在使用tomcat之前，需要先安裝JDK，然後配置環境變量path，即將JDK的bin目錄的完整路徑放到path中。
我使用的是apache-tomcat-6.0.14，並分別在xp和Win7中試驗了tomcat解壓縮版如何啓動，下面分別來說明。
在win7系統中，將tomcat解壓到一個目錄中，我解壓到了C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation中，然後雙擊C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apache-tomcat-6.0.14\bin\startup.bat，此時命令提示符窗口一閃而過，tomcat並未啓動。我們可以進入命令提示符窗口來查看問題所在。打開命令提示符窗口，進入到startup.bat所在的目錄下（即輸入cd C:\Program
Files\Apache Software Foundation\apache-tomcat-6.0.14\bin），輸入startup並回車，可以看到命令提示符窗口中出現以下內容：
Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7600]
版權所有 (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有權利。
C:\Users\ywk>cd C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apache-tomcat-6.0.14
\bin
C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apache-tomcat-6.0.14\bin>startup
Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is defined
At least one of these environment variable is needed to run this program
C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apache-tomcat-6.0.14\bin>
可見問題同xp一樣，所以我們需要再設置JAVA_HOME環境變量，方法同上，再次強調一遍，JAVA_HOME環境變量的內容最後一定不要加分號。
此時，再到bin目錄下雙擊startup.bat就可以啓動tomcat了，此時會出現一個命令提示符窗口，其內容如下：
at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:102)
at java.io.FileWriter.<init>(FileWriter.java:61)
at org.apache.juli.FileHandler.open(FileHandler.java:259)
at org.apache.juli.FileHandler.<init>(FileHandler.java:59)
at org.apache.juli.FileHandler.<init>(FileHandler.java:50)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstruct
orAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingC
onstructorAccessorImpl.java:27)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513)
at java.lang.Class.newInstance0(Class.java:355)
at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:308)
at org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.readConfiguration(ClassLoaderLo
gManager.java:398)
at org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.readConfiguration(ClassLoaderLo
gManager.java:342)
at org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.readConfiguration(ClassLoaderLo
gManager.java:238)
at java.util.logging.LogManager$2.run(LogManager.java:266)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.util.logging.LogManager.readPrimordialConfiguration(LogManager.j
ava:264)
at java.util.logging.LogManager.getLogManager(LogManager.java:247)
at java.util.logging.Logger.<init>(Logger.java:220)
at java.util.logging.LogManager$RootLogger.<init>(LogManager.java:997)
at java.util.logging.LogManager$RootLogger.<init>(LogManager.java:994)
at java.util.logging.LogManager$1.run(LogManager.java:179)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.util.logging.LogManager.<clinit>(LogManager.java:156)
at java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(Logger.java:273)
at org.apache.juli.logging.DirectJDKLog.<init>(DirectJDKLog.java:71)
at org.apache.juli.logging.DirectJDKLog.getInstance(DirectJDKLog.java:17
8)
at org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getInstance(LogFactory.java:170)
at org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getInstance(LogFactory.java:241)
at org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogFactory.java:296)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.<clinit>(Bootstrap.java:54)
java.util.logging.ErrorManager: 4
java.io.FileNotFoundException: C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apach
e-tomcat-6.0.14\logs\admin.2010-05-16.log (拒絕訪問。)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.openAppend(Native Method)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:177)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:102)
at java.io.FileWriter.<init>(FileWriter.java:61)
at org.apache.juli.FileHandler.open(FileHandler.java:259)
at org.apache.juli.FileHandler.<init>(FileHandler.java:59)
at org.apache.juli.FileHandler.<init>(FileHandler.java:50)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstruct
orAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingC
onstructorAccessorImpl.java:27)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513)
at java.lang.Class.newInstance0(Class.java:355)
at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:308)
at org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.readConfiguration(ClassLoaderLo
gManager.java:398)
at org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.readConfiguration(ClassLoaderLo
gManager.java:342)
at org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.readConfiguration(ClassLoaderLo
gManager.java:238)
at java.util.logging.LogManager$2.run(LogManager.java:266)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.util.logging.LogManager.readPrimordialConfiguration(LogManager.j
ava:264)
at java.util.logging.LogManager.getLogManager(LogManager.java:247)
at java.util.logging.Logger.<init>(Logger.java:220)
at java.util.logging.LogManager$RootLogger.<init>(LogManager.java:997)
at java.util.logging.LogManager$RootLogger.<init>(LogManager.java:994)
at java.util.logging.LogManager$1.run(LogManager.java:179)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.util.logging.LogManager.<clinit>(LogManager.java:156)
at java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(Logger.java:273)
at org.apache.juli.logging.DirectJDKLog.<init>(DirectJDKLog.java:71)
at org.apache.juli.logging.DirectJDKLog.getInstance(DirectJDKLog.java:17
8)
at org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getInstance(LogFactory.java:170)
at org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getInstance(LogFactory.java:241)
