GraphQL學習與實踐4(模擬客戶端請求)

在前面的學習中,使用的都是偏後臺,直接通過設置graphiql爲true,然後通過自帶的工具進行的驗證。這裏來說三個模擬客戶端請求的案例。

使用query的ajax請求

新建一個文件夾,test9-query目錄作爲該項模擬的根目錄。
新建schema目錄,schema.js文件:

const graphql = require('graphql');
const queryType = new graphql.GraphQLObjectType({
   name: 'Query',
   fields: {
      greeting: {
         type: graphql.GraphQLString,
         resolve: () => 'Hello GraphQL  From TutorialsPoint !!',
      },
      sayHello: {
         type: graphql.GraphQLString,
         args: {
            name: {
               type: graphql.GraphQLString
            }
         },
         resolve: function (_, args) {
            return `Hi ${args.name} GraphQL server says Hello to you!!`
         }
      }
   }
});

這裏的schema.js文件中,就新建了一個Query的GraphQL的類型,裏面包含了greeting,sayHello兩個業務。

在根目錄新建server.js文件:

const express = require('express');
const cors = require('cors')
const graphqlHTTP = require('express-graphql');
const graphql = require('graphql');

const { queryType } = require("./schema/schema");

const schema = new graphql.GraphQLSchema({ query: queryType });
const app = express();
app.use(cors());
app.use('/graphql', graphqlHTTP({
    schema: schema,
    graphiql: true,
}));
app.listen(4000);
console.log('Running a GraphQL API server at localhost:4000/graphql');

module.exports = { queryType };

根據之前的邏輯建立起一個服務。
注意:這裏較之前的代碼新加了一個cors模塊,用來處理服務端本地的跨域問題。需要安裝:

npm install --save cors

服務端ok之後,同樣可以使用自帶的工具進行驗證:
{
greeting,
sayHello(name:“test”)
}
如圖:
在這裏插入圖片描述
建立客戶端:
新建一個public文件夾,在該目錄下新建index.html文件:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
    <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.1.min.js"></script>
    <script>
        $(document).ready(function () {

            $("#btnSayhello").click(function () {

                const name = $("#txtName").val();
                console.log(name);
                $("#SayhelloDiv").html("loading....");

                $.ajax({
                    url: "http://localhost:4000/graphql",
                    contentType: "application/json",
                    type: "POST",
                    data: JSON.stringify({
                        query: `{
                     sayHello(name:"${name}")}`
                    }),
                    success: function (result) {
                        console.log(JSON.stringify(result))
                        $("#SayhelloDiv").html("<h1>" + result.data.sayHello + "</h1>");
                    }
                });
            });

            $("#btnGreet").click(function () {
                $("#greetingDiv").html("loading....");
                $.ajax({
                    url: "http://localhost:4000/graphql",
                    contentType: "application/json",
                    type: "POST",
                    dataType: 'json',
                    data: JSON.stringify({
                        query: `{greeting}`
                    }),
                    success: function (result) {
                        $("#greetingDiv").html("<h1>" + result.data.greeting + "</h1>");
                    }
                });
            });
        });
    </script>
</head>

<body>
    <h1>Jquery Client </h1>

    <hr />
    <section>
        <button id="btnGreet">Greet</button>
        <br /> <br />
        <div id="greetingDiv"> </div>
    </section>

    <br /> <br /> <br />
    <hr />

    <section>
        Enter a name:<input id="txtName" type="text" value="kannan" />
        <button id="btnSayhello">SayHello</button>
        <div id="SayhelloDiv"> </div>
    </section>
</body>
</html>

然後訪問該文件,點擊兩個按鈕,出現如圖所示效果:
在這裏插入圖片描述
服務端必須安裝一下cors模塊處理一下跨域的問題,不然就訪問不了,在本地的操作。

react中通過fetch網絡進行訪問

新建test10-react文件夾作爲該模擬的項目子根目錄。
新建react項目:

create-react-app hello-world-client

若是創建項目報not found的create-react-app的話,請自行安裝腳手架工具(Create React App是FaceBook的React團隊官方出的一個構建React單頁面應用的腳手架工具)。

npm install -g create-react-app

然後在hello-world-client目錄中,修改APP.js文件:

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import logo from './logo.svg';
import './App.css';

async function loadGreeting() {
  const response = await fetch('http://localhost:4000/graphql', {
    method: 'POST',
    headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
    body: JSON.stringify({ query: '{greeting}' })
  })
  const rsponseBody = await response.json();
  return rsponseBody.data.greeting;
  console.log("end of function")
}

async function loadSayhello(name) {
  const response = await fetch('http://localhost:4000/graphql', {
    method: 'POST',
    headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
    body: JSON.stringify({ query: `{sayHello(name:"${name}")}` })
  })
  const rsponseBody = await response.json();
  return rsponseBody.data.sayHello;
}

class App extends Component {

  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = { greetingMessage: '', sayHelloMessage: '', userName: '' }
    this.updateName = this.updateName.bind(this);
    this.showSayHelloMessage = this.showSayHelloMessage.bind(this);
    this.showGreeting = this.showGreeting.bind(this);
  }

  showGreeting() {
    loadGreeting().then(g => this.setState({ greetingMessage: g + " :-)" }))
  }

  showSayHelloMessage() {
    const name = this.state.userName;
    console.log(name)
    loadSayhello(name).then(m => this.setState({ sayHelloMessage: m }))
  }

  updateName(event) {
    this.setState({ userName: event.target.value })
  }

  componentDidMount() {
    this.showGreeting();
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <div className="App">
        <header className="App-header">
          <img src={logo} className="App-logo" alt="logo" />
          <p>
            Edit <code>src/App.js</code> and save to reload.
        </p>
          <a
            className="App-link"
            href="https://reactjs.org"
            target="_blank"
            rel="noopener noreferrer"
          >
            Learn React
        </a>
        </header>
        <br />
        <section>
          showGreeting:{this.state.greetingMessage}
        </section>
        <br />
        <section>
          Enter a name:<input id="txtName" type="text" onChange={this.updateName}
            value={this.state.userName} />
          <button id="btnSayhello" onClick={this.showSayHelloMessage}>SayHello</button>
          <br />
          user name is:{this.state.userName}    <br />
          <div id="SayhelloDiv">
            <h1>{this.state.sayHelloMessage}</h1>
          </div>
        </section>
      </div>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

在上面的代碼中,分別封裝了loadSayhello和loadGreeting兩個方法進行範文graphql的服務,這個服務是上面test9-jquery中啓動的服務。在hello-world-client項目中啓動:

npm start

此時會自動打開默認的瀏覽器訪問3000端口,如端口被佔用,啓動的時候會自動詢問是否更換3001端口訪問的。如圖:
在這裏插入圖片描述
因爲啓動react客戶端是全屏的,爲了方便看點,這裏還修改了一下app.css:

.App {
  text-align: center;
  min-height: 100vh;
}

.App-logo {
  height: 40vmin;
}

.App-header {
  background-color: #282c34;
  min-height: 90%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: calc(10px + 2vmin);
  color: white;
}

.App-link {
  color: #09d3ac;
}

在react中使用Apollo客戶端

新建test11-apollo-react文件夾作爲該模擬的項目子根目錄。
新建server.js文件,這裏和上面的server.js文件是一樣的:

const express = require('express');
const cors = require('cors')
const graphqlHTTP = require('express-graphql');
const graphql = require('graphql');

const { queryType } = require("./schema/schema");

const schema = new graphql.GraphQLSchema({ query: queryType });
const app = express();
app.use(cors());
app.use('/graphql', graphqlHTTP({
    schema: schema,
    graphiql: true,
}));
app.listen(4000);
console.log('Running a GraphQL API server at localhost:4000/graphql');

