檢查和收集 Linux 硬件信息的 7 個命令

在Linux系統中，有許多命令可用於查詢主機的硬件信息。一些命令只針對特定的硬件組件，比如CPU、內存，一些命令可以查詢多個硬件信息。

這篇文章只是簡單的讓每個人瞭解查詢硬件信息的基本命令使用，包括lscpu、hwinfo、lshw、lspci、lsblk、lsusb等等。

1. lscpu用於查詢CPU信息

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[root@devops ~]# lscpu Architecture:          x86_64 CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order:            Little Endian CPU(s):                1 On-line CPU(s) list:   0 Thread(s) per core:    1 Core(s) per socket:    1 CPU socket(s):         1 NUMA node(s):          1 Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel CPU family:            6 Model:                 45 Stepping:              7 CPU MHz:               2194.842 BogoMIPS:              4389.68 Hypervisor vendor:     Xen Virtualization type:   full L1d cache:             32K L1i cache:             32K L2 cache:              256K L3 cache:              15360K NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0

2. lshw顯示硬件信息表

這個命令應用普遍，它可通過個人需求而列出多種不同的硬件參數：CPU、內存、硬盤、USB控制器、lshw卡片等等，本質上就是從/proc目錄不同文件中中提取對應的硬件信息。

按照下面的步驟去安裝lshw工具，然後就可以使用了。

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wget http://ezix.org/software/files/lshw-B.02.14.tar.gz  tar -zxvf lshw-B.02.14.tar.gz  cd lshw-B.02.14  make && make install

示例：

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[root@devops lshw-B.02.14]# lshw -short H/W path          Device       Class      Description =====================================================                                system     HVM domU /0                             bus        Motherboard /0/0                           memory     96KiB BIOS /0/1                           processor  Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2430 0 @ 2.20GHz /0/2                           memory     System Memory /0/2/0                         memory     512MiB DIMM RAM /0/2/1                         memory     512MiB DIMM RAM /0/3                           memory     96KiB BIOS /0/4                           processor  CPU /0/5                           memory     System Memory /0/6                           memory      /0/7                           memory      /0/100                         bridge     440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] /0/100/1                       bridge     82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II] /0/100/1.1        scsi1        storage    82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II] /0/100/1.1/0.0.0  /dev/cdrom1  disk       SCSI CD-ROM /0/100/1.2                     bus        82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II] /0/100/1.2/1      usb1         bus        UHCI Host Controller /0/100/1.2/1/2                 input      QEMU USB Tablet /0/100/1.3                     bridge     82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI /0/100/2                       display    GD 5446 /0/100/3                       generic    Xen Platform Device /1                eth0         network    Ethernet interface /2                eth1         network    Ethernet interface [root@devops lshw-B.02.14]#

3. hwinfo-硬件信息

hwinfo類似於lshw，也能查詢硬件信息，且應用廣泛。它也能輸出多個硬件部分的詳細或者簡要信息，但是不同的是有時hwinfo比lshw的信息更詳細。

默認情況下，Linux系統沒有安裝hwinfo工具，所以你需要按照以下步驟自己安裝：

CentOS 6

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#rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm #yum list hwinfo #yum install hwinfo

CentOS 5

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#rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/5/gf/x86_64/gf-release-5-6.gf.el5.noarch.rpm #yum list hwinfo #yum install hwinfo

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[root@devops tmp]# rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm Retrieving http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.m2mMAO: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 13a4d2a9: NOKEY Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]    1:gf-release             ########################################### [100%] [root@devops tmp]# yum list hwinfo Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile  * base: mirrors.aliyun.com  * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com  * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com gf                                                                                                        00:00      gf/primary_db                                                                                         00:00      Available Packages hwinfo.x86_64 [root@devops tmp]# yum list hwinfo Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile  * base: mirrors.aliyun.com  * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com  * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com gf                                                                                                       00:00      gf/primary_db                                                                                              00:00      Available Packages hwinfo.x86_64                                                20.2-1.gf.el6

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[root@devops tmp]# yum install hwinfo Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile  * base: mirrors.aliyun.com  * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com  * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package hwinfo.x86_64 0:20.2-1.gf.el6 will be installed .....

