瀏覽器兼容 3 CSS重設(reset)方法總結

瀏覽器兼容 3 CSS重設(reset)方法總結

在當今網頁設計/開發實踐中，使用CSS來爲語義化的(X)HTML標記添加樣式風格是重要的關鍵。在設計師們的夢想中都存在着這樣的一個完美世界:所有的瀏覽器都能夠理解和適用多有CSS規則，並且呈現相同的視覺效果(沒有兼容性問題)。但是，我們並沒有生活在這個完美的世界，現實中發生的失竊卻總是恰恰相反，很多CSS樣式在不同的瀏覽器中有着不同的解釋和呈現。

　　當今流行的瀏覽器(如:Firefox、Opera、Internet Explorer、Chrome、Safari等等)中，有一些都是以自己的方式去理解CSS規範，這就會導致有的瀏覽器對CSS的解釋與設計師的CSS定義初衷相沖突，使得網頁的樣子在某些瀏覽器下能正確按照設計師的想法顯示，但有些瀏覽器卻並沒有按照設計師想要的樣子顯示出來，這就導致瀏覽器的兼容性問題。更糟的是，有的瀏覽器完全無視CSS的一些聲明和屬性。

正因爲上述衝突和問題依然存在於這個”不完美的世界”，所以一些設計師想到了一種避免瀏覽器兼容性問題的方法，那就是CSS Reset，什麼是CSS Reset？我們可以把它叫做CSS重設，也有人叫做CSS復位、默認CSS、CSS重置等。CSS重設就是由於各種瀏覽器解釋CSS樣式的初始值有所不同，導致設計師在沒有定義某個CSS屬性時，不同的瀏覽器會按照自己的默認值來爲沒有定義的樣式賦值，所以我們要先定義好一些CSS樣式，來讓所有瀏覽器都按照同樣的規則解釋CSS，這樣就能避免發生這種問題。

一.最簡化的CSS Reset(重設) :

* {
      padding: 0;
      margin: 0;
}

　　這是最普遍最簡單的CSS重設，將所有元素的padding和margin值都設爲0，可以避免一些瀏覽器在理解這兩個屬性默認值上的”分歧”。

* {
       padding: 0;
       margin: 0;
       border: 0;
}

　　這是在上一個重設的基礎上添加了對border屬性的重設，初始值爲0的確能避免一些問題。

* {
       outline: 0;
       padding: 0;
       margin: 0;
       border: 0;
}

在前兩個的基礎上添加了outline屬性的重設，防止一些衝突。

二.濃縮實用型CSS Reset(重設):

* {
       vertical-align: baseline;
       font-weight: inherit; 
       font-family: inherit; 
       font-style: inherit;
       font-size: 100%;
       outline: 0;
       padding: 0;
       margin: 0;
       border: 0;
}

該CSS重設方法出自Perishable Press，這是他常用的方法。

三.Poor Man 的CSS Reset:

html, body { 
       padding: 0; 
       margin: 0; 
}
html {
       font-size:1em;
} 
body {
       font-size:100%;
} 
a img, :link img, :visited img {
       border:0px;
}

這個重設方法將html和body下元素的padding和margin都設爲0，並分別爲html標籤和body標籤下的所有元素設置了初始的字體大小，最重要的是把有鏈接的圖片的默認邊框去掉了。

四.Siolon’s Global Reset

* { 
    vertical-align: baseline;
    font-family: inherit;
    fo

nt-style: inherit;
    font-size: 100%;
    border: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0; 
}
body {
    padding: 5px;
} 
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, pre, blockquote, form, ul, ol, dl {
    margin: 20px 0;
}
li, dd, blockquote { 
    margin-left: 40px;
} 
table { 
    border-collapse: collapse; 
    border-spacing: 0; 
}

五.Shaun Inman’s Global Reset

body, div, dl, dt, dd, ul, ol, li, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, pre, form, fieldset, input, p, blockquote, table, th, td, embed, object {
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0; 
}
table {
    border-collapse: collapse;
    border-spacing: 0;
}
    fieldset, img, abbr {
    border: 0;
}
address, caption, cite, code, dfn, em, 
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, strong, th, var {
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal;
}
ul {
    list-style: none;
}
caption, th {
    text-align: left;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    font-size: 1.0em;
}
q:before, q:after {
    content: ”;
}
a, ins {
    text-decoration: none;
}

