MySQL+MHA的高可用集羣解決方案

原創 Back to De3ember 2020-05-31 19:12

MHA（Master High Availability）目前在MySQL高可用方面是一個相對成熟的解決方案，它由日本DeNA公司的youshimaton（現就職於Facebook公司）開發，是一套優秀的作爲MySQL高可用性環境下故障切換和主從提升的高可用軟件。在MySQL故障切換過程中，MHA能做到在0~30秒之內自動完成數據庫的故障切換操作，並且在進行故障切換的過程中，MHA能在最大程度上保證數據的一致性，以達到真正意義上的高可用。

該軟件由兩部分組成：MHA Manager（管理節點）和MHA Node（數據節點）。

MHA Manager可以單獨部署在一臺獨立的機器上管理多個master-slave集羣，也可以部署在一臺slave節點上。

MHA Node運行在每臺MySQL服務器上，MHA Manager會定時探測集羣中的master節點，當master出現故障時，它可以自動將最新數據的slave提升爲新的master，然後將所有其他的slave重新指向新的master。整個故障轉移過程對應用程序完全透明。

在MHA自動故障切換過程中，MHA試圖從宕機的主服務器上保存二進制日誌，最大程度的保證數據的不丟失，但這並不總是可行的。例如，如果主服務器硬件故障或無法通過ssh訪問，MHA沒法保存二進制日誌，只進行故障轉移而丟失了最新的數據。使用MySQL 5.5的半同步複製，可以大大降低數據丟失的風險。MHA可以與半同步複製結合起來。如果只有一個slave已經收到了最新的二進制日誌，MHA可以將最新的二進制日誌應用於其他所有的slave服務器上，因此可以保證所有節點的數據一致性。

目前MHA主要支持一主多從的架構。要搭建MHA，要求一個複製集羣中必須最少有三臺數據庫服務器，一主二從，即一臺充當master，一臺充當備用master，另外一臺充當從庫。因爲至少需要三臺服務器，出於機器成本的考慮，淘寶也在該基礎上進行了改造，目前淘寶TMHA已經支持一主一從。

一、MHA工作原理、功能

1、MHA工作原理總結爲以下幾條：

  • 從宕機崩潰的master保存二進制日誌事件（binlog events）；
  • 識別含有最新更新的slave；
  • 應用差異的中繼日誌（relay log）到其他slave；
  • 應用從master保存的二進制日誌事件（binlog events）；
  • 提升一個slave爲新master；
  • 使用其他的slave連接新的master進行復制。

2、MHA提供瞭如下功能：

（1）master自動監控，故障轉移一體化(Automated master monitoring and failover)

（2）MHA可以在一個複製組中監控master的狀態，如果掛了，就可以自動的做failover。

（3）MHA通過所有slave的差異relay-log來保證數據的一致性。

（4）MHA在做故障轉移，日誌補償這些動作的時候，通常只需要10~30秒。

（5）通常情況下，MHA會選擇最新的slave作爲new master，但是你也可以指定哪些是候選maser，那麼新master選舉的時候，就從這些host裏面挑。

（6）導致複製環境中斷的一致性問題，在MHA中是不會發生的，請放心使用。
在MHA自動故障切換過程中，MHA試圖從宕機的主服務器上保存二進制日誌，最大程度的保證數據的不丟失，但這並不總是可行的。例如，如果主服務器硬件故障或無法通過ssh訪問，MHA沒法保存二進制日誌，只進行故障轉移而丟失了最新的數據。使用MySQL 5.5及以上版本的半同步複製，可以大大降低數據丟失的風險。MHA可以與半同步複製結合起來。如果只有一個slave已經收到了最新的二進制日誌，MHA可以將最新的二進制日誌應用於其他所有的slave服務器上，因此可以保證所有節點的數據一致性。

（7）手工-交互式master故障轉移（Interactive manually initiated Master Failover）

MHA可以配置成手工-交互式方式進行故障轉移，不支持監控master的狀態。

（8）非交互式master故障轉移 （Non-interactive master failover）

非交互式，自動的故障轉移，不提供監控master狀態功能，監控可以交給其他組件做（如：Pacemaker heartbeat）。

（9）在線master切換 （Online switching master to a different host）

二、MHA組件介紹

MHA組件介紹MHA軟件由兩部分組成，Manager工具包和Node工具包，具體的說明如下。

Manager工具包主要包括以下幾個工具：

（1）masterha_check_ssh #檢查MHA的SSH配置狀況;

（2）masterha_check_repl #檢查MySQL複製狀況;

（3）masterha_manger #啓動MHA;

（4）masterha_check_status #檢測當前MHA運行狀態;

（5）masterha_master_monitor #檢測master是否宕機;

（6）masterha_master_switch #控制故障轉移(自動或者手動);

（7）masterha_conf_host #添加或刪除配置的server信息;

Node工具包（這些工具通常由MHA Manager的腳本觸發，無需人爲操作）主要包括以下幾個工具：

（1）save_binary_logs #保存和複製master的二進制日誌;

（2）apply_diff_relay_logs #識別差異的中繼日誌事件並將其差異的事件應用於其他的slave;

（3）purge_relay_logs #清除中繼日誌（不會阻塞SQL線程）;

注意： 爲了儘可能的減少主庫硬件損壞宕機造成的數據丟失，因此在配置MHA的同時建議配置成MySQL半同步複製

環境：

  • server1：172.25.70.1
  • server2：172.25.70.2
  • server3：172.25.70.3

三、搭建基於MySQL的MHA

1.關閉server1-3的mysqld服務；修改server1、server2、server3的msyqld配置文件

  • server1-3:
systemctl stop mysqld
  • server1:
vim /etc/my.cnf
=================
 29 server_id=1
 30 gtid_mode=ON
 31 enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
 32 log_slave_updates=ON
 33 log_bin=binlog
  • server2:
vim /etc/my.cnf
===================
 29 server-id=2
 30 gtid_mode=ON
 31 enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
 32 log_slave_updates=ON
 33 log_bin=binlog
  • server3:
vim /etc/my.cnf
====================
 29 server-id=3
 30 gtid_mode=ON
 31 enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
 32 log_slave_updates=ON
 33 log_bin=binlog

2.初始化server3的mysqld服務

[root@server3 ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@server3 mysql]# ls
auto.cnf       binlog.index     ib_buffer_pool  performance_schema  sys
binlog.000001  ca-key.pem       ibdata1         private_key.pem
binlog.000002  ca.pem           ib_logfile0     public_key.pem
binlog.000003  client-cert.pem  ib_logfile1     server-cert.pem
binlog.000004  client-key.pem   mysql           server-key.pem
[root@server3 mysql]# rm -fr *
[root@server3 mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@server3 mysql]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
==============================================================================
2019-05-03T00:04:13.360192Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: (kkw=D?1,fu2
2019-05-03T01:11:12.145588Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'validate_password'
2019-05-03T01:11:13.674624Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'sha256_password'
2019-05-03T01:11:13.674629Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_native_passwor'
2019-05-03T03:01:23.405961Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'validate_password'
2019-05-03T03:01:24.718329Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'sha256_password'
2019-05-03T03:01:24.718331Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_native_passwor'
2019-05-03T03:08:43.045997Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: MkT>18/5CK=)
==============================================================================
[root@server3 mysql]# mysql -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.24-log

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Mahao+123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.爲server3設置複製用戶，並開啓server3的slave線程

mysql> change master to master_host='172.25.13.1',master_user='rep',master_password='Mahao+123',master_auto_position=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.04 sec)

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.25.13.1
                  Master_User: rep
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: binlog.000006
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 526
               Relay_Log_File: server3-relay-bin.000008
                Relay_Log_Pos: 485
        Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000006
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

#測試

4.主庫寫入信息

  • server1:
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> drop database test
    -> ;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE DATABASE taylor;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use taylor;
Database changed
mysql> create table usertb (
    -> username varchar(10) not null,
    -> password varchar(15) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> desc usertb;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| username | varchar(10) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| password | varchar(15) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into usertb values ('user1','123');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from usertb;
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| user1    | 123      |
+----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

5.從庫查看

  • server3:
[root@server3 mysql]# mysql -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.24-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| taylor             |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use taylor
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from usertb;
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| user1    | 123      |
+----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • server1:
mysql> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE '%gtid%';
+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name                    | Value                                                                              |
+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| binlog_gtid_simple_recovery      | ON                                                                                 |
| enforce_gtid_consistency         | ON                                                                                 |
| gtid_executed                    | 742e05c2-6cad-11e9-a66b-52540075b0d5:1-8,
f32c0a71-6c6f-11e9-8a9f-52540075b0d5:1-7 |
| gtid_executed_compression_period | 1000                                                                               |
| gtid_mode                        | ON                                                                                 |
| gtid_owned                       |                                                                                    |
| gtid_purged                      |                                                                                    |
| session_track_gtids              | OFF                                                                                |
+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysqldump --all-databases --single-transaction --triggers --routines --events --host=127.0.0.1 --port=3306 --user=root --password=Mahao+123 > Mahao.sql
  • server4:

安裝MHA

[root@server4 ~]# ls
MHA-7
[root@server4 ~]# cd 
.config/ .local/  MHA-7/   .ssh/    
[root@server4 ~]# cd MHA-7/
[root@server4 MHA-7]# ls
mha4mysql-manager-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
mha4mysql-manager-0.58.tar.gz
mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
perl-Config-Tiny-2.14-7.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-Email-Date-Format-1.002-15.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-Log-Dispatch-2.41-1.el7.1.noarch.rpm
perl-Mail-Sender-0.8.23-1.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-Mail-Sendmail-0.79-21.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-MIME-Lite-3.030-1.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-MIME-Types-1.38-2.el7.noarch.rpm
perl-Parallel-ForkManager-1.18-2.el7.noarch.rpm

1.先安裝依賴

[root@server4 MHA-7]# yum install -y perl*

2.安裝MHA

[root@server4 MHA-7]# yum install -y mha4mysql-manager-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm

3.生成ssh驗證密鑰

[root@server4 MHA-7]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
ea:fd:44:c4:e1:41:20:10:d4:d7:b5:d4:ba:f5:08:69 root@server4
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|   .++. .++.o.   |
|      ...o.+ ..  |
|       .  + .o   |
|         .  E .  |
|        S .. + o |
|       . .  . . .|
|      .   .      |
|     . . .       |
|      . ...      |
+-----------------+

4.發送公鑰到server1—server3

ssh-copy-id server1
ssh-copy-id server2
ssh-copy-id server3

#驗證

ssh server1
ssh server2
ssh server3

5.給server1-3發送mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm，並安裝

[root@server1 ~]# yum install -y mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm

[root@server2 ~]# yum install -y mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm

[root@server3 ~]# yum install -y mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm

6.server4創建目錄，並編寫配置文件

[root@server4 MHA-7]# mkdir -p /etc/masterha
[root@server4 MHA-7]# cd /etc/masterha/
[root@server4 masterha]# ls
[root@server4 masterha]# 
[root@server4 masterha]# vim app1.cnf
=============================================
[server default]
manager_workdir=/etc/masterha
manager_log=/var/log/masterha.log
master_binlog_dir=/etc/masterha
#master_ip_failover_script= /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
#master_ip_online_change_script= /usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change
password=Mahao+123
user=root
ping_interval=1
remote_workdir=/tmp
repl_password=Mahao+123
repl_user=repl
#report_script=/usr/local/send_report
#secondary_check_script= /usr/local/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s server03 -s server02
#shutdown_script=""
ssh_user=root

[server1]
hostname=172.25.13.1
port=3306
[server2]
hostname=172.25.13.2
port=3306
candidate_master=1
check_repl_delay=0

[server3]
hostname=172.25.13.3
port=3306
no_master=1

7.ssh驗證

[root@server4 masterha]# masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
Fri May  3 14:27:19 2019 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Fri May  3 14:27:19 2019 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Fri May  3 14:27:19 2019 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Fri May  3 14:27:19 2019 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests..
Fri May  3 14:27:19 2019 - [error][/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/SSHCheck.pm, ln63] 
Fri May  3 14:27:19 2019 - [debug]  Connecting via SSH from [email protected](172.25.13.1:22) to [email protected](172.25.13.2:22)..
Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).
Fri May  3 14:27:19 2019 - [error][/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/SSHCheck.pm, ln111] SSH connection from [email protected](172.25.13.1:22) to [email protected](172.25.13.2:22) failed!
Fri May  3 14:27:20 2019 - [error][/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/SSHCheck.pm, ln63] 
Fri May  3 14:27:19 2019 - [debug]  Connecting via SSH from [email protected](172.25.13.2:22) to [email protected](172.25.13.1:22)..
Warning: Permanently added '172.25.13.1' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).
Fri May  3 14:27:19 2019 - [error][/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/SSHCheck.pm, ln111] SSH connection from [email protected](172.25.13.2:22) to [email protected](172.25.13.1:22) failed!
Fri May  3 14:27:20 2019 - [error][/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/SSHCheck.pm, ln63] 
Fri May  3 14:27:20 2019 - [debug]  Connecting via SSH from [email protected](172.25.13.3:22) to [email protected](172.25.13.1:22)..
Warning: Permanently added '172.25.13.1' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).
Fri May  3 14:27:20 2019 - [error][/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/SSHCheck.pm, ln111] SSH connection from [email protected](172.25.13.3:22) to [email protected](172.25.13.1:22) failed!
SSH Configuration Check Failed!
 at /usr/bin/masterha_check_ssh line 44.

