前言
pymsql是Python中操作MySQL的模塊,其使用方法和MySQLdb幾乎相同。但目前pymysql支持python3.x而後者不支持3.x版本。
本文測試python版本:2.7.11。mysql版本:5.6.24
一、安裝
pip3 install pymysql
二、使用操作
1、執行SQL
#!/usr/bin/env pytho
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pymysql
# 創建連接
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1', charset='utf8')
# 創建遊標
cursor = conn.cursor()
# 執行SQL,並返回收影響行數
effect_row = cursor.execute("select * from tb7")
# 執行SQL,並返回受影響行數
#effect_row = cursor.execute("update tb7 set pass = '123' where nid = %s", (11,))
# 執行SQL,並返回受影響行數,執行多次
#effect_row = cursor.executemany("insert into tb7(user,pass,licnese)values(%s,%s,%s)", [("u1","u1pass","11111"),("u2","u2pass","22222")])
# 提交,不然無法保存新建或者修改的數據
conn.commit()
# 關閉遊標
cursor.close()
# 關閉連接
conn.close()
注意:存在中文的時候,連接需要添加charset='utf8',否則中文顯示亂碼。
2、獲取查詢數據
#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("select * from tb7")
# 獲取剩餘結果的第一行數據
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_1
# 獲取剩餘結果前n行數據
# row_2 = cursor.fetchmany(3)
# 獲取剩餘結果所有數據
# row_3 = cursor.fetchall()
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
3、獲取新創建數據自增ID
可以獲取到最新自增的ID,也就是最後插入的一條數據ID
#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
effect_row = cursor.executemany("insert into tb7(user,pass,licnese)values(%s,%s,%s)", [("u3","u3pass","11113"),("u4","u4pass","22224")])
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
#獲取自增id
new_id = cursor.lastrowid
print new_id
4、移動遊標
操作都是靠遊標,那對遊標的控制也是必須的
注:在fetch數據時按照順序進行,可以使用cursor.scroll(num,mode)來移動遊標位置,如:
cursor.scroll(1,mode='relative') # 相對當前位置移動
cursor.scroll(2,mode='absolute') # 相對絕對位置移動
5、fetch數據類型
關於默認獲取的數據是元祖類型,如果想要或者字典類型的數據,即:
#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
#遊標設置爲字典類型
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
cursor.execute("select * from tb7")
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_1 #{u'licnese': 213, u'user': '123', u'nid': 10, u'pass': '213'}
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
6、調用存儲過程
a、調用無參存儲過程
#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
#遊標設置爲字典類型
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
#無參數存儲過程
cursor.callproc('p2') #等價於cursor.execute("call p2()")
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_1
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
b、調用有參存儲過程#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
cursor.callproc('p1', args=(1, 22, 3, 4))
#獲取執行完存儲的參數,參數@開頭
cursor.execute("select @p1,@_p1_1,@_p1_2,@_p1_3") #{u'@_p1_1': 22, u'@p1': None, u'@_p1_2': 103, u'@_p1_3': 24}
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_1
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
三、關於pymysql防注入
1、字符串拼接查詢,造成注入
正常查詢語句:
#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
user="u1"
passwd="u1pass"
#正常構造語句的情況
sql="select user,pass from tb7 where user='%s' and pass='%s'" % (user,passwd)
#sql=select user,pass from tb7 where user='u1' and pass='u1pass'
row_count=cursor.execute(sql) row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_count,row_1
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
構造注入語句:#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
user="u1' or '1'-- "
passwd="u1pass"
sql="select user,pass from tb7 where user='%s' and pass='%s'" % (user,passwd)
#拼接語句被構造成下面這樣,永真條件,此時就注入成功了。因此要避免這種情況需使用pymysql提供的參數化查詢。
#select user,pass from tb7 where user='u1' or '1'-- ' and pass='u1pass'
row_count=cursor.execute(sql)
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_count,row_1
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
2、避免注入,使用pymysql提供的參數化語句
正常參數化查詢
#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
user="u1"
passwd="u1pass"
#執行參數化查詢
row_count=cursor.execute("select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s",(user,passwd))
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_count,row_1
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
構造注入,參數化查詢注入失敗。#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
user="u1' or '1'-- "
passwd="u1pass"
#執行參數化查詢
row_count=cursor.execute("select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s",(user,passwd))
#內部執行參數化生成的SQL語句,對特殊字符進行了加\轉義,避免注入語句生成。
# sql=cursor.mogrify("select user,pass from tb7 where user=%s and pass=%s",(user,passwd))
# print sql
#select user,pass from tb7 where user='u1\' or \'1\'-- ' and pass='u1pass'被轉義的語句。
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_count,row_1
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
結論:excute執行SQL語句的時候,必須使用參數化的方式,否則必然產生SQL注入漏洞。
3、使用存mysql儲過程動態執行SQL防注入
使用MYSQL存儲過程自動提供防注入,動態傳入SQL到存儲過程執行語句。
delimiter \\
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS proc_sql \\
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_sql (
in nid1 INT,
in nid2 INT,
in callsql VARCHAR(255)
)
BEGIN
set @nid1 = nid1;
set @nid2 = nid2;
set @callsql = callsql;
PREPARE myprod FROM @callsql;
-- PREPARE prod FROM 'select * from tb2 where nid>? and nid<?'; 傳入的值爲字符串,?爲佔位符
-- 用@p1,和@p2填充佔位符
EXECUTE myprod USING @nid1,@nid2;
DEALLOCATE prepare myprod;
END\\
delimiter ;
set @nid1=12;
set @nid2=15;
set @callsql = 'select * from tb7 where nid>? and nid<?';
CALL proc_sql(@nid1,@nid2,@callsql)
pymsql中調用#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1')
cursor = conn.cursor()
mysql="select * from tb7 where nid>? and nid<?"
cursor.callproc('proc_sql', args=(11, 15, mysql))
rows = cursor.fetchall()
print rows #((12, 'u1', 'u1pass', 11111), (13, 'u2', 'u2pass', 22222), (14, 'u3', 'u3pass', 11113))
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
四、使用with簡化連接過程
每次都連接關閉很麻煩,使用上下文管理,簡化連接過程
#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __author__ = "TKQ"
import pymysql
import contextlib
#定義上下文管理器,連接後自動關閉連接
@contextlib.contextmanager
def mysql(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='tkq1',charset='utf8'):
conn = pymysql.connect(host=host, port=port, user=user, passwd=passwd, db=db, charset=charset)
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
try:
yield cursor
finally:
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()
# 執行sql
with mysql() as cursor:
print(cursor)
row_count = cursor.execute("select * from tb7")
row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
print row_count, row_1
總結
以上就是關於Python中pymysql模塊的全部內容,希望對大家學習或使用python能有一定的幫助,如果有疑問大家可以留言交流。
注: