在這裏我們簡單說明一下對於oracle的網絡配置基礎,
主要簡單介紹基本流程和兩個常用的文件listener.ora和tnsnames.ora
簡要說明:對於客戶端連接oracle服務器,
首先必須通過oracle服務的監聽程序找到對於的數據庫的路徑
然後創建數據庫服務器和客戶端之間的連接。整個過程對於監聽程序是沒有和數據庫進行直接連接的,
監聽程序主要是用給客戶端找到數據庫服務器並且創建連接。
通常,對於服務端,我們是需要配置監聽程序文件listener.ora,對於客戶端連接,我們需要配置tnsnames.ora
1 listener.ora文件的說明
監聽配置文件,在數據庫服務端,對於linux系統,該文件可以通過netca命令進行配置,
並且存放在$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin這個目錄下
下面給出一個文件的模板
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.11.128)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
說明:對於LISTENER 主要是配置監聽的ip地址和端口,一般通過netca配置以後就會
生成一個(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = hsj2)(PORT = 1521)),其中對於host
建議改成對應的ip地址
對於SID_LIST_LISTENER 是使用配置註冊文件的,一般oracle的service可以通過數據庫動態
註冊,但是這裏我們使用
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
這部分代碼進行靜態註冊。這樣註冊的話比較穩定,而且可以使用客戶端來啓動數據庫。
啓動數據庫以後使用命令也可以註冊: alter system register
對於這部分的常用的命令
lnsrctl start 啓動監聽
lnsrctl stop 停止監聽
lnsrctl status 查看狀態
alter system register 手動給監聽註冊service
=====================================================
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 03-NOV-2013 07:48:01
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.11.128)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 03-NOV-2013 07:35:39
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 12 min. 22 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.11.128)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl" has 2 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
============================================================
Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
這裏對於service orcl有兩個instance,其中一個是oracle自動註冊,但是status UNKNOWN這個是靜態註冊的
2 tnsnames.ora 本地命令文件
這個文件用戶客戶端找到數據庫服務器的監聽,並且告訴監聽需要訪問的service,所以對於這個文件有三個地方
的信息重要,一個是ip地址,一個是端口號:一般都是1521,還有一個就是SERVICE_NAME.
對於這個配置文件,我們可以使用netca命令的本地命名配置進行配置,也可以只用vi編輯器直接修改
==================================================
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.11.128)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)
3 如果我們的客戶端不能連接數據庫服務器,我們可以使用以下幾個步驟進行排除
a 在服務器端使用本地策略連接數據庫,查看數據庫是否正常開啓
sqlplus / as sysdba
b 查看監聽程序狀態是否正常,比如說沒有啓動監聽,在監聽信息中找不到對應的service和instance
lnsrctl status
如果沒有啓動 lnsrctl start
如果沒有註冊成功,
第一:靜態註冊,修改監聽文件listener.ora
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
第二:手動註冊命令 alter system register
c 檢查客戶端配置
tsnping orcl
sqlplus sys/root@orcl
sqlplus
sys/[email protected]:1521/orcl 這種方式可以連接說明tnsnames.ora配置有問題