8.給server1-3發送/root/.ssh/目錄

[root@server4 masterha]# scp -r ~/.ssh server1:
known_hosts                                          100%  718     0.7KB/s   00:00    
authorized_keys                                      100%  831     0.8KB/s   00:00    
id_rsa                                               100% 1675     1.6KB/s   00:00    
id_rsa.pub                                           100%  394     0.4KB/s   00:00    
[root@server4 masterha]# scp -r ~/.ssh server2:
known_hosts                                          100%  718     0.7KB/s   00:00    
authorized_keys                                      100%  831     0.8KB/s   00:00    
id_rsa                                               100% 1675     1.6KB/s   00:00    
id_rsa.pub                                           100%  394     0.4KB/s   00:00    
[root@server4 masterha]# scp -r ~/.ssh server3:
known_hosts                                          100%  718     0.7KB/s   00:00    
authorized_keys                                      100%  831     0.8KB/s   00:00    
id_rsa                                               100% 1675     1.6KB/s   00:00    
id_rsa.pub               

=====================================================================================
#自己特殊設定的解決方式


[root@server4 masterha]# cd ~/.ssh/
[root@server4 .ssh]# ls
authorized_keys  id_rsa  id_rsa.pub  known_hosts
[root@server4 .ssh]# scp id_rsa id_rsa.pub known_hosts server1:~/.ssh/
id_rsa                                               100% 1675     1.6KB/s   00:00    
id_rsa.pub                                           100%  394     0.4KB/s   00:00    
known_hosts                                          100%  718     0.7KB/s   00:00    
[root@server4 .ssh]# scp id_rsa id_rsa.pub known_hosts server2:~/.ssh/
id_rsa                                               100% 1675     1.6KB/s   00:00    
id_rsa.pub                                           100%  394     0.4KB/s   00:00    
known_hosts                                          100%  718     0.7KB/s   00:00    
[root@server4 .ssh]# scp id_rsa id_rsa.pub known_hosts server3:~/.ssh/
id_rsa                                               100% 1675     1.6KB/s   00:00    
id_rsa.pub                                           100%  394     0.4KB/s   00:00    
known_hosts                                          100%  718     0.7KB/s   00:00    
[root@server4 .ssh]# 
======================================================================================

再次檢測ssh

[root@server4 .ssh]# masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
Fri May  3 14:40:44 2019 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Fri May  3 14:40:44 2019 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Fri May  3 14:40:44 2019 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Fri May  3 14:40:44 2019 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests..
Fri May  3 14:40:44 2019 - [debug] 
Fri May  3 14:40:44 2019 - [debug]  Connecting via SSH from [email protected](172.25.13.1:22) to [email protected](172.25.13.2:22)..
Fri May  3 14:40:44 2019 - [debug]   ok.
Fri May  3 14:40:44 2019 - [debug]  Connecting via SSH from [email protected](172.25.13.1:22) to [email protected](172.25.13.3:22)..
Fri May  3 14:40:44 2019 - [debug]   ok.
Fri May  3 14:40:45 2019 - [debug] 
Fri May  3 14:40:44 2019 - [debug]  Connecting via SSH from [email protected](172.25.13.2:22) to [email protected](172.25.13.1:22)..
Fri May  3 14:40:44 2019 - [debug]   ok.
Fri May  3 14:40:44 2019 - [debug]  Connecting via SSH from [email protected](172.25.13.2:22) to [email protected](172.25.13.3:22)..
Fri May  3 14:40:44 2019 - [debug]   ok.
Fri May  3 14:40:45 2019 - [debug] 
Fri May  3 14:40:45 2019 - [debug]  Connecting via SSH from [email protected](172.25.13.3:22) to [email protected](172.25.13.1:22)..
Fri May  3 14:40:45 2019 - [debug]   ok.
Fri May  3 14:40:45 2019 - [debug]  Connecting via SSH from [email protected](172.25.13.3:22) to [email protected](172.25.13.2:22)..
Fri May  3 14:40:45 2019 - [debug]   ok.
Fri May  3 14:40:45 2019 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.
[root@server4 .ssh]#

檢測repl

[root@server4 .ssh]# masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
==========================================================================
Fri May  3 14:43:04 2019 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Fri May  3 14:43:04 2019 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Fri May  3 14:43:04 2019 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf..
Fri May  3 14:43:04 2019 - [info] MHA::MasterMonitor version 0.58.
Fri May  3 14:43:05 2019 - [error][/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/ServerManager.pm, ln188] There is no alive server. We can't do failover
Fri May  3 14:43:05 2019 - [error][/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm, ln427] Error happened on checking configurations.  at /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm line 329.
Fri May  3 14:43:05 2019 - [error][/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm, ln525] Error happened on monitoring servers.
Fri May  3 14:43:05 2019 - [info] Got exit code 1 (Not master dead).

MySQL Replication Health is NOT OK!

#有報錯

server1提供授權

  • server1:
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@server1 ~]# mysql -p
=============================================================
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.24-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'Mahao+123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

#再次檢測

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