封裝get和post接口的請求並斷言

 

先看看項目目錄：

一：第一步先創建一個maven項目，其中pom文件的的依賴如下

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <version>6.11</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
            <version>4.4.9</version>
        </dependency>
</dependencies>

二：可以看到我們還有一個properties的配置文件，該文件目前就一個host，以後的各種key-value形式的數據都可以用配置文件進行維護（當然用數據庫存儲或者excel表格也是可以的，這裏不涉及）

三：然後我們來寫一個基礎類用來讀取配置文件中的key,定義的狀態碼是爲了以後做斷言用的，你也可以先不寫這個，直接註釋掉也是可以的

package com.yufeng.httpclient.base;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class TestBase {
    public Properties prop;
    public int RESPNSE_STATUS_CODE_200 = 200;
    public int RESPNSE_STATUS_CODE_201 = 201;
    public int RESPNSE_STATUS_CODE_404 = 404;
    public int RESPNSE_STATUS_CODE_500 = 500;


    //寫一個構造函數
    public TestBase() {

        try {
            prop = new Properties();
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(".\\config.properties");
            prop.load(fis);

        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

四：讀取完配置文件後，我們就應該來創建client對象，get/post對象和httpresponse對象（client-->看做postman），用來發送請求的對象，我們將get和post請求都封裝到一個類中（老版本創建httpclient對象的時候，用的是

HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();

，但是這個方法已經差不多被棄用了，所以我們不用這個，我們用下面的方式）

package com.yufeng.httpclient.restclient;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;

public class RestClient {
    //1. Get 請求方法

    public CloseableHttpResponse get(String url) throws IOException {

        //創建一個可關閉的HttpClient對象
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        //創建一個HttpGet的請求對象
        HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(url);
        //執行請求,相當於postman上點擊發送按鈕，然後賦值給HttpResponse對象接收
        CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpget);
        return httpResponse;

    }

    //    2.POST請求方法
    public CloseableHttpResponse post(String url, HashMap<String, String> headermap, String entityString) throws IOException {
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        //加載請求頭到httppost對象
        for (HashMap.Entry<String, String> entry : headermap.entrySet()) {
            httpPost.addHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
        }
//      設置playload
        httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(entityString));

        CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
        return httpResponse;
    }
}

五：接下來如果我們只做get請求，那就在來一個測試類就行了（如果需要做響應斷言，就自己寫一個util類進行解析，後續會將該類的方法提供出來）

package com.yufeng.httpclient;

import com.yufeng.httpclient.base.TestBase;
import com.yufeng.httpclient.restclient.RestClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.io.IOException;

public class GetApiTest extends TestBase {
    TestBase testBase;
    String host;
    String url;
    RestClient restClient;
    CloseableHttpResponse closeableHttpResponse;


    @BeforeClass
    public void setUp() {
        testBase = new TestBase();
        host = prop.getProperty("HOST");
        url = host + "/api/users";
    }


    @Test
    public void getAPITest() throws IOException {
        restClient = new RestClient();
        closeableHttpResponse= restClient.get(url);

        //斷言狀態碼是不是200
        int statusCode = closeableHttpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        Assert.assertEquals(statusCode,RESPNSE_STATUS_CODE_200,"response status code is not 200");
    }
}

這樣一個get請求的接口就差不多了，我們來看看結果：

然後我們來試試POST請求，一般post請求的入參我們都寫在一個JavaBean中，如下：

package com.yufeng.httpclient.bean;

public class UserInfo {
    private String email;
    private String password;

    public UserInfo(String email, String password) {
        super();
        this.email = email;
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

因爲想到post返回的是json格式的，我們上面說了要寫一個util類進行解析，如下（這段代碼是copy別的大神的，直接拿來用就好了）：

package com.yufeng.httpclient.util;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

public class TestUtil {
    /**
     * @param responseJson                        ,這個變量是拿到響應字符串通過json轉換成json對象
     * @param jpath,這個jpath指的是用戶想要查詢json對象的值的路徑寫法 jpath寫法舉例：1) per_page  2)data[1]/first_name ，data是一個json數組，[1]表示索引
     *                                            /first_name 表示data數組下某一個元素下的json對象的名稱爲first_name
     * @return，返回first_name這個json對象名稱對應的值
     */


    //1 json解析方法
    public static String getValueByJPath(JSONObject responseJson, String jpath) {

        Object obj = responseJson;

        for (String s : jpath.split("/")) {

            if (!s.isEmpty()) {

                if (!(s.contains("[") || s.contains("]"))) {

                    obj = ((JSONObject) obj).get(s);

                } else if (s.contains("[") || s.contains("]")) {

                    obj = ((JSONArray) ((JSONObject) obj).get(s.split("\\[")[0])).get(Integer.parseInt(s.split("\\[")[1].replaceAll("]", "")));

                }
            }
        }
        return obj.toString();
    }
}

然後我們去試一試這個post請求的情況：

package com.yufeng.httpclient;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.yufeng.httpclient.base.TestBase;
import com.yufeng.httpclient.bean.UserInfo;
import com.yufeng.httpclient.restclient.RestClient;
import com.yufeng.httpclient.util.TestUtil;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;

public class PostApiTest extends TestBase {
    TestBase testBase;
    String host;
    String url;
    RestClient restClient;
    CloseableHttpResponse closeableHttpResponse;

    @BeforeClass
    public void setUp() {
        testBase = new TestBase();
        host = prop.getProperty("HOST");
        url = host + "/api/login";
        System.out.println("接口地址："+ url);
    }

    @Test
    public void postapitest() throws IOException {
        restClient = new RestClient();
        //2.準備請求頭信息
        HashMap<String, String> headermap = new HashMap<String, String>();
        headermap.put("content-type", "application/json");
        //3.對象轉換成Json字符串
        UserInfo userInfo = new UserInfo("peter@klaven", "cityslicka");
        String userJsonstring = JSON.toJSONString(userInfo);
        System.out.println("請求數據："+userJsonstring);
        closeableHttpResponse = restClient.post(url, headermap, userJsonstring);
        //驗證狀態碼是不是200
        int statusCode = closeableHttpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        Assert.assertEquals(statusCode, RESPNSE_STATUS_CODE_200, "status code is not 200");

        //斷言響應json內容中token是不是期待結果
        String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(closeableHttpResponse.getEntity());
        JSONObject responseJson = JSON.parseObject(responseString);
        System.out.println("響應數據："+responseJson);
        //System.out.println(responseString);
        String token = TestUtil.getValueByJPath(responseJson, "token");
        Assert.assertEquals(token, "QpwL5tke4Pnpja7X", "登錄失敗");

    }

}

這是post請求的執行代碼，我們來看看結果：

 

請求成功！！！現在先記錄一下使用Testng+HttpClient進行接口測試的方式，後續再加上log4j和Extentreports進行日誌的打印和報告的優化~~

項目下載地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1GRVf0g4vRuEAvigyed4Jcg  提取碼：573g