示例：

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[root@devops tmp]# hwinfo -short oops: don't know what to do with "short" [root@devops tmp]# hwinfo --short cpu:                                                                                    Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2430 0 @ 2.20GHz, 2194 MHz keyboard:   /dev/input/event3    AT Translated Set 2 keyboard   /dev/ttyS0           serial console mouse:   /dev/input/mice      Adomax QEMU USB Tablet   /dev/input/mice      Macintosh mouse button emulation   /dev/input/mice      ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse graphics card:                        Cirrus Logic GD 5446 storage:                        Intel 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]                        Xen Virtual Storage 0                        Xen Virtual Storage 1                        Xen Virtual Storage 2 network:   eth0                 Xen Virtual Ethernet Card 0   eth1                 Xen Virtual Ethernet Card 1 network interface:   lo                   Loopback network interface   eth0                 Ethernet network interface   eth1                 Ethernet network interface disk:   /dev/xvda            Disk   /dev/xvdb            Disk partition:   /dev/xvda1           Partition   /dev/xvdb1           Partition cdrom:   /dev/sr0             QEMU DVD-ROM usb controller:                        Qumranet Qemu virtual machine bios:                        BIOS bridge:                        Qumranet Qemu virtual machine                        Qumranet Qemu virtual machine                        Qumranet Qemu virtual machine hub:                        Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 uhci_hcd UHCI Host Controller memory:                        Main Memory unknown:                        FPU                        DMA controller                        PIC                        Timer                        Keyboard controller                        XenSource Xen Platform Device [root@devops tmp]#

4. lspci

lsppci命令可列出PCI總線的信息以及連接到PCI總線上的設備信息，比如VGA適配器、SATA控制器、其他模塊等等。lspci工具是pciutils包的一部分，所以在安裝lspci之前，你需要安裝pciutils包。

安裝pciutils包使用下面的命令：

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1	#yum install pciutils

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[root@devops tmp]# yum install pciutils Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile  * base: mirrors.aliyun.com  * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com  * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package pciutils.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: pciutils-libs = 3.1.10-2.el6 for package: pciutils-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.4-11.el6 will be updated ---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution   Dependencies Resolved   Installing:  pciutils                         x86_64                    3.1.10-2.el6                        85 k Updating for dependencies:  pciutils-libs                    x86_64                    3.1.10-2.el6                          34 k   .....     Dependency Updated:   pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6                                                                               Complete!

示例：

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[root@devops tmp]# lspci  00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] (rev 02) 00:01.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II] 00:01.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II] 00:01.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II] (rev 01) 00:01.3 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 01) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Cirrus Logic GD 5446 00:03.0 Unassigned class [ff80]: XenSource, Inc. Xen Platform Device (rev 01) [root@devops tmp]#

5. lsusb-列出USB總線信息

這個命令可列出USB控制器的設備信息。

lsusb工具是usbutils包的一部分，所以你需要按照如下命令安裝：

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1	#yum install usbutils

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[root@devops tmp]# yum install usbutils Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile  * base: mirrors.aliyun.com  * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com  * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package usbutils.x86_64 0:003-4.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libusb-1.0.so.0()(64bit) for package: usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package libusb1.x86_64 0:1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution   Dependencies Resolved   ============================================   ============  Package                     Arch                      Version                                       Size ======================================================= ============ Installing:  usbutils                    x86_64                    003-4.el6                                           71 k Installing for dependencies:  libusb1                     x86_64                    1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6                               80 k   Transaction Summary ================================================================   ============ Install       2 Package(s)   Total download size: 152 k Installed size: 377 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/2): libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                         00:00      (2/2): usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                   00:00      --------------------------------------------------------   ------------ Total                                                                                         00:00      Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction   Installing : libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64                                                                            1/2    Installing : usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64                                                                                   2/2    Verifying  : usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64                                                                                   1/2    Verifying  : libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64                                                                            2/2    Installed:   usbutils.x86_64 0:003-4.el6                                                                                       Dependency Installed:   libusb1.x86_64 0:1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6                                                                                Complete!

示例：

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[root@devops tmp]# lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0627:0001 Adomax Technology Co., Ltd  [root@devops tmp]#

6. lsblk-列出塊設備的信息

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[root@devops tmp]# lsblk NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT xvda    202:0    0    20G  0 disk  └─xvda1 202:1    0    20G  0 part / xvdb    202:16   0    10G  0 disk  └─xvdb1 202:17   0    10G  0 part /alidata sr0      11:0    1   362K  0 rom

7. lsscsi-列出SCSI的設備信息

列出SCSI/SDAT設備的信息，比如硬盤驅動器、光盤驅動器。

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[root@devops tmp]# lsscsi [1:0:0:0]    cd/dvd  QEMU     QEMU DVD-ROM     0.10  /dev/sr0  [root@devops tmp]#

完畢！Enjoy this！

英文原文：7 Linux commands to check/gather hardware information in linux system

譯者：漠天　

譯文：　http://www.oschina.net/translate/linux-7-linux-commands-to-checkgather-hardware-information-in-linux-system　　

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