六.Yahoo(YUI) CSS Reset:

body,div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre, 
form,fieldset,input,textarea,p,blockquote,th,td { 
    padding: 0; 
    margin: 0; 
} 
table { 
    border-collapse: collapse; 
    border-spacing: 0; 
} 
fieldset,img { 
    border: 0; 
} 
address,caption,cite,code,dfn,em,strong,th,var { 
    font-weight: normal; 
    font-style: normal; 
} 
ol,ul { 
    list-style: none; 
} 
caption,th { 
    text-align: left; 
} 
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { 
    font-weight: normal; 
    font-size: 100%; 
} 
q:before,q:after { 
    content:”; 
} 
abbr,acronym { 
    border: 0; 
}

七.Eric Meyer’s CSS Reset

html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, table, caption, 
tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, 
kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, 
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, 
acronym, address, big, cite, code, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, 
fieldset, form, label, legend { 
    vertical-align: baseline; 
    font-family: inherit; 
    font-weight: inherit; 
    font-style: inherit; 
    font-size: 100%; 
    outline: 0; 
    padding: 0; 
    margin: 0; 
    border: 0; 
} 
:focus { 
    outline: 0; 
} 
body { 
    background: white; 
    line-height: 1; 
    color: black; 
} 
ol, ul { 
    list-style: none; 
} 
table { 
    border-collapse: separate; 
    border-spacing: 0; 
} 
caption, th, td { 
    font-weight: normal; 
    text-align: left; 
} 
blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { 
    content: “”; 
} 
blockquote, q { 
    quotes: “” “”; 
}

八.Condensed Meyer Reset:

body, div, dl, dt, dd, ul, ol, li, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, 
pre, form, fieldset, input, textarea, p, blockquote, th, td { 
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}
    fieldset, img { 
    border: 0;
}
table {
    border-collapse: collapse;
    border-spacing: 0;
}
ol, ul {
    list-style: none;
}
address, caption, cite, code, dfn, em, strong, th, var {
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal;
}
caption, th {
    text-align: left;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    font-weight: normal;
    font-size: 100%;
}
q:before, q:after {
    content: ”;
}
abbr, acronym { 
    border: 0;
}

九.Ateneu Popular CSS Reset

html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, 
h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, 
address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, 
kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, 
var, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend, 
table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { 
    margin: 0; 
    padding: 0; 
    border: 0; 
    outline: 0; 
    font-weight: inherit; 
    font-style: inherit; 
    font-size: 100%; 
    font-family: inherit; 
    vertical-align: baseline; 
} 
:focus {
    outline: 0;
} 
a, a:link, a:visited, a:hover, a:active{
    text-decoration:none
} 
table {
    border-collapse: separate;
    border-spacing: 0;
} 
th, td {
    text-align: left;
    font-weight: normal;
} 
img, iframe {
    border: none;
    text-decoration:none;
} 
ol, ul {
    list-style: none;
} 
input, textarea, select, button {
    font-size: 100%;
    font-family: inherit;
} 
select {
    margin: inherit;
} 
hr {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    border: 0;
    color: #000;
    background-color: #000;
    height: 1px
}

十.Chris Poteet’s Reset CSS

* { 
    vertical-align: baseline; 
    font-family: inherit; 
    font-style: inherit; 
    font-size: 100%; 
    border: none; 
    padding: 0; 
    margin: 0; 
} 
body { 
    padding: 5px; 
} 
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, pre, blockquote, form, ul, ol, dl { 
    margin: 20px 0; 
} 
li, dd, blockquote { 
    margin-left: 40px; 
} 
table { 
    border-collapse: collapse; 
    border-spacing: 0; 
}

十一.Tantek Celik Reset CSS

:link,:visited { text-decoration:none } 
ul,ol { list-style:none } 
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre,code { font-size:1em; } 
ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,body,html,p,blockquote,fieldset,input 
{ margin:0; padding:0 } 
a img,:link img,:visited img { border:none } 
address { font-style:normal }

十二.Christian Montoya Reset CSS

html, body, form, fieldset { 
    margin: 0; 
    padding: 0; 
    font: 100%/120% Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; 
} 
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, pre, 
blockquote, ul, ol, dl, address { 
    margin: 1em 0; 
    padding: 0; 
} 
li, dd, blockquote { 
    margin-left: 1em; 
} 
form label { 
    cursor: pointer; 
} 
fieldset { 
    border: none; 
} 
input, select, textarea { 
    font-size: 100%; 
    font-family: inherit; 
}

