C++用链表存放数据

用链表存放数据在插入和删除操作时比用线性表方便很多，链表不用去移动那些位置的数据。

这是用链表实现的简单通讯录，先上代码

/*
* 程序功能：用链表储存学生通讯录信息
* 作者：BossMao
* 版本：2.0
*/


#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

struct student_Info{
	double stu_Num;				//学生学号
	string stu_Name;			//学生姓名
	string stu_Parent_Name;			//学生家长姓名
	int stu_Age;				//学生年龄
	string stu_Sex;				//学生性别
	string stu_Address;			//学生住址
	char stu_PhoneNum[20];			//学生电话号码
	char stu_Parent_PhoneNum[20];		//学生家长电话号码

	student_Info *priority;			//前指针
	student_Info *next;			//后指针
};

class Student{
private:
	int current_stuNum;
	student_Info *head;
	student_Info *temp;
public:
	Student();
	~Student();
	void menu();
	void insert_student_Info();				//插入学生信息
	void update_student_Info(string name);			//修改学生信息
	void delete_student_Info(string name);			//删除学生信息
	student_Info *search_student_Info(string name);		//查找学生信息
	void show_student_Info();				//显示学生信息

};

Student::Student()
{
	current_stuNum = 0;

	head = new student_Info;			//创建第一个结点
	head->next = NULL;
	head->priority = NULL;
	temp = head;
}

Student::~Student()
{
}

void Student::update_student_Info(string name)
{
	char choose;
	student_Info *s;

	s = search_student_Info(name);

	//询问是否修改
	cout << "是否修改此学生的信息？（Y/N）" << endl;
	cin >> choose;
	if (choose == 'N'||choose == 'n')
	{
		return;
	}
	if (choose == 'Y'||choose == 'y')
	{
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
		cout << "学号：";
		cin >> s->stu_Num;
		cout << "姓名：";
		cin >> s->stu_Name;
		cout << "家长姓名：";
		cin >> s->stu_Parent_Name;
		cout << "年龄：";
		cin >> s->stu_Age;
		cout << "性别: ";
		cin >> s->stu_Sex;
		cout << "地址：";
		cin >> s->stu_Address;
		cout << "学生电话号码：";
		cin >> s->stu_PhoneNum;
		cout << "家长电话号码：";
		cin >> s->stu_Parent_PhoneNum;

		cout << "======================================" << endl;
		cout << "修改成功！！" << endl;
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
	}

}

void Student::delete_student_Info(string name)
{
	char choose;

	student_Info *s;

	s = search_student_Info(name);

	//询问是否删除
	cout << "是否删除此学生的信息？（Y/N）" << endl;
	cin >> choose;
	if (choose == 'N'||choose == 'n')
	{
		return;
	}
	if (choose == 'Y'||choose == 'y')
	{
		if (s->next == NULL)
		{
			s->priority->next = s->next;			//将要删除节点的前一结点的尾指针置空
			temp = s->priority;
			delete s;
			cout << "======================================" << endl;
			cout << "删除成功！！" << endl;
			cout << "======================================" << endl;
		}
		else{
			s->priority->next = s->next;			//将要删除结点的前一结点的尾指针  修改为要删除结点的尾指针
			s->next->priority = s->priority;		//将要删除结点的下一结点的前指针  修改为要删除结点的的前指针
			delete s;
		}
	}
}

student_Info *Student::search_student_Info(string name)
{
	bool have = 0;
	student_Info *p, *found = NULL;
	for (p = head; p != NULL;p=p->next)
	{
		if (p->stu_Name == name)
		{
			have = 1;
			found = p;
			cout << "此学生的信息为：" << endl;
			cout << "======================================" << endl;
			cout << "学号：";
			cout << p->stu_Num << endl;
			cout << "姓名：";
			cout << p->stu_Name << endl;
			cout << "家长姓名：";
			cout << p->stu_Parent_Name << endl;
			cout << "年龄：";
			cout << p->stu_Age << endl;
			cout << "性别: ";
			cout << p->stu_Sex << endl;
			cout << "地址：";
			cout << p->stu_Address << endl;
			cout << "学生电话号码：";
			cout << p->stu_PhoneNum << endl;
			cout << "家长电话号码：";
			cout << p->stu_Parent_PhoneNum << endl;
			cout << "======================================" << endl;

