前言
前面我們對SPI控制器驅動進行了分析,接下來來分析SPI設備驅動。我們以DS1302驅動作爲分析對象。DS1302是一款RTC芯片,估計很多人在學單片機時用到過。RTC芯片算是比較簡單的,也方便分析理解。
SPI設備驅動分析
內核:4.20
芯片:DS1302 RTC
下面的代碼分析主要都在註釋中,會按照驅動中函數的執行順序分析。我們不需要去關心RTC的具體內容,因爲它主要是一些讀寫寄存器的過程。應主要關注SPI的通信。
(1) 裝載和卸載函數
//dts匹配表
static const struct of_device_id ds1302_dt_ids[] = {
{ .compatible = "maxim,ds1302", },
{ /* sentinel */ }
};
MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, ds1302_dt_ids);
static struct spi_driver ds1302_driver = {
.driver.name = "rtc-ds1302",
.driver.of_match_table = of_match_ptr(ds1302_dt_ids),
.probe = ds1302_probe,
.remove = ds1302_remove,
};
//封裝了spi_register_driver和spi_unregister_driver
module_spi_driver(ds1302_driver);
module_spi_driver宏定義在 include/linux/spi/spi.h, 具體看一下源碼
#define module_spi_driver(__spi_driver) \
module_driver(__spi_driver, spi_register_driver, \
spi_unregister_driver)
#define module_driver(__driver, __register, __unregister, ...) \
static int __init __driver##_init(void) \
{ \
return __register(&(__driver) , ##__VA_ARGS__); \
} \
module_init(__driver##_init); \
static void __exit __driver##_exit(void) \
{ \
__unregister(&(__driver) , ##__VA_ARGS__); \
} \
module_exit(__driver##_exit);
所以只是對 spi_register_driver 和 spi_unregister_driver 做了封裝。
(2) probe()函數
static int ds1302_probe(struct spi_device *spi)
{
struct rtc_device *rtc;
u8 addr;
u8 buf[4];
u8 *bp;
int status;
//檢查是不是8bit傳輸
if (spi->bits_per_word && (spi->bits_per_word != 8)) {
dev_err(&spi->dev, "bad word length\n");
return -EINVAL;
} else if (spi->max_speed_hz > 2000000) {//檢查最大速率
dev_err(&spi->dev, "speed is too high\n");
return -EINVAL;
} else if (spi->mode & SPI_CPHA) {
dev_err(&spi->dev, "bad mode\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
//使用spi讀寫一下寄存器,檢查是否可以寫(DS1302有個寄存器是設置寫保護的)
addr = RTC_ADDR_CTRL << 1 | RTC_CMD_READ;
status = spi_write_then_read(spi, &addr, sizeof(addr), buf, 1);
......
spi_set_drvdata(spi, spi);
//註冊rtc
rtc = devm_rtc_device_register(&spi->dev, "ds1302",
&ds1302_rtc_ops, THIS_MODULE);
return 0;
}
(3) RTC設置和讀取函數
//讀取時間
static int ds1302_rtc_get_time(struct device *dev, struct rtc_time *time)
{
struct spi_device *spi = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
u8 addr = RTC_CLCK_BURST << 1 | RTC_CMD_READ;
u8 buf[RTC_CLCK_LEN - 1];
int status;
//spi讀取時間
status = spi_write_then_read(spi, &addr, sizeof(addr),
buf, sizeof(buf));
if (status < 0)
return status;
/* Decode the registers */
time->tm_sec = bcd2bin(buf[RTC_ADDR_SEC]);
time->tm_min = bcd2bin(buf[RTC_ADDR_MIN]);
time->tm_hour = bcd2bin(buf[RTC_ADDR_HOUR]);
time->tm_wday = buf[RTC_ADDR_DAY] - 1;
time->tm_mday = bcd2bin(buf[RTC_ADDR_DATE]);
time->tm_mon = bcd2bin(buf[RTC_ADDR_MON]) - 1;
time->tm_year = bcd2bin(buf[RTC_ADDR_YEAR]) + 100;
return 0;
}
//設置時間
static int ds1302_rtc_set_time(struct device *dev, struct rtc_time *time)
{
struct spi_device *spi = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
u8 buf[1 + RTC_CLCK_LEN];
u8 *bp;
int status;
/* Enable writing */
bp = buf;
*bp++ = RTC_ADDR_CTRL << 1 | RTC_CMD_WRITE;
*bp++ = RTC_CMD_WRITE_ENABLE;
//關閉寫保護
status = spi_write_then_read(spi, buf, 2,
NULL, 0);
if (status)
return status;
/* Write registers starting at the first time/date address. */
bp = buf;
*bp++ = RTC_CLCK_BURST << 1 | RTC_CMD_WRITE;
*bp++ = bin2bcd(time->tm_sec);
*bp++ = bin2bcd(time->tm_min);
*bp++ = bin2bcd(time->tm_hour);
*bp++ = bin2bcd(time->tm_mday);
*bp++ = bin2bcd(time->tm_mon + 1);
*bp++ = time->tm_wday + 1;
*bp++ = bin2bcd(time->tm_year % 100);
*bp++ = RTC_CMD_WRITE_DISABLE;
//只有寫,沒有讀
return spi_write_then_read(spi, buf, sizeof(buf),
NULL, 0);
}
static const struct rtc_class_ops ds1302_rtc_ops = {
.read_time = ds1302_rtc_get_time,
.set_time = ds1302_rtc_set_time,
};
上面讀取和設置都是調用spi_write_then_read來進行Spi通信,這個是Linux幫我們封裝好的接口函數。看一下具體實現:
int spi_write_then_read(struct spi_device *spi,
const void *txbuf, unsigned n_tx,
void *rxbuf, unsigned n_rx)
{
static DEFINE_MUTEX(lock);
int status;
struct spi_message message;
struct spi_transfer x[2];
u8 *local_buf;
if ((n_tx + n_rx) > SPI_BUFSIZ || !mutex_trylock(&lock)) {
local_buf = kmalloc(max((unsigned)SPI_BUFSIZ, n_tx + n_rx),
GFP_KERNEL | GFP_DMA);
if (!local_buf)
return -ENOMEM;
} else {
local_buf = buf;
}
//初始化spi_message
spi_message_init(&message);
//將要傳的數據放到spi_transfer,然後追加到spi_message
memset(x, 0, sizeof(x));
if (n_tx) {
x[0].len = n_tx;
spi_message_add_tail(&x[0], &message);
}
if (n_rx) {
x[1].len = n_rx;
spi_message_add_tail(&x[1], &message);
}
memcpy(local_buf, txbuf, n_tx);
x[0].tx_buf = local_buf;
x[1].rx_buf = local_buf + n_tx;
//進行SPI發送
status = spi_sync(spi, &message);
if (status == 0)
memcpy(rxbuf, x[1].rx_buf, n_rx);
if (x[0].tx_buf == buf)
mutex_unlock(&lock);
else
kfree(local_buf);
return status;
}
spi_sync最終會調用spi_master->transfer();傳遞給spi_sync函數的參數中有spi_device, 而spi_device中又包含spi_master的指針。所以就能找到了對應的spi控制器進行數據發送。
總結
大部分的SPI設備驅動框架都差不多,大家可以配合下面兩篇文章一起看。這樣更能理解。我們會發現,SPI設備驅動內容其實就是使用SPI控制器(spi_master)去對具體芯片設備進行讀寫。