eclipse搭建SSH框架詳解 .

SSH框架是最常用的框架之一，在搭建SSH框架的時候總有人遇到這樣，那樣的問題。下面我介紹一下SSH框架搭建的全過程。
第一步：準備工作。
  下載好eclipse,Struts2,Spring,Hibernate。
  1.eclipse：eclipse下載的時候建議下載JavaEE版的eclipse。
                 當然你也可以下載eclipse-SDK。(下載eclipse-SDK需要下載Web，Tomcat等plugins)
  2.Struts2：http://struts.apache.org/download 
         1)引入Struts的jar包。下載 struts-*-all.zip 解壓後，struts/lib目錄下是struts所有的相關jar包。 
         其中有5個是必須的：

               Commons-logging-1.0.4.jar，Freemarker-2.3.13.jar， 
               Ognl-2.6.11.jar，Struts2-core-2.1.6.jar，Xwork-2.1.2.jar 
         其餘jar包並不是struts必須的。還有3個包也要注意導入。不導入運行Tomcat時候可能會出現異常。 
               commons-io-1.3.2.jar，commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar，javassist-3.7.ga.jar 
         注意：javassist-3.7.ga.jar包是在struts2-blank-2.2.1.war示例工程中的web-inf/lib下的。 

  3.Spring：http://www.springsource.com/download/community 
        還可以在eclipse下安裝下載。具體步驟是這樣的：
        1)打開eclipse-help-Software Updates.

 
        2) 在打開的對話框中選擇上面的第二項(Available Software)。

 
        3)點擊Add Site按鈕，彈出URL對話框。 

        4)在對話框裏輸入：http://springide.org/updatesite/點擊OK。 

        5)選擇sping IDE點擊安裝(Install)。

  4.Hibernate：http://sourceforge.net/projects/hibernate/files/hibernate3/

  5.Jdk的src.zip包導入。(當然不導入也可以。。。)

第二步：

  1.創建一個 Web Progect，自己起一個喜歡的名字。

  2.修改WEB-INF下的web.xml文件，增加struts2的配置。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
    <display-name>SSHTest</display-name>
    <!-- struts Framework -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>
          org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
        </filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <!-- welcome file -->
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
    <display-name>SSHTest</display-name>
    <!-- struts Framework -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>
          org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
        </filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <!-- welcome file -->
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
    <display-name>SSHTest</display-name>
    <!-- struts Framework -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>
          org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
        </filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <!-- welcome file -->
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

  3.在WEB-INF/classes目錄下添加struts.xml配置文件： 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
    <package namespace="/" name="struts2" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="login" method="execute" class="loginAction">
            <result name="success">/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp</result>
            <result name="input">/WEB-INF/index.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>
</struts>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
    <package namespace="/" name="struts2" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="login" method="execute" class="loginAction">
            <result name="success">/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp</result>
            <result name="input">/WEB-INF/index.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>
</struts>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC   
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"   
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">  
<struts>
    <package namespace="/" name="struts2" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="login" method="execute" class="loginAction">
            <result name="success">/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp</result>
            <result name="input">/WEB-INF/index.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>
</struts>  

 
  4.配置Spring

    1)導入spring包。spring-framework-**.zip解壓後,將spring-framework-**文件夾的dist目錄下的jar包導入工程中。 

    2)配置web.xml文件。 

<!-- Spring Framework -->
<listener>
    <listener-class>
      org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
    </listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>
        classpath:/applicationContext*.xml
    </param-value>
</context-param>

<!-- Spring Framework -->
<listener>
    <listener-class>
      org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
    </listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>
        classpath:/applicationContext*.xml
    </param-value>
</context-param>

    <!-- Spring Framework -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>
          org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
        </listener-class>
    </listener>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>
            classpath:/applicationContext*.xml
        </param-value>
    </context-param>

 
    3)添加applicationContext.xml文件。 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
    <!-- Action -->
    <bean id="loginAction" scope="prototype" class="action.LoginAction"></bean>
</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
    <!-- Action -->
    <bean id="loginAction" scope="prototype" class="action.LoginAction"></bean>
</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
    <!-- Action -->
    <bean id="loginAction" scope="prototype" class="action.LoginAction"></bean>
</beans>

 
    4)整合Spring與Struts。在Struts的lib目錄中找到struts2-spring-plugin-*.jar，引入到工程中。


  5.配置Hibernate

        1)解壓縮hibernate-distribution-*.zip。導入hibernate-distribution-*GA/lib/required目錄中的jar包。

                hibernate3.jar                         核心類庫
                antlr-2.7.6.jar                          代碼掃描器,用來翻譯HQL語句
                commons-collections-3.1.jar    Apache Commons包中的一個，包含了一些Apache開發的集合類，

                                                                功能比java.util.*強大
                dom4j-1.6.1.jar                        一個Java的XML API，類似於jdom，用來讀寫XML文件的
                javassist-3.4.GA.jar                 Javassist 字節碼解釋器
                jta-1.1.jar                                標準的JTA API。
                slf4j-api-1.5.2.jar
                slf4j-nop-1.5.2.jar