at org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogFactory.java:296)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.<clinit>(Bootstrap.java:54)
java.util.logging.ErrorManager: 4
java.io.FileNotFoundException: C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apach
e-tomcat-6.0.14\logs\host-manager.2010-05-16.log (拒絕訪問。)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.openAppend(Native Method)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:177)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:102)
at java.io.FileWriter.<init>(FileWriter.java:61)
at org.apache.juli.FileHandler.open(FileHandler.java:259)
at org.apache.juli.FileHandler.<init>(FileHandler.java:59)
at org.apache.juli.FileHandler.<init>(FileHandler.java:50)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstruct
orAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingC
onstructorAccessorImpl.java:27)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513)
at java.lang.Class.newInstance0(Class.java:355)
at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:308)
at org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.readConfiguration(ClassLoaderLo
gManager.java:398)
at org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.readConfiguration(ClassLoaderLo
gManager.java:342)
at org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.readConfiguration(ClassLoaderLo
gManager.java:238)
at java.util.logging.LogManager$2.run(LogManager.java:266)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.util.logging.LogManager.readPrimordialConfiguration(LogManager.j
ava:264)
at java.util.logging.LogManager.getLogManager(LogManager.java:247)
at java.util.logging.Logger.<init>(Logger.java:220)
at java.util.logging.LogManager$RootLogger.<init>(LogManager.java:997)
at java.util.logging.LogManager$RootLogger.<init>(LogManager.java:994)
at java.util.logging.LogManager$1.run(LogManager.java:179)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.util.logging.LogManager.<clinit>(LogManager.java:156)
at java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(Logger.java:273)
at org.apache.juli.logging.DirectJDKLog.<init>(DirectJDKLog.java:71)
at org.apache.juli.logging.DirectJDKLog.getInstance(DirectJDKLog.java:17
8)
at org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getInstance(LogFactory.java:170)
at org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getInstance(LogFactory.java:241)
at org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogFactory.java:296)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.<clinit>(Bootstrap.java:54)
2010-5-16 16:25:30 org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init
信息: The Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in produ
ction environments was not found on the java.library.path: C:\Program Files\Java
\jdk1.6.0_16\bin;.;C:\Windows\Sun\Java\bin;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Pro
gram Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_16\bin;D:\辦公\GCC\gcc\bin;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windo
ws;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;D:\程序\
Windows優化大師\VistaMaster;D:\系統\Windows優化大師\VistaMaster;C:\Program Files
\Common Files\Thunder Network\KanKan\Codecs;c:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Serve
r\90\Tools\binn\;C:\Program Files\IDM Computer Solutions\UltraEdit\
2010-5-16 16:25:30 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol init
信息: Initializing Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8080
2010-5-16 16:25:30 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
信息: Initialization processed in 506 ms
2010-5-16 16:25:31 org.apache.naming.NamingContext lookup
警告: Unexpected exception resolving reference
java.io.FileNotFoundException: C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apach
e-tomcat-6.0.14\conf\tomcat-users.xml.new (拒絕訪問。)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.open(Native Method)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:179)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:131)
at org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabase.save(MemoryUserDatabase.
java:521)
at org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory.getObjectInstance
(MemoryUserDatabaseFactory.java:104)
at org.apache.naming.factory.ResourceFactory.getObjectInstance(ResourceF
actory.java:140)
at javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getObjectInstance(NamingManager.java:3
04)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:793)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:140)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.nextElementInterna
l(NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.java:113)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.next(NamingContext
BindingsEnumeration.java:71)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.createMBe
ans(GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.java:137)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.createMBe
ans(GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.java:109)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.lifecycle
Event(GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.java:81)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycl
eSupport.java:117)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:703
)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:566)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.
