第二章 : 微服務環境搭建

我們承接上一篇開始第一章：微服務的架構介紹發展 SpringCloudAlibaba技術棧的學習

我們本次是使用的電商項目中的商品、訂單、用戶爲案例進行講解。

2.1 案例準備

2.1.1 技術選型

maven：3.6.0
數據庫：MySQL 5.7
持久層: SpingData Jpa
其他: SpringCloud Alibaba 技術棧

2.1.2 模塊設計

下面是項目端口號說明及項目結構

springcloud-alibaba 父工程
- shop-common公共模塊【實體類】
- shop-user用戶微服務【端口: 807x】
- shop-product商品微服務【端口: 808x】
- shop-order訂單微服務【端口: 809x】

2.1.3 微服務調用

在微服務架構中，最常見的場景就是微服務之間的相互調用。我們以電商系統中常見的用戶下單爲例來演示微服務的調用：客戶向訂單微服務發起一個下單的請求，在進行保存訂單之前需要調用商品微服務查詢商品的信息。

我們一般把服務的主動調用方稱爲服務消費者，把服務的被調用方稱爲服務提供者。

在這種場景下，訂單微服務就是一個服務消費者，商品微服務就是一個服務提供者。

2.2 創建父工程

創建一個maven工程，然後在pom.xml文件中添加下面內容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.spiritmark.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

  
    <!--父工程-->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>


    <!--依賴版本的鎖定-->
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
        <!--        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.1.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>-->
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>
	<!--選擇 SpringCloud 和 SpringCloud Alibaba的版本對應-->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

   

</project>

截自 2020 年 1月 7日版本對應：

2.3 創建基礎模塊

1 創建shop-common 模塊，在pom.xml中添加依賴

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
     	<groupId>com.spiritmark.cloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>

    <!--依賴-->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.56</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

2 創建實體類

用戶類

import lombok.Data;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

//用戶
@Entity(name = "shop_user")//實體類跟數據表的對應
@Data//不再去寫set和get方法
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)//數據庫自增
    private Integer uid;//主鍵
    private String username;//用戶名
    private String password;//密碼
    private String telephone;//手機號
}

商品類

import lombok.Data;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

//商品
@Entity(name = "shop_product")
@Data
public class Product {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer pid;//主鍵

    private String pname;//商品名稱
    private Double pprice;//商品價格
    private Integer stock;//庫存
}

訂單類

import lombok.Data;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

//訂單
@Entity(name = "shop_order")
@Data
public class Order {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long oid;//訂單id

    //用戶
    private Integer uid;//用戶id
    private String username;//用戶名

    //商品
    private Integer pid;//商品id
    private String pname;//商品名稱
    private Double pprice;//商品單價

    //數量
    private Integer number;//購買數量
}

2.4 創建用戶微服務

步驟:

1 創建模塊導入依賴
2 創建SpringBoot主類
3 加入配置文件
4 創建必要的接口和實現類(controller service dao)

新建一個shop-user 模塊，然後進行下面操作

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
       <groupId>com.spiritmark.cloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>shop-user</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!--shop-common-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.spiritmark.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
 
    </dependencies>

</project>

2 編寫主類

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class UserApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
	SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class， args);
}
}

3. 編寫配置文件

server:
  port: 8071
spring:
  application:
    name: service-user
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

2.5 創建商品微服務

1 創建一個名爲shop_product 的模塊，並添加springboot依賴

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.spiritmark.cloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>shop-product</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <!--springboot-web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--shop-common-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.spiritmark.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


</project>

2 創建工程的主類

@SpringBootApplication
public class ProductApplication {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
	SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class， args);
}
}

3 創建配置文件application.yml

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  application:
    name: service-product
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

4 創建ProductDao接口

public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product,Integer> {
}

5 創建ProductService接口和實現類

@Service
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {
@Autowired
private ProductDao productDao;
@Override
public Product findByPid(Integer pid) {
return productDao.findById(pid).get();
}
}

6 創建Controller

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ProductController {

    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;

    //商品信息查詢
    @RequestMapping("/product/{pid}")
    public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
        log.info("接下來要進行{}號商品信息的查詢", pid);
        Product product = productService.findByPid(pid);
        return product;
    }

7 啓動工程，等到數據庫表創建完畢之後，加入測試數據

INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE (NULL, '小米', '1000', '5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE (NULL, '華爲', '2000', '5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE (NULL, '蘋果', '3000', '5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE (NULL, 'OPPO', '4000', '5000');

8 通過瀏覽器訪問服務

2.6 創建訂單微服務

1 創建一個名爲shop-order 的模塊,並添加springboot依賴

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.spiritmark.cloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>shop-order</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <!--springboot-web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--shop-common-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.spiritmark.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


</project>

2 創建工程的主類

   @SpringBootApplication
    public class OrderApplication {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
        }
    }

3 創建配置文件application.yml

server:
  port: 8091
spring:
  application:
    name: service-order
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

4 創建OrderDao接口

public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order,Long> {
}

5 創建OrderService接口和實現類

   @Service
    public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
        @Autowired
        private OrderDao orderDao;

        @Override
        public void save(Order order) {
            orderDao.save(order);
        }
    }

6 創建RestTemplate


    @SpringBootApplication
    public class OrderApplication {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
        }

        @Bean
        public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    }

7 創建Controller

   @RestController
    @Slf4j
    public class OrderController {
        @Autowired
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
        @Autowired
        private OrderService orderService;

  //準備買1件商品
    @GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}")
    public Order order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
        log.info(">>客戶下單，這時候要調用商品微服務查詢商品信息");
//通過restTemplate調用商品微服務
        Product product = restTemplate.getForObject(
                "http://localhost:8081/product/" + pid, Product.class);
  //通過restTemplate調用商品微服務
    Product product = restTemplate.getForObject(
            "http://localhost:8081/product/" + pid, Product.class);
            
    log.info(">>商品信息,查詢結果:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setUid(1);
        order.setUsername("測試用戶");
        order.setPid(product.getPid());
        order.setPname(product.getPname());
        order.setPprice(product.getPprice());
        order.setNumber(1);
        orderService.save(order);
        return order;
            
    }

7 啓動工程,通過瀏覽器訪問服務進行測試

本章只是搭建基本環境，並不過多講解

第二章 : 微服務環境搭建

2.1 案例準備

2.1.1 技術選型

2.1.2 模塊設計

2.1.3 微服務調用

2.2 創建父工程

2.3 創建基礎模塊

2.4 創建用戶微服務

2.5 創建商品微服務

2.6 創建訂單微服務

Golang爬蟲代理接入的技術與實踐

跟着小劉一起入門一下Sharding jdbc

SpringBoot從入門到精通教程（九）: 集成EasyExcel 導入導出

第二章 : 微服務環境搭建

老哥你能寫篇 SpringCloud Alibaba 全家桶嗎？看視頻太累太枯燥了！

第五章 Gateway--服務網關

https://yachay.unat.edu.pe/blog/index.php?comment_area=format_blog&comment_component=blog&comment_co

linux以太網驅動總結