同樣的和上面的一樣的新建schema文件夾,裏面新建schema.js文件:

const graphql = require('graphql');

class Student {
   constructor(id, firstName, lastName, college) {
      this.id = id;
      this.firstName = firstName;
      this.lastName = lastName;
      this.college = college;
   }
}

students = [new Student('id1', 'firstName1', 'lastName1', { name: 'test1' }),
new Student('id2', 'firstName2', 'lastName2', { name: 'test2' }),
new Student('id3', 'firstName3', 'lastName3', { name: 'test3' })];

const collegeType = new graphql.GraphQLObjectType({
   name: 'College',
   fields: {
      id: {
         type: graphql.GraphQLString
      },
      name: {
         type: graphql.GraphQLString
      },
      location: {
         type: graphql.GraphQLString
      },
      rating: {
         type: graphql.GraphQLFloat
      }
   }
});

const studentType = new graphql.GraphQLObjectType({
   name: 'Student',
   fields: {
      id: {
         type: graphql.GraphQLString
      },
      firstName: {
         type: graphql.GraphQLString
      },
      lastName: {
         type: graphql.GraphQLString
      },
      college: {
         type: collegeType
      }
   }
});

const queryType = new graphql.GraphQLObjectType({
   name: 'Query',
   fields: {
      students: {
         type: graphql.GraphQLList(studentType),
         resolve: () => students,
      }
   }
});

module.exports = { queryType };

這裏就提供了students一個業務。

同樣的在子根目錄下創建react項目:

create-react-app hello-world-client

在hello-world-client目錄中,安裝客戶端的graphql庫以及Apollo Boost包:

npm install apollo-boost graphql

修改APP.js文件:

import React, {Component} from 'react';

// apollo client
import {ApolloClient, HttpLink, InMemoryCache} from 'apollo-boost'
import gql from 'graphql-tag'

const endPointUrl = 'http://localhost:4000/graphql'
const client = new ApolloClient({
   link: new HttpLink({uri:endPointUrl}),
   cache:new InMemoryCache()
});

async function loadStudentsAsync() {
   const query = gql`
   {
      students{
         id
         firstName
         lastName
         college{
            name
         }
      }
   }
   `
   const {data} = await client.query({query}) ;
   return data.students;
}
export default class  App  extends Component {
   constructor(props) {
      super(props);
      this.state = {
         students:[]
      }
      this.studentTemplate =  [];
   }
   async loadStudents() {
      const studentData =  await loadStudentsAsync();
      this.setState({
         students: studentData
      })
      console.log("loadStudents")
   }
   render() {
      return(
         <div>
            <input type = "button"  value = "loadStudents" onClick = {this.loadStudents.bind(this)}/>
            <div>
               <br/>
               <hr/>
               <table border = "3">
                  <thead>
                     <tr>
                        <td>First Name</td>
                        <td>Last Name</td>
                        <td>college Name</td>
                     </tr>
                  </thead>
                  
                  <tbody>
                     {
                        this.state.students.map(s => {
                           return (
                              <tr key = {s.id}>
                                 <td>
                                    {s.firstName}
                                 </td>
                                 <td>
                                    {s.lastName}
                                 </td>
                                 <td>
                                    {s.college.name}
                                 </td>
                              </tr>
                           )
                        })
                     }
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </div>
      )
   }
}

通過上面我們可以看到,通過apollo-boost,使用其ApolloClient, HttpLink, InMemoryCache三個模塊。

ApolloClient:
使用Apollo Client,我們可以直接調用服務器而無需使用fetch API.此外,查詢和突變不應嵌入使用反向刻度表示法的字符串中,這是因爲, gql 函數直接解析查詢.這意味着,在GraphiQL工具中編寫查詢時,程序員可以以相同的方式直接編寫查詢。 gql 是一個標記函數,它將後面的刻度表示法中的模板字符串解析爲graphql查詢對象. Apollo Client查詢方法返回一個promise。

具體可以參考官網api解析:
https://www.apollographql.com/docs/react/api/apollo-client/
https://www.apollographql.com/docs/react/caching/cache-configuration/

項目圖如下:
在這裏插入圖片描述

更多

[GraphQL學習與實踐1(入門介紹)](https://blog.csdn.net/onsenOnly/artic
le/details/102639327)
GraphQL學習與實踐2(類型、傳參與構造函數類型)
GraphQL學習與實踐3(Mutations And Input Types)
GraphQL學習與實踐4(模擬客戶端請求)
GraphQL學習與實踐5(連接數據庫mongodb與mysql)

代碼:
onsenOnly:https://github.com/onsenOnly/graphql-test

有緣請點顆星,謝謝!

發表評論
所有評論
還沒有人評論,想成為第一個評論的人麼? 請在上方評論欄輸入並且點擊發布.
相關文章