java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
2010-5-16 16:25:31 org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener c
reateMBeans
嚴重: Exception processing Global JNDI Resources
javax.naming.NamingException: C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apache
-tomcat-6.0.14\conf\tomcat-users.xml.new (拒絕訪問。)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:805)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:140)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.nextElementInterna
l(NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.java:113)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.next(NamingContext
BindingsEnumeration.java:71)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.createMBe
ans(GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.java:137)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.createMBe
ans(GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.java:109)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.lifecycle
Event(GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.java:81)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycl
eSupport.java:117)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:703
)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:566)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.
java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
2010-5-16 16:25:31 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService start
信息: Starting service Catalina
2010-5-16 16:25:31 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine start
信息: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/6.0.14
2010-5-16 16:25:31 org.apache.naming.NamingContext lookup
警告: Unexpected exception resolving reference
java.io.FileNotFoundException: C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apach
e-tomcat-6.0.14\conf\tomcat-users.xml.new (拒絕訪問。)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.open(Native Method)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:179)
at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:131)
at org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabase.save(MemoryUserDatabase.
java:521)
at org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory.getObjectInstance
(MemoryUserDatabaseFactory.java:104)
at org.apache.naming.factory.ResourceFactory.getObjectInstance(ResourceF
actory.java:140)
at javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getObjectInstance(NamingManager.java:3
04)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:793)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:153)
at org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm.start(UserDatabaseRealm.j
ava:253)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1037)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443
)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:5
16)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710
)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:566)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.
java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
2010-5-16 16:25:31 org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm start
嚴重: Exception looking up UserDatabase under key UserDatabase
javax.naming.NamingException: C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apache
-tomcat-6.0.14\conf\tomcat-users.xml.new (拒絕訪問。)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:805)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:153)
at org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm.start(UserDatabaseRealm.j
ava:253)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1037)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443
)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:5
16)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710
)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:566)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.
java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
2010-5-16 16:25:31 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
嚴重: Catalina.start:
LifecycleException: No UserDatabase component found under key UserDatabase
at org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm.start(UserDatabaseRealm.j
ava:261)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1037)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443
)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:5
16)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710
)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:566)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.
java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
2010-5-16 16:25:31 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
信息: Server startup in 87 ms
此時，雖然可以啓動tomcat了，但其中出現了很多問題，並且此時在瀏覽器中的地址欄中輸入http://localhost:8080並回車時，並未出現我們想要的tomcat的那個界面。
我們還需要設置一個環境變量CATALINA_HOME，其內容爲tomcat的安裝路徑，注意同樣不要加分號。
再雙擊startup.bat，看見出現的命令提示符窗口內容和剛纔一樣，問題還在。
關閉出現的命令提示符窗口，在startup.bat上單擊右鍵，選擇“以管理員身份運行”，這時tomcat便可以正常啓動了，出現的命令提示符窗口內容如下：
2010-5-16 16:35:48 org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init
信息: The Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in produ
ction environments was not found on the java.library.path: C:\Program Files\Java
\jdk1.6.0_16\bin;.;C:\Windows\Sun\Java\bin;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Pro
gram Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_16\bin;D:\辦公\GCC\gcc\bin;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windo
ws;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;D:\程序\
Windows優化大師\VistaMaster;D:\系統\Windows優化大師\VistaMaster;C:\Program Files
\Common Files\Thunder Network\KanKan\Codecs;c:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Serve
r\90\Tools\binn\;C:\Program Files\IDM Computer Solutions\UltraEdit\
2010-5-16 16:35:48 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol init
信息: Initializing Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8080
2010-5-16 16:35:48 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
信息: Initialization processed in 539 ms
2010-5-16 16:35:48 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService start
信息: Starting service Catalina
2010-5-16 16:35:48 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine start
信息: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/6.0.14
2010-5-16 16:35:50 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol start
信息: Starting Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8080
2010-5-16 16:35:50 org.apache.jk.common.ChannelSocket init
信息: JK: ajp13 listening on /0.0.0.0:8009
2010-5-16 16:35:50 org.apache.jk.server.JkMain start
信息: Jk running ID=0 time=0/73 config=null
2010-5-16 16:35:50 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
信息: Server startup in 2126 ms