        2)創建Hibernate配置文件。在WEB-INF/calsses目錄下建立鏈接數據庫的配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml。 
            (本人比較懶，公司電腦中只有Access，也懶得下載別的DBMS。所以例子是連接Access的大家將就看吧。 
            *注意：需要導入Access_JDBC30.jar。 
   hibernate.cfg.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
          "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
          "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <property name="connection.driver_class">
            com.hxtt.sql.access.AccessDriver
        </property>
        <property name="connection.url">
            jdbc:access:///D:/workspace/SSHTest/TestDatabase.accdb
        </property>
        <!--  數據庫連接設置 -->
        <property name="eclipse.connection.profile">access</property>
        <property name="connection.username"></property>
        <property name="connection.password"></property>
        <property name="dialect">com.hxtt.support.hibernate.HxttAccessDialect</property>
        <!-- show_sql 生成SQL語句 -->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <!-- SQL dialect 方言 -->
        <property name="hibernate.dialect">
            com.hxtt.support.hibernate.HxttAccessDialect
        </property>
        <!-- 添加實體類的映射文件-->
        <mapping resource="Login.hbm.xml" />

        <!-- Annotation方式配置
        <mapping class="entity.Login"/>
         -->
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
          "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
          "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <property name="connection.driver_class">
            com.hxtt.sql.access.AccessDriver
        </property>
        <property name="connection.url">
            jdbc:access:///D:/workspace/SSHTest/TestDatabase.accdb
        </property>
        <!--  數據庫連接設置 -->
        <property name="eclipse.connection.profile">access</property>
        <property name="connection.username"></property>
        <property name="connection.password"></property>
        <property name="dialect">com.hxtt.support.hibernate.HxttAccessDialect</property>
        <!-- show_sql 生成SQL語句 -->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <!-- SQL dialect 方言 -->
        <property name="hibernate.dialect">
            com.hxtt.support.hibernate.HxttAccessDialect
        </property>
        <!-- 添加實體類的映射文件-->
        <mapping resource="Login.hbm.xml" />

        <!-- Annotation方式配置
        <mapping class="entity.Login"/>
         -->
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC   
          "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"   
          "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <property name="connection.driver_class">
            com.hxtt.sql.access.AccessDriver   
        </property>
        <property name="connection.url">
            jdbc:access:///D:/workspace/SSHTest/TestDatabase.accdb
        </property>
        <!--  數據庫連接設置 -->
        <property name="eclipse.connection.profile">access</property>
        <property name="connection.username"></property>
        <property name="connection.password"></property>
        <property name="dialect">com.hxtt.support.hibernate.HxttAccessDialect</property>
        <!-- show_sql 生成SQL語句 -->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <!-- SQL dialect 方言 -->
        <property name="hibernate.dialect">
            com.hxtt.support.hibernate.HxttAccessDialect   
        </property>
        <!-- 添加實體類的映射文件-->
        <mapping resource="Login.hbm.xml" />
          
        <!-- Annotation方式配置
        <mapping class="entity.Login"/>
         -->
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

 
             注意：單獨使用Hibernate需要創建Session工廠類HibernateSessionFactory.java 
                     (如果用Spring整合就不需要了。Spring會在applicationContext.xml中創建。) 
                      Hibernat 對數據庫的操作是通過Session來實現的，這裏的session不同於頁面間傳遞參數的session, 
                      而是類似於JDBC中的 Connection。Session是Hibernate運作的中心， 
                      對象的生命週期、事務的管理、數據庫的存取都與session息息相關。 
                      而Session是由HibernateSessionFactory創建的，是線程安全的， 
                      可以讓多個執行線程同時存取HibernateSessionFactory而不會有數據共享的問題， 
                      但不能讓多個線程共享一個Session。

       3)Login.hbm.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
          "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
          "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" >
<hibernate-mapping package="包名">
    <class name="類名" table="表名">
        <id name="主鍵在java類中的字段名" column="對應表中字段" type="類型 ">
            <generator class="主鍵生成策略"/>
        </id>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
          "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
          "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" >
<hibernate-mapping package="包名">
    <class name="類名" table="表名">
        <id name="主鍵在java類中的字段名" column="對應表中字段" type="類型 ">
            <generator class="主鍵生成策略"/>
        </id>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
          "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
          "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" >
<hibernate-mapping package="包名">
    <class name="類名" table="表名">
        <id name="主鍵在java類中的字段名" column="對應表中字段" type="類型 ">
            <generator class="主鍵生成策略"/>
        </id>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

 

  6.Spring整合Hibernate。Spring對hibernate的Session的創建、提交、關閉的整個生命週期進行管理。 
        1)  配置sessionFactory，讓spring來創建Session。在applicationContext.xml中增加如下代碼：

<!-- sessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
       <property name="configLocation">
           <value>classpath:/hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
       </property>
    </bean>

<!-- sessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
       <property name="configLocation">
           <value>classpath:/hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
       </property>
    </bean>

<!-- sessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
       <property name="configLocation">
           <value>classpath:/hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
       </property>
    </bean>