用AtomicInteger舉例說明:
public class TestATomicABA {
private static AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(0);
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(() -> {
boolean b = atomicInteger.compareAndSet(0, 2009);
System.out.println("****" + b + "\t" + atomicInteger.get());
boolean b1 = atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2009, 0);
System.out.println("####" + b1 + "\t" + atomicInteger.get());
}, "t1").start();
new Thread(() -> {
//保證t1線程發生一次ABA問題
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
boolean b = atomicInteger.compareAndSet(0, 1);
System.out.println("&&&&" + b + "\t" + atomicInteger.get());
}, "t2").start();
}
}
打印出來的結果如下:
****true 2009
####true 0
&&&&true 1
說明產生了ABA問題。
解決方式如下:
public class TestATomicABA {
private static AtomicStampedReference<Integer> stampedReference = new AtomicStampedReference<>(100, 1);
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(() -> {
//確保線程t2拿到了初始版本號
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
int stamp = stampedReference.getStamp();
System.out.println("第一次獲取版本號:" + stamp);
boolean b = stampedReference.compareAndSet(100, 101, stamp, stamp + 1);
System.out.println("第一次更新值:" + b + "\t value=" + stampedReference.getReference());
int stamp1 = stampedReference.getStamp();
System.out.println("第二次獲取版本號:" + stamp1);
boolean b1 = stampedReference.compareAndSet(101, 100, stamp1, stamp1 + 1);
System.out.println("第一次更新值:" + b1 + "\t value=" + stampedReference.getReference());
System.out.println("發生了一次ABA問題");
}, "t1").start();
new Thread(() -> {
int stamp = stampedReference.getStamp();
//模擬t2線程響應時間較長,t1執行了一次ABA
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + stamp);
boolean b = stampedReference.compareAndSet(100, 102, stamp, stamp + 1);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + b + "\t stampedReference=" + stampedReference.getReference());
}, "t2").start();
}
}
打印結果如下:
第一次獲取版本號:1
第一次更新值:true value=101
第二次獲取版本號:2
第一次更新值:true value=100
發生了一次ABA問題
t2 1
t2 false stampedReference=100
可以看到t2線程執行失敗了,返回了false。
補充一個小知識點,原子引用更新,這個類 類似於原子整形,它是針對自定義的一些類對象需要做原子更新操作的情況。
public class Person {
private String name;
private Integer age;
public Person(String name, Integer age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
public class TestAtomicReference {
private static AtomicReference<Person> atomicReference = new AtomicReference<>();
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person zhangsan = new Person("zhangsan", 22);
atomicReference.set(zhangsan);
boolean b = atomicReference.compareAndSet(zhangsan, new Person("lisi", 44));
System.out.println("b=" + b + "\t" + atomicReference.get());
}
}
打印結果如下:
b=true Person{name='lisi', age=44}