C++用鏈表存放數據

用鏈表存放數據在插入和刪除操作時比用線性表方便很多，鏈表不用去移動那些位置的數據。

這是用鏈表實現的簡單通訊錄，先上代碼

/*
* 程序功能：用鏈表儲存學生通訊錄信息
* 作者：BossMao
* 版本：2.0
*/


#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

struct student_Info{
	double stu_Num;				//學生學號
	string stu_Name;			//學生姓名
	string stu_Parent_Name;			//學生家長姓名
	int stu_Age;				//學生年齡
	string stu_Sex;				//學生性別
	string stu_Address;			//學生住址
	char stu_PhoneNum[20];			//學生電話號碼
	char stu_Parent_PhoneNum[20];		//學生家長電話號碼

	student_Info *priority;			//前指針
	student_Info *next;			//後指針
};

class Student{
private:
	int current_stuNum;
	student_Info *head;
	student_Info *temp;
public:
	Student();
	~Student();
	void menu();
	void insert_student_Info();				//插入學生信息
	void update_student_Info(string name);			//修改學生信息
	void delete_student_Info(string name);			//刪除學生信息
	student_Info *search_student_Info(string name);		//查找學生信息
	void show_student_Info();				//顯示學生信息

};

Student::Student()
{
	current_stuNum = 0;

	head = new student_Info;			//創建第一個結點
	head->next = NULL;
	head->priority = NULL;
	temp = head;
}

Student::~Student()
{
}

void Student::update_student_Info(string name)
{
	char choose;
	student_Info *s;

	s = search_student_Info(name);

	//詢問是否修改
	cout << "是否修改此學生的信息？（Y/N）" << endl;
	cin >> choose;
	if (choose == 'N'||choose == 'n')
	{
		return;
	}
	if (choose == 'Y'||choose == 'y')
	{
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
		cout << "學號：";
		cin >> s->stu_Num;
		cout << "姓名：";
		cin >> s->stu_Name;
		cout << "家長姓名：";
		cin >> s->stu_Parent_Name;
		cout << "年齡：";
		cin >> s->stu_Age;
		cout << "性別: ";
		cin >> s->stu_Sex;
		cout << "地址：";
		cin >> s->stu_Address;
		cout << "學生電話號碼：";
		cin >> s->stu_PhoneNum;
		cout << "家長電話號碼：";
		cin >> s->stu_Parent_PhoneNum;

		cout << "======================================" << endl;
		cout << "修改成功！！" << endl;
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
	}

}

void Student::delete_student_Info(string name)
{
	char choose;

	student_Info *s;

	s = search_student_Info(name);

	//詢問是否刪除
	cout << "是否刪除此學生的信息？（Y/N）" << endl;
	cin >> choose;
	if (choose == 'N'||choose == 'n')
	{
		return;
	}
	if (choose == 'Y'||choose == 'y')
	{
		if (s->next == NULL)
		{
			s->priority->next = s->next;			//將要刪除節點的前一結點的尾指針置空
			temp = s->priority;
			delete s;
			cout << "======================================" << endl;
			cout << "刪除成功！！" << endl;
			cout << "======================================" << endl;
		}
		else{
			s->priority->next = s->next;			//將要刪除結點的前一結點的尾指針  修改爲要刪除結點的尾指針
			s->next->priority = s->priority;		//將要刪除結點的下一結點的前指針  修改爲要刪除結點的的前指針
			delete s;
		}
	}
}

student_Info *Student::search_student_Info(string name)
{
	bool have = 0;
	student_Info *p, *found = NULL;
	for (p = head; p != NULL;p=p->next)
	{
		if (p->stu_Name == name)
		{
			have = 1;
			found = p;
			cout << "此學生的信息爲：" << endl;
			cout << "======================================" << endl;
			cout << "學號：";
			cout << p->stu_Num << endl;
			cout << "姓名：";
			cout << p->stu_Name << endl;
			cout << "家長姓名：";
			cout << p->stu_Parent_Name << endl;
			cout << "年齡：";
			cout << p->stu_Age << endl;
			cout << "性別: ";
			cout << p->stu_Sex << endl;
			cout << "地址：";
			cout << p->stu_Address << endl;
			cout << "學生電話號碼：";
			cout << p->stu_PhoneNum << endl;
			cout << "家長電話號碼：";
			cout << p->stu_Parent_PhoneNum << endl;
			cout << "======================================" << endl;

