XSD是指XML結構定義 ( XML Schemas Definition ) XML Schema 是DTD的替代品。XML Schema語言也就是XSD。 XML Schema描述了XML文檔的結構。可以用一個指定的XML Schema來驗證某個XML文檔，以檢查該XML文檔是否符合其要求。文檔設計者可以通過XML Schema指定一個XML文檔所允許的結構和內容，並可據此檢查一個XML文檔是否是有效的。XML Schema本身是一個XML文檔，它符合XML語法結構。可以用通用的XML解析器解析它。 一個XML Schema會定義：文檔中出現的元素、文檔中出現的屬性、子元素、子元素的數量、子元素的順序、元素是否爲空、元素和屬性的數據類型、元素或屬性的默認和固定值。 XSD是DTD替代者的原因，一是據將來的條件可擴展，二是比DTD豐富和有用，三是用XML書寫，四是支持數據類型，五是支持命名空間。 XSD文件的後綴名爲.xsd。 XML Schema的優點: 1) XML Schema基於XML,沒有專門的語法 2) XML可以象其他XML文件一樣解析和處理 3) XML Schema支持一系列的數據類型(int、float、Boolean、date等) 4) XML Schema提供可擴充的數據模型。 5) XML Schema支持綜合命名空間 6) XML Schema支持屬性組。
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--> <!-- schema.xsd -->
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns="schema.xsd"
elementFormDefault="qualified"
targetNamespace="schema.xsd">
<xsd:element name="bookstore" type="bookstoreType"/>
<xsd:complexType name="bookstoreType">
<xsd:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xsd:element name="book" type="bookType"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
<xsd:complexType name="bookType">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="title" type="xsd:string"/>
<xsd:element name="author" type="authorName"/>
<xsd:element name="price" type="xsd:decimal"/>
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="genre" type="xsd:string"/>
<xsd:attribute name="publicationdate" type="xsd:string"/>
<xsd:attribute name="ISBN" type="xsd:string"/>
</xsd:complexType>
<xsd:complexType name="authorName">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="first-name" type="xsd:string"/>
<xsd:element name="last-name" type="xsd:string"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:schema>
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--><!-- bookSchemaFail.xml -->
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<bookstore xmlns="schema.xsd">
<book>
<author>
<first-name>Benjamin</first-name>
<last-name>Franklin</last-name>
</author>
</book>
<book genre="novel">
<title>The Confidence Man</title>
<author>
<first-name>Herman</first-name>
<last-name>Melville</last-name>
</author>
<price>11.99</price>
</book>
<book genre="philosophy">
<title>The Gorgias</title>
<author>
<name>Plato</name>
</author>
<price>9.99</price>
</book>
</bookstore>
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--> using System;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Schema;
using System.IO;
namespace SchemaData
{
/// <summary>
/// Validator 的摘要說明。
/// </summary>
public class Validator
{
private const String document3 = "booksSchema.xml";
private const String document4 = "booksSchemaFail.xml";
private const String document5 = "schema.xsd";
private XmlValidatingReader myXmlValidatingReader = null;
private XmlTextReader myXmlTextReader = null;
private Boolean Success = true;
private String[] args = {document3, document4, document5};
public Validator()
{
//
// TODO: 在此處添加構造函數邏輯
//
}
public void Run()
{
try
{
XmlSchemaCollection myXmlSchemaCollection = new XmlSchemaCollection();
myXmlSchemaCollection.Add("schema.xsd" , new XmlTextReader(args[2]));
// 用架構驗證 XML 文件
Success = true;
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("正在用架構文件 schema.xsd 驗證 XML 文件 booksSchema.xml ...");
myXmlTextReader = new XmlTextReader (args[0]);
myXmlValidatingReader = new XmlValidatingReader(myXmlTextReader);
myXmlValidatingReader.Schemas.Add(myXmlSchemaCollection);
myXmlValidatingReader.ValidationType = ValidationType.Schema;
Validate();
// 架構驗證失敗
Success = true;
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("正在用架構文件 schema.xsd 驗證 XML 文件 booksSchemaFail.xml ...");
myXmlTextReader = new XmlTextReader (args[1]);
myXmlValidatingReader = new XmlValidatingReader(myXmlTextReader);
myXmlValidatingReader.Schemas.Add(myXmlSchemaCollection);
myXmlValidatingReader.ValidationType = ValidationType.Schema;
Validate();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine("異常：" + e.ToString());
}
finally
{
// 通過 XmlTextReader 完成
if (myXmlValidatingReader != null)
myXmlValidatingReader.Close();
}
}
private void Validate()
{
try
{
// 設置驗證事件處理程序
myXmlValidatingReader.ValidationEventHandler += new ValidationEventHandler (this.ValidationEventHandle);
// 讀取 XML 數據
while (myXmlValidatingReader.Read()){}
Console.WriteLine ("驗證已完成。驗證 {0}", (Success==true ? "成功" : "失敗"));
}
catch (XmlException e)
{
Console.WriteLine ("Xml 異常：" + e.ToString());
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine ("異常：" + e.ToString());
}
}
public void ValidationEventHandle (object sender, ValidationEventArgs args)
{
Success = false;
Console.WriteLine("\t驗證錯誤：" + args.Message);
if (args.Severity == XmlSeverityType.Warning)
{
Console.WriteLine("未找到要強制驗證的架構。");
}
else
if (args.Severity == XmlSeverityType.Error)
{
Console.WriteLine("驗證實例文檔時發生驗證錯誤。");
}
if (args.Exception != null) // XSD 架構驗證錯誤
{
Console.WriteLine(args.Exception.SourceUri + "," + args.Exception.LinePosition + "," + args.Exception.LineNumber);
}
//if (myXmlValidatingReader.Reader.LineNumber > 0)
//{
// Console.WriteLine("Line: "+ myXmlValidatingReader.Reader.LineNumber + " Position: " + myXmlValidatingReader.Reader.LinePosition);
//}
}
}
}