一個price就好了,經過觀察大部分價格都是一樣的

我們已經明確的要爬取的信息了, 接下來就開始抓取數據吧

先獲取一天一個城市的航班信息

獲取Json 信息:

import requests
import json
from fake_useragent import UserAgent

if __name__ == "__main__":

    url = url = "https://flights.ctrip.com/itinerary/api/12808/products/oneway/sjw,sjw-xmn?date=2020-03-25"
    # 這裏的url 必須寫全！！！

    headers = {
        "User-Agent": '{}'.format(UserAgent().random), # 構造隨機請求頭
        "Referer": "https://flights.ctrip.com/itinerary/oneway/sjw-xmn?date=2020-03-25",
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
    }
    request_payload = {
        "flightWay": "Oneway",
        "classType": "ALL",
        "hasChild": False,
        "hasBaby": False,
        "searchIndex": 1,
        "airportParams": [
            {"dcity": "SJW", "acity": "XMN", "dcityname": "石家莊", "acityname": "廈門", "date": "2020-03-25", "dcityid": 428}
        ]
         "token": 從頭部獲取的token,寫在這裏
    }

    # post請求
    response = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(request_payload), headers=headers).text
    print(response)

Json 提取信息

# post請求
    response = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(request_payload), headers=headers, timeout=30).text
    # 避免爬取過快 設置延遲
     #  json.dumps 將 Python 對象編碼成 JSON 字符串
    routeList = json.loads(response).get('data').get('routeList')
    # json.loads 將已編碼的 JSON 字符串解碼爲 Python 對象
    # 依次讀取每條信息
    for route in routeList:
        # 判斷是否有信息，有時候沒有會報錯
        if len(route.get('legs')) == 1:
            legs = route.get('legs')
            flight = legs[0].get('flight')
            # 提取想要的信息
            airlineName = flight.get('airlineName')
            flightNumber = flight.get('flightNumber')
            departureDate = flight.get('departureDate')
            arrivalDate = flight.get('arrivalDate')
            departureCityName = flight.get('departureAirportInfo').get('cityName')
            departureAirportName = flight.get('departureAirportInfo').get('airportName')
            arrivalCityName = flight.get('arrivalAirportInfo').get('cityName')
            arrivalAirportName = flight.get('arrivalAirportInfo').get('airportName')

            print(airlineName, "\t",
                          flightNumber, "\t",
                          price, "\t",
                          departureDate, "\t",
                          arrivalDate, "\t",
                          craftTypeName, "\t",
                          departureCityName, "\t",
                          departureAirportName, "\t",
                          departureterminal, "\t",
                          arrivalCityName, "\t",
                          arrivalAirportName, "\t",
                          arrivalterminal, )
       else:
           pass

然而我們只獲取了一天的數據是並沒有什麼參考價值的,接下來我們獲取未來40天的航班信息

未來40天爬取

首先我們先構造一個日期遍歷的方法

def gen_dates(start_date, day_counts):
    next_day = timedelta(days=1)  # timedalte 是datetime中的一個對象，該對象表示兩個時間的差值,day=1表示相差一天
    for i in range(day_counts):  # 從起始時間的現在
        yield start_date + next_day * i


def get_date_list(start_date):
    """
    :param start_date: 開始時間
    :return: 開始時間未來40天后的日期列表
    """
    if start_date < datetime.datetime.now():
        start = datetime.datetime.now()
    else:
        start = start_date

    end = start + datetime.timedelta(days=40)  # 爬取未來一個月的機票
    data = []
    for d in gen_dates(start, ((end - start).days)):
        data.append(d.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
    return date
    
    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    start_date = datetime.datetime.strptime("2020-03-25", "%Y-%m-%d")  # 類型爲 <class 'datetime.datetime'>
    

返回的data是一個日期列表,這樣我們就能自定義起始日期,獲取未來40天的航班信息!

當然,一個城市怎麼夠呢, 我們可以根據不同出發城市的頭部獲取更多的航班信息

多個城市航班信息

我們只需要把信息放在一個盒子裏後面通過 format自動添加就可

cities_data = [
    {"dcity": "SJW", "acity": "XMN", "dcityname": "石家莊", "acityname": "廈門", "date": "{}", "dcityid": 428, "token": "*********************"},
    {"dcity": "BJS", "acity": "XMN", "dcityname": "北京", "acityname": "廈門", "date": "{}", "dcityid": 1, "token": "**********************"},
    ]

寫入 CSV

path = "/home/liuyang/Spider/Scrapy_Project/ScrapyS/Airtickets/TO_XMN{}.csv".format(start_date)
# 創建csv文件對象
with open(path, "a+") as f:
    writer = csv.writer(f, dialect="excel")
    # 基於文件對象構建 csv寫入對象
    csv_write = csv.writer(f)
    csv_data = [airlineName, flightNumber,
                departureCityName, departureAirportName, departureterminal, departureDate,
                arrivalDate, arrivalCityName, arrivalAirportName, arrivalterminal,
                price, craftTypeName]
    csv_write.writerow(csv_data)
    f.close()

