unittest之TestCase類使用

1. 爲什麼使用unitest？

主要用於自動化測試用例的開發和執行，這裏的測試則是創建一個測試數據庫，當正常結束時，會刪掉測試數據庫

2. 如何使用unittest

1. 在app下新建test.py文件

2. 導入unittest庫

   import unittest

3. 創建類繼承TestCase類，eg.

   class GameTest(unittest.TestCase):

4. 在類中定義test開頭的方法，即可使用

3. 注意事項

1. 必須要有setUp和tearDown方法

2. self.assertEqual是TestCase裏斷言的方法，類似於try except

3. 每個測試用例必須要用test開頭

4. 當出現post、get、put、delete同時存在時，需要其間順序

   delete put get post

5. 執行順序按照ASCII排序

6. 當使用put時，需要注意格式

   response = c.put(url,data=json.dumps({
             "name": "tes1",
             "school": "實驗高中"
           }),content_type='application/json')
   # 首先將參數json，其次要寫上content_type='application/json'
   

7. 當使用django.contrib.auth.models時，可以快捷給用戶添加權限，參考代碼

   from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
   
   self.user = UserProfile.objects.create(username='teacher1')
   self.user.set_password('12345')
   self.user.save()
   pers = Permission.objects.filter(codename__in=['add_userinfo', 'change_userinfo', 'delete_userinfo'])
           for per in pers:
               self.user.user_permissions.add(per)
   

4. 具體使用

import unittest
from django.test import Client

from users.models import UserProfile, StudentProfile
from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission


class StudentTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.user = UserProfile.objects.create(username='teacher1')
        self.user.set_password('12345')
        self.user.save()
        pers = Permission.objects.filter(codename__in=['add_studentprofile', 'change_studentprofile', 'delete_studentprofile'])
        	for per in pers:
            	self.user.user_permissions.add(per)

    # put請求
    def test_02_put_student(self):
        c = Client()
        user = UserProfile.objects.filter().first()
        url = f'/api/student/{user.id}/'
        c.login(username='teacher1', password='12345')
        response = c.put(url,data=json.dumps({
        	"name": "小明",
        	"school": "實驗高中"
        }),content_type='application/json')
        self.assertEqual(json.loads(response.content)["status"], 'ok')
        c.logout()

    # get請求
    def test_03_get_student_list(self):
        c = Client()
        c.login(username='teacher1', password='12345')
        response = c.get('/api/student/',{'page':1, 'page_size':2})
        self.assertEqual(json.loads(response.content)["status"], 'ok')
        c.logout()

    # post請求
    def test_04_post_student(self):
        c = Client()
        c.login(username='teacher1', password='12345')
        response = c.post('/api/student/',{
        	"name": "小明",
        	"school": "實驗高中"
        })
        self.assertEqual(json.loads(response.content)['status'], 'ok')
        c.logout()

	# get請求
    def test_05_get_student_by_id(self):
        c = Client()
        c.login(username='teacher1', password='12345')
        response = c.get('/api/student/',{'id':1})
        self.assertEqual(json.loads(response.content)["status"], 'ok')
        c.logout()

	# delete請求
    def test_01_delete_student(self):
        c = Client()

        c.login(username='teacher1', password='12345')
        user = UserProfile.objects.filter().first()
        url = f'/api/student/{user.id}/'
        response = c.delete(url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 204)
        c.logout()

    def tearDown(self):
        self.user.delete()

5. 運行命令

#運行測試文件
python -m unittest test_module

#測試單個測試類
python -m unittest test_module.test_class

#測試多個測試類
python -m unittest test_module.test_class test_module2.test_class2

#通配符匹配測試文件執行
python -m unittest -p test*.py 

#顯示詳細信息
python -m unittest -v test_module

#幫助
python -m unittest -h

#Django
python manage.py test