		}

	}

	if (have == 0)
	{
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
		cout << "查無此人！！" << endl;
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
		menu();
	}
	return found;
}

void Student::show_student_Info()
{
	student_Info *p = head->next;
	cout << "學生信息爲：" << endl;

	if (p == NULL)
	{
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
		cout << "並沒有學生！！" << endl;
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
		return;
	}

	for (; p != NULL; p = p->next){
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
		cout << "學號：";
		cout << p->stu_Num << endl;
		cout << "姓名：";
		cout << p->stu_Name << endl;
		cout << "家長姓名：";
		cout << p->stu_Parent_Name << endl;
		cout << "年齡：";
		cout << p->stu_Age << endl;
		cout << "性別: ";
		cout << p->stu_Sex << endl;
		cout << "地址：";
		cout << p->stu_Address << endl;
		cout << "學生電話號碼：";
		cout << p->stu_PhoneNum << endl;
		cout << "家長電話號碼：";
		cout << p->stu_Parent_PhoneNum << endl;
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
	}
}

void Student::insert_student_Info()
{
	char s;

	while (1)
	{
		cout << "需要插入學生的信息(Y/N)？" << endl;
		while (1){
			cin >> s;
			if (s == 'Y' || s == 'y' || s == 'N' || s == 'n')
			{
				break;
			}
			else{
				cout << "輸入有誤，請重新輸入！！" << endl;
				cout << "需要插入學生的信息(Y/N)？" << endl;
			}
		}
		if (s == 'N' || s == 'n')
		{
			break;
		}
		else{
			student_Info *tail = new student_Info;		//創建新結點
			temp->next = tail;		//將新結點與原有結點連接起來
			tail->priority = temp;
			tail->next = NULL;				//新結點的指針域爲空
			temp = tail;

			cout << "======================================" << endl;
			cout << "學號：";
			cin >> tail->stu_Num;
			cout << "姓名：";
			cin >> tail->stu_Name;
			cout << "家長姓名：";
			cin >> tail->stu_Parent_Name;
			cout << "年齡：";
			cin >> tail->stu_Age;
			cout << "性別: ";
			cin >> tail->stu_Sex;
			cout << "地址：";
			cin >> tail->stu_Address;
			cout << "學生電話號碼：";
			cin >> tail->stu_PhoneNum;
			cout << "家長電話號碼：";
			cin >> tail->stu_Parent_PhoneNum;
			cout << "======================================" << endl;
		}
	}

	
}

void Student::menu()
{
	int choose;
	string name;

	cout << "1.插入學生信息" << endl;
	cout << "2.修改學生信息" << endl;
	cout << "3.刪除學生信息" << endl;
	cout << "4.查詢學生信息" << endl;
	cout << "5.顯示學生信息" << endl;
	cout << "0.退出" << endl;
	cout << endl;
	cout << "請輸入你要執行功能對應的數字：" << endl;
	cin >> choose;
	if (choose >= 0 && choose < 6)
	{
		switch (choose)
		{
		case 1:
		{
			insert_student_Info();
			break;
		}
		case 2:
		{
			cout << "請輸入你要修改的學生姓名：" << endl;
			cin >> name;
			update_student_Info(name);
			break;
		}
		case 3:
		{
			 cout << "請輸入你要刪除的學生姓名：" << endl;
			 cin >> name;
			 delete_student_Info(name);
			 break;
		}
		case 4:
		{
			cout << "請輸入你要查找的學生姓名：" << endl;
			cin >> name;
			search_student_Info(name);
			break;
		}
		case 5:
		{
			show_student_Info();
			 break;
		}
		case 0:
			exit(0);
		}
	}
	else{
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
		cout << "輸入有誤！！請重新輸入" << endl;
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
	}

}

void main()
{
	Student stu;

	while (1){
		stu.menu();
	}

}

實現這個簡單程序時，我用雙鏈表的數據結構

看到程序後就會發現，做這個小系統用鏈表真的方便多了。函數的調用都是用菜單函數去調用對應的功能函數，很簡單。

這裏值得注意的是，當要做刪除最後一個結點的操作時，要記得將倒數第二個結點的next指針保存到temp指針裏，否則當再次向鏈表尾插入新的結點時，不能用temp指針將新結點與原有結點鏈接起來。