說明:本文爲Oracle常見模式對象案例指導手冊
標籤:管理模式對象、刪除模式對象、創建模式對象、
用途:用戶可以根據本文快速瞭解相關模式對象的基本用法
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★ 對象類型清單
--index
--procedure
--job
--function
--trigger
--package
--synonym
--sequence
--dblink
--view
--materialized view
--type
--
★ 創建測試環境
create user zzt identified by zzt;
grant dba to zzt;
drop table zzt.tab;
create table zzt.tab(id number primary key,name varchar2(20));
insert into zzt.tab values(1,'HaHa...');
insert into zzt.tab values(2,'HaHa...');
insert into zzt.tab values(3,'HaHa...');
insert into zzt.tab values(4,'HaHa...');
insert into zzt.tab values(5,'HaHa...');
commit;
★ 正文開始
✔ index(索引)
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
--刪除
drop index zzt.ind;
--創建
create index zzt.ind on zzt.tab(id,name);
--查看
select * from dba_indexes;
✔ procedure(存儲過程)
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
--刪除存儲過程
drop procedure zzt.pro
--創建存儲過程
create or replace procedure zzt.pro
is
begin
update zzt.tab set id=id+1;
commit;
end;
/
--執行存儲過程
exec zzt.pro;
--驗證
select * from zzt.tab;
--查看
select * from user_procedures;
✔ job(執行任務)
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
① 舊方式JOB
--刪除JOB(傳統方式)
select * from dba_jobs;
exec dbms_job.remove(21);
--創建JOB(傳統方式)(submit模式)
declare
job number;
begin
dbms_job.submit( /*非isubmit 過程不可以實現指定任務號*/
job => job, /*自動生成job_id*/
what => 'zzt.pro;', /*需要執行的存儲過程名稱或sql語句*/
next_date => sysdate + 3 / (24 * 60), /*初次執行時間-下一個3分鐘*/
interval => 'sysdate+ 1/(24*60*60)' /*每隔1秒執行一次*/
/*no_parse =>false/true 該參數只能用在isubmit過程中*/
);
end;
/
--創建JOB(傳統方式)(isubmit模式)
declare
job number;
begin
dbms_job.isubmit( /*isubmit 過程可以實現指定任務號*/
job => 999, /*指定任務號生成job_id*/
what => 'zzt.pro;', /*需要執行的存儲過程名稱或sql語句*/
next_date => sysdate + 3 / (24 * 60), /*初次執行時間-下一個3分鐘*/
interval => 'sysdate+ 1/(24*60*60)' /*每隔1秒執行一次*/
/*no_parse =>false/true 該參數只能用在isubmit過程中*/
);
end;
/
② 新方式JOB
--刪除JOB(新方法)
select * from user_scheduler_jobs;
exec dbms_scheduler.drop_job('z_n_job01');
--創建JOB(新方法)
begin
dbms_scheduler.create_job(
job_name => 'z_n_job01', /*JOB名稱*/
job_type => 'STORED_PROCEDURE', /*JOB類型*/
job_action => 'zzt.pro', /*執行的對象,相當於what*/
start_date => to_date('2018-04-20 00:00:00', 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'), /*開始時間*/
repeat_interval => 'Freq=Daily;Interval=1;ByHour=23;ByMinute=00', /*頻率*//*每天23點*/
end_date => to_date(null), /*終止時間*/
job_class => 'DEFAULT_JOB_CLASS', /*JOB組*/
enabled => true, /*自動激活*/
auto_drop => false, /*自動刪除*/
comments => '我的測試JOB' /*備註*/
);
end;
/
--運行
exec dbms_scheduler.run_job( 'z_n_job01');
--停止
exec dbms_scheduler.stop_job('z_n_job01');
exec dbms_scheduler.stop_job(job_name=>'z_n_job01',force=>true);
--禁用
exec dbms_scheduler.disable('z_n_job01');
--驗證
select * from zzt.tab;
✔ function(函數)
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
--刪除函數
drop function zzt.fun;
--創建函數
create or replace function zzt.fun(num1 number) return varchar2 is ret varchar2(8);
/* 判斷輸入值的正負 */
begin
if num1>0 then ret:='正數';
else ret:='負數';
end if;
return(ret);
end ;
/
--調用函數
select zzt.fun(9) from dual;
--查看
select * from user_objects;
select * from dba_source s where s.name='FUN';
✔ trigger(觸發器)
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
--刪除
drop trigger zzt.tri;
drop table zzt.tab_tri;
--創建觸發器表
create table zzt.tab_tri(rq date,event varchar2(20),yh varchar2(20),sl varchar2(20),db varchar2(20),err varchar2(20));
--創建觸發器
create or replace trigger zzt.tri
/* 記錄錯誤登陸的信息 */
after servererror on database
begin
insert into zzt.tab_tri values
(sysdate,
ora_sysevent,
ora_login_user,
ora_instance_num,
ora_database_name,
ora_server_error(1)
);
end;
/
--測試
sqlplus zzt/000
select * from zzt.tab_tri;
--查看
select * from dba_triggers;
✔ package(包)
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
--刪除
drop package body zzt.pkg;
drop package zzt.pkg;
--創建包頭
create or replace package zzt.pkg is