		}

	}

	if (have == 0)
	{
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
		cout << "查无此人！！" << endl;
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
		menu();
	}
	return found;
}

void Student::show_student_Info()
{
	student_Info *p = head->next;
	cout << "学生信息为：" << endl;

	if (p == NULL)
	{
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
		cout << "并没有学生！！" << endl;
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
		return;
	}

	for (; p != NULL; p = p->next){
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
		cout << "学号：";
		cout << p->stu_Num << endl;
		cout << "姓名：";
		cout << p->stu_Name << endl;
		cout << "家长姓名：";
		cout << p->stu_Parent_Name << endl;
		cout << "年龄：";
		cout << p->stu_Age << endl;
		cout << "性别: ";
		cout << p->stu_Sex << endl;
		cout << "地址：";
		cout << p->stu_Address << endl;
		cout << "学生电话号码：";
		cout << p->stu_PhoneNum << endl;
		cout << "家长电话号码：";
		cout << p->stu_Parent_PhoneNum << endl;
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
	}
}

void Student::insert_student_Info()
{
	char s;

	while (1)
	{
		cout << "需要插入学生的信息(Y/N)？" << endl;
		while (1){
			cin >> s;
			if (s == 'Y' || s == 'y' || s == 'N' || s == 'n')
			{
				break;
			}
			else{
				cout << "输入有误，请重新输入！！" << endl;
				cout << "需要插入学生的信息(Y/N)？" << endl;
			}
		}
		if (s == 'N' || s == 'n')
		{
			break;
		}
		else{
			student_Info *tail = new student_Info;		//创建新结点
			temp->next = tail;		//将新结点与原有结点连接起来
			tail->priority = temp;
			tail->next = NULL;				//新结点的指针域为空
			temp = tail;

			cout << "======================================" << endl;
			cout << "学号：";
			cin >> tail->stu_Num;
			cout << "姓名：";
			cin >> tail->stu_Name;
			cout << "家长姓名：";
			cin >> tail->stu_Parent_Name;
			cout << "年龄：";
			cin >> tail->stu_Age;
			cout << "性别: ";
			cin >> tail->stu_Sex;
			cout << "地址：";
			cin >> tail->stu_Address;
			cout << "学生电话号码：";
			cin >> tail->stu_PhoneNum;
			cout << "家长电话号码：";
			cin >> tail->stu_Parent_PhoneNum;
			cout << "======================================" << endl;
		}
	}

	
}

void Student::menu()
{
	int choose;
	string name;

	cout << "1.插入学生信息" << endl;
	cout << "2.修改学生信息" << endl;
	cout << "3.删除学生信息" << endl;
	cout << "4.查询学生信息" << endl;
	cout << "5.显示学生信息" << endl;
	cout << "0.退出" << endl;
	cout << endl;
	cout << "请输入你要执行功能对应的数字：" << endl;
	cin >> choose;
	if (choose >= 0 && choose < 6)
	{
		switch (choose)
		{
		case 1:
		{
			insert_student_Info();
			break;
		}
		case 2:
		{
			cout << "请输入你要修改的学生姓名：" << endl;
			cin >> name;
			update_student_Info(name);
			break;
		}
		case 3:
		{
			 cout << "请输入你要删除的学生姓名：" << endl;
			 cin >> name;
			 delete_student_Info(name);
			 break;
		}
		case 4:
		{
			cout << "请输入你要查找的学生姓名：" << endl;
			cin >> name;
			search_student_Info(name);
			break;
		}
		case 5:
		{
			show_student_Info();
			 break;
		}
		case 0:
			exit(0);
		}
	}
	else{
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
		cout << "输入有误！！请重新输入" << endl;
		cout << "======================================" << endl;
	}

}

void main()
{
	Student stu;

	while (1){
		stu.menu();
	}

}

实现这个简单程序时，我用双链表的数据结构

看到程序后就会发现，做这个小系统用链表真的方便多了。函数的调用都是用菜单函数去调用对应的功能函数，很简单。

这里值得注意的是，当要做删除最后一个结点的操作时，要记得将倒数第二个结点的next指针保存到temp指针里，否则当再次向链表尾插入新的结点时，不能用temp指针将新结点与原有结点链接起来。