C#操作MDB數據庫,包括創建mdb文件,打開連接,讀取mdb數據以及存儲數據,從mdb數據庫中獲取表信息以及表字段、表數據信息
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.OleDb;
using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace Business
{
public class MdbHelper
{
private OleDbConnection myConn;
/// <summary>
/// 初始化連接數據庫
/// </summary>
/// <param name="address"></param>
public MdbHelper(string address)
{
try
{
//創建一個 OleDbConnection對象
string strCon = " Provider = Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0 ; Data Source =" + address;
myConn = new OleDbConnection(strCon);
myConn.Open();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(string.Format("初始化連接數據庫連接失敗:{0}", ex.Message));
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 關閉數據連接
/// </summary>
public void CloseConnection()
{
myConn.Close();
}
/// <summary>
///在mdb中創建一個類型和datatable一致的空表
/// </summary>
/// <param name="tableName"></param>
public void CreateTable(string tableName, DataTable dt)
{
try
{
string sql = "create table " + tableName;
string tableAttribute = "";
for (int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)
{
tableAttribute = tableAttribute + dt.Columns[i].ColumnName + " " + GetType(dt.Columns[i].DataType.ToString());
if (i < dt.Columns.Count - 1)
{
tableAttribute = tableAttribute + ",";
}
}
sql = sql + "(" + tableAttribute + ");";
OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(sql, myConn);
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 將datatable導入對應名字的表中
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path"></param>
/// <param name="name"></param>
/// <param name="dt"></param>
public void DatatableToMdb(string name, DataTable dt)
{
try
{
string strCom = string.Format("select * from {0}", name);
OleDbDataAdapter da = new OleDbDataAdapter(strCom, myConn);
OleDbCommandBuilder cb = new OleDbCommandBuilder(da);//這裏的CommandBuilder對象一定不要忘了,一般就是寫在DataAdapter定義的後面
cb.QuotePrefix = "[";
cb.QuoteSuffix = "]";
DataSet midData = new DataSet();
da.Fill(midData, name);
foreach (DataRow dR in dt.Rows)
{
DataRow dr = midData.Tables[name].NewRow();
dr.ItemArray = dR.ItemArray;//行復制
midData.Tables[name].Rows.Add(dr);
}
da.Update(midData, name);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 獲取創建mdb表格的屬性字段類型
/// </summary>
/// <param name="datatype"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private string GetType(string datatype)
{
switch (datatype)//匹配類型選擇
{
case "System.String":
return "TEXT(50)";
case "System.DateTime":
return "DateTime";
case "System.Double":
return "Double";
case "System.Int32":
case "System.Int16":
case "System.Int64":
return "Int";
default:
return "TEXT(50)";
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 創建Access數據庫
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">文件和文件路徑</param>
/// <returns>真爲創建成功,假爲創建失敗或是文件已存在</returns>
public static bool CreateAccessDatabase(string path)
{
//如果文件存在反回假
if (File.Exists(path))
{
MessageBox.Show("文件已存在!");
return false;
}
try
{
//如果目錄不存在,則創建目錄
string dirName = Path.GetDirectoryName(path);
if (!Directory.Exists(dirName))
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(dirName);
}
//創建Catalog目錄類
ADOX.CatalogClass catalog = new ADOX.CatalogClass();
string _connectionStr = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" + "Data Source=" + path
+ ";";
//根據聯結字符串使用Jet數據庫引擎創建數據庫
catalog.Create(_connectionStr);
//要加上下面這兩句,否則創建文件後會有*.ldb文件,一直到程序關閉後才消失
//原因參考 https://blog.csdn.net/baple/article/details/8131717
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.FinalReleaseComObject(catalog.ActiveConnection);
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.FinalReleaseComObject(catalog);
return true;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(string.Format("數據庫創建失敗:{0}", ex.Message));
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 獲取當前連接的mdb中的所有表名
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<string> GetTables()
{
DataTable dt = myConn.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Tables, new object[] { null, null, null, "TABLE" });
List<string> tableNameList = new List<string>();
for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++)
{
String tableName = dt.Rows[i]["TABLE_NAME"].ToString();
tableNameList.Add(tableName);
}
return tableNameList;
}
/// <summary>
/// 獲取當前傳入表名中的表內的所有字段信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="tableName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<Dictionary<string, OleDbType>> GetFields(string tableName)
{
DataTable schemaTable;
List<Dictionary<string, OleDbType>> Fields = new List<Dictionary<string, OleDbType>>();
schemaTable = myConn.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Columns, new Object[] { null, null, tableName, null });
for (int j = 0; j < schemaTable.Rows.Count; j++)
{
Dictionary<string, OleDbType> dic = new Dictionary<string, OleDbType>();
string fieldName = schemaTable.Rows[j]["COLUMN_NAME"].ToString();
OleDbType type = (OleDbType)schemaTable.Rows[j]["DATA_TYPE"];
dic.Add(fieldName, type);
Fields.Add(dic);
}
return Fields;
}
/// <summary>
/// 根據SQL命令返回一個DataTable
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql">sql/param>
/// <returns>DataTable</returns>
public DataTable GetDataTable(string sql)
{
DataTable ds = new DataTable();
try
{
OleDbDataAdapter adapter = new OleDbDataAdapter(sql, myConn);
adapter.Fill(ds);
}
catch (Exception)
{
throw new Exception("sql語句:" + sql + " 執行失敗!");
}
return ds;
}
/// <summary>
/// 按行獲取數據
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public IDataReader QueryReader(string sql)
{
lock (myConn)
{
bool fClose = myConn.State != ConnectionState.Open;
try
{
if (fClose)
myConn.Open();
OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(sql, myConn);
return cmd.ExecuteReader();
}
catch (Exception)
{
throw new Exception("sql語句:" + sql + " 執行失敗!");
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 用於查詢數據條數
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public int QueryOneInt(string sql)
{
using (var dr = QueryReader(sql))
{
if (dr.Read())
{
var o = dr.GetValue(0);
return SafeConvertAux.ToInt32(o);
}
return 0;
}
}
}
}
參考:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38370387/article/details/89189480
https://www.cnblogs.com/fatherZyl/p/4323001.html
https://blog.csdn.net/zhuanzhuanlove123/article/details/81905069