function fun(num1 number) return varchar2;
end;
/
--創建包體
create or replace package body zzt.pkg is
function fun(num1 number) return varchar2 is ret varchar2(8);
/* 判斷輸入值的正負的函數 */
begin
if num1>0 then ret:='正數';
else ret:='負數';
end if;
return(ret);
end ;
end;
/
--調用
select zzt.pkg.fun(9) from dual;
--查看
select * from user_objects;
select * from dba_source s where s.name='PKG';
✔ sequence(序列)
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
--刪除序列
drop sequence zzt.seq;
--創建序列
create sequence zzt.seq
increment by 1
start with 1
nomaxvalue
nocycle
noorder
cache 10;
--查看
select * from dba_sequences;
✔ synonym(同義詞)
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
--刪除
drop synonym zzt.syn;
--創建
create or replace synonym zzt.syn for zzt.tab;
create or replace public synonym syn for zzt.tab;
--查看
select * from dba_synonyms;
✔ dblink(數據庫鏈接)
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
--刪除
drop database link zzt.dbl_scott;
--創建
create database link zzt.dbl_scott connect to scott identified by tiger using 'TNS_RAC1';
create database link zzt.dbl_scott connect to scott identified by tiger using '(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS =(PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 1.1.1.1)(PORT = 1521)))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVICE_NAME = rac1)))';
create public database link zzt.dbl_scott connect to scott identified by tiger using '(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS =(PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 1.1.1.1)(PORT = 1521)))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVICE_NAME = rac1)))';
--查看
select * from dba_db_links;
✔ view(視圖)
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
--刪除
drop view zzt.view01
--創建
create or replace view zzt.view01 as select id,name,sysdate sj from zzt.tab;
--查看
select * from dba_views;
✔ materialized view(物化視圖)
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
① primary key模式
--創建物化視圖日誌(primary key模式)(FAST必須創建基於主表的視圖日誌)
drop materialized view log on zzt.tab;
create materialized view log on zzt.tab with primary key including new values;
--創建物化視圖(最快模式:on commit)(不能加時間參數)(對主表性能影響較大)
drop materialized view zzt.mview01;
create materialized view zzt.mview01
refresh fast
on commit
with primary key
as select * from zzt.tab;
--創建物化視圖(常規模式:on commit)
drop materialized view zzt.mview01;
create materialized view zzt.mview01
refresh fast
on demand
with primary key
start with sysdate next sysdate+1/(24*60*60)
as select * from zzt.tab;
--查驗
update zzt.tab set id=id+1;
commit;
select * from zzt.mview01;
--查看
select * from dba_mview_analysis;
② rowid模式
--創建物化視圖日誌(rowid模式)(FAST必須創建基於主表的視圖日誌)
drop materialized view log on zzt.tab;
create materialized view log on zzt.tab with rowid;
--創建物化視圖(最快模式:on commit)(不能加時間參數)(對主表性能影響較大)
drop materialized view zzt.mview01;
create materialized view zzt.mview01
refresh fast
on commit
with rowid
as select * from zzt.tab;
--創建物化視圖(常規模式:on commit)
drop materialized view zzt.mview01;
create materialized view zzt.mview01
refresh fast
on demand
with rowid
start with sysdate next sysdate+1/(24*60*60)
as select * from zzt.tab;
--查驗
update zzt.tab set id=id+1;
commit;
select * from zzt.mview01;
--查看
select * from dba_mview_analysis;
✔ type(自定義類型)
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
--切換用戶
conn zzt/zzt
--刪除
drop table zzt.tab_typ;
drop type zzt.typ;
--創建
create or replace type zzt.typ as object (a1 number, a2 number);
/
--驗證
drop table zzt.tab_typ;
create table zzt.tab_typ (b1 number,b2 zzt.typ);
insert into zzt.tab_typ values (1,zzt.typ(2,3));
commit;
col b1 for 9999
col b2 for a20
select * from zzt.tab_typ;
--查看
select * from dba_types;
select * from dba_dependencies d where d.owner='ZZT' and d.type='TYPE';
✔ 未完待續……
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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