完整代碼

import csv
import requests
import json
import datetime
from datetime import timedelta
from fake_useragent import UserAgent


def gen_dates(start_date, day_counts):
    next_day = timedelta(days=1)  # timedalte 是datetime中的一個對象，該對象表示兩個時間的差值,day=1表示相差一天
    for i in range(day_counts):  # 從起始時間的現在
        yield start_date + next_day * i


def get_date_list(start_date):
    """
    :param start_date: 開始時間
    :return: 開始時間未來40天后的日期列表
    """
    if start_date < datetime.datetime.now():
        start = datetime.datetime.now()
    else:
        start = start_date

    end = start + datetime.timedelta(days=40)  # 爬取未來一個月的機票
    data = []
    for d in gen_dates(start, ((end - start).days)):
        data.append(d.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
    return data


cities_data = [
    {"dcity": "SJW", "acity": "XMN", "dcityname": "石家莊", "acityname": "廈門", "date": "{}", "dcityid": 428, "token": "********你的token令牌************"},
    {"dcity": "BJS", "acity": "XMN", "dcityname": "北京", "acityname": "廈門", "date": "{}", "dcityid": 1, "token": "***********************"},
    ]



if __name__ == "__main__":
    start_date = datetime.datetime.strptime("2020-03-25", "%Y-%m-%d")  # <class 'datetime.datetime'>
    date_data = get_date_list(start_date)
    for city_data in cities_data:
        for day in date_data:
            # url = "https://flights.ctrip.com/itinerary/api/12808/products/oneway/sjw,sjw-xmn?date={}".format(day)
            url = "https://flights.ctrip.com/itinerary/api/12808/products/oneway/{},{}-xmn?date={}".format(city_data.get('dcity'),
                                                                                                           city_data.get('dcity'),
                                                                                                           day)
            # 這裏的url 必須寫全！！！不能只寫個path

            headers = {
                'User-Agent': '{}'.format(UserAgent().random),
                'Referer': 'https://flights.ctrip.com/itinerary/oneway/{},{}-xmn?date={}'.format(city_data.get('dcity'),
                                                                                                 city_data.get('dcity'),
                                                                                                 day),
                "Content-Type": "application/json"
            }

            request_payload = {
                "flightWay": "Oneway",
                "classType": "ALL",
                "hasChild": False,
                "hasBaby": False,
                "searchIndex": 1,
                "airportParams": [
                    {"dcity": "{}".format(city_data.get('dcity')),
                     "acity": "XMN",
                     "dcityname": "{}".format(city_data.get('dcityname')),
                     "acityname": "廈門",
                     "date": "{}".format(day),
                     "dcityid": "{}".format(city_data.get('dcityid'))}
                ],
                "token": "{}".format(city_data.get('token'))
            }

            # post請求
            response = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(request_payload), headers=headers, timeout=30).text
            #  json.dumps 將 Python 對象編碼成 JSON 字符串
            routeList = json.loads(response).get('data').get('routeList')  # 字典 get('key') 返回 value
            # json.loads 將已編碼的 JSON 字符串解碼爲 Python 對象
            # 依次讀取每條信息
            for route in routeList:
                # 判斷是否有信息，有時候沒有會報錯
                if len(route.get('legs')) == 1:
                    legs = route.get('legs')
                    flight = legs[0].get('flight')
                    # 提取想要的信息
                    airlineName = flight.get('airlineName')
                    flightNumber = flight.get('flightNumber')
                    craftTypeName = flight.get('craftTypeName')

                    departureCityName = flight.get('departureAirportInfo').get('cityName')
                    departureAirportName = flight.get('departureAirportInfo').get('airportName')
                    departureterminal = flight.get('departureAirportInfo').get('terminal').get('name')
                    departureDate = flight.get('departureDate')

                    arrivalCityName = flight.get('arrivalAirportInfo').get('cityName')
                    arrivalAirportName = flight.get('arrivalAirportInfo').get('airportName')
                    arrivalterminal = flight.get('arrivalAirportInfo').get('terminal').get('name')
                    arrivalDate = flight.get('arrivalDate')

                    cabins = legs[0].get('cabins')[0]
                    price = cabins.get('price').get('price')

                    path = "/home/liuyang/Spider/Scrapy_Project/ScrapyS/Airtickets/TO_XMN{}.csv".format(start_date)
                    # 創建csv文件對象
                    with open(path, "a+", encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
                        writer = csv.writer(f, dialect="excel")
                        # 基於文件對象構建 csv寫入對象
                        csv_write = csv.writer(f)
                        csv_data = [airlineName, flightNumber,
                                    departureCityName, departureAirportName, departureterminal, departureDate,
                                    arrivalDate, arrivalCityName, arrivalAirportName, arrivalterminal,
                                    price, craftTypeName]
                        csv_write.writerow(csv_data)
                        f.close()

                    print(airlineName, "\t",
                          flightNumber, "\t",
                          price, "\t",
                          departureDate, "\t",
                          arrivalDate, "\t",
                          craftTypeName, "\t",
                          departureCityName, "\t",
                          departureAirportName, "\t",
                          departureterminal, "\t",
                          arrivalCityName, "\t",
                          arrivalAirportName, "\t",
                          arrivalterminal, )
                else:
                    pass

結果展示

這裏還有簡單的數據分析啦
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44355591/article/details/105008238

最後歡迎各位訪問我的博客網站：wangwanghub.com