十三.Rudeworks Reset CSS

* { 
    margin: 0; 
    padding: 0; 
    border: none; 
} 
html { 
    font: 62.5% “Lucida Grande”, Lucida, Verdana, sans-serif; 
    text-shadow: #000 0px 0px 0px; 
} 
ul { 
    list-style: none; 
    list-style-type: none; 
} 
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, pre, 
blockquote, ul, ol, dl, address { 
    font-weight: normal; 
    margin: 0 0 1em 0; 
} 
cite, em, dfn { 
    font-style: italic; 
} 
sup { 
    position: relative; 
    bottom: 0.3em; 
    vertical-align: baseline; 
} 
sub { 
    position: relative; 
    bottom: -0.2em; 
    vertical-align: baseline; 
} 
li, dd, blockquote { 
    margin-left: 1em; 
} 
code, kbd, samp, pre, tt, var, input[type='text'], textarea { 
    font-size: 100%; 
    font-family: monaco, “Lucida Console”, courier, mono-space; 
} 
del { 
    text-decoration: line-through; 
} 
ins, dfn { 
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; 
} 
small, sup, sub { 
    font-size: 85%; 
} 
abbr, acronym { 
    text-transform: uppercase; 
    font-size: 85%; 
    letter-spacing: .1em; 
    border-bottom-style: dotted; 
    border-bottom-width: 1px; 
} 
a abbr, a acronym { 
    border: none; 
} 
sup { 
    vertical-align: super; 
} 
sub { 
    vertical-align: sub; 
} 
h1 { 
    font-size: 2em; 
} 
h2 { 
    font-size: 1.8em; 
} 
h3 { 
    font-size: 1.6em; 
} 
h4 { 
    font-size: 1.4em; 
} 
h5 { 
    font-size: 1.2em; 
} 
h6 { 
    font-size: 1em; 
} 
a, a:link, a:visited, a:hover, a:active { 
    outline: 0; 
    text-decoration: none; 
} 
a img { 
    border: none; 
    text-decoration: none; 
} 
img { 
    border: none; 
    text-decoration: none; 
} 
label, button { 
    cursor: pointer; 
} 
input:focus, select:focus, textarea:focus { 
    background-color: #FFF; 
} 
fieldset { 
    border: none; 
} 
.clear { 
    clear: both; 
} 
.float-left { 
    float: left; 
} 
.float-right { 
    float: right; 
} 
body { 
    text-align: center; 
} 
#wrapper { 
    margin: 0 auto; 
    text-align: left; 
}

十四. Anieto2K Reset CSS

html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, 
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, 
blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, 
cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, 
ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, 
strong, sub, sup, tt, var, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, 
fieldset, form, label, legend, 
table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td, 
center, u, b, i { 
    margin: 0; 
    padding: 0; 
    border: 0; 
    outline: 0; 
    font-weight: normal; 
    font-style: normal; 
    font-size: 100%; 
    font-family: inherit; 
    vertical-align: baseline 
} 
body { 
    line-height: 1 
} 
:focus { 
    outline: 0 
} 
ol, ul { 
    list-style: none 
} 
table { 
    border-collapse: collapse; 
    border-spacing: 0 
} 
blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { 
    content: “” 
} 
blockquote, q { 
    quotes: “” “” 
} 
input, textarea { 
    margin: 0; 
    padding: 0 
} 
hr { 
    margin: 0; 
    padding: 0; 
    border: 0; 
    color: #000; 
    background-color: #000; 
    height: 1px 
}

十五.CSSLab CSS Reset

html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, 
h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, 
big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, 
small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, 
fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, 
thead, tr, th, td { 
    margin: 0; 
    padding: 0; 
    border: 0; 
    outline: 0; 
    font-weight: inherit; 
    font-style: inherit; 
    font-size: 100%; 
    font-family: inherit; 
    vertical-align: baseline; 
} 
:focus { 
    outline: 0; 
} 
table { 
    border-collapse: separate; 
    border-spacing: 0; 
} 
caption, th, td { 
    text-align: left; 
    font-weight: normal; 
} 
a img, iframe { 
    border: none; 
} 
ol, ul { 
    list-style: none; 
} 
input, textarea, select, button { 
    font-size: 100%; 
    font-family: inherit; 
} 
select { 
    margin: inherit; 
} 
/* Fixes incorrect placement of numbers in ol’s in IE6/7 */ 
ol { margin-left:2em; } 
/* == clearfix == */ 
.clearfix:after { 
    content: “.”; 
    display: block; 
    height: 0; 
    clear: both; 
    visibility: hidden; 
} 
.clearfix {display: inline-block;} 
* html .clearfix {height: 1%;} 
.clearfix {display: block;}

　　好了，CSS重設目前先總結到這裏，這15套重設方法其實都是有共同點的，也許有的實現方法不同，但大部分都是同一個目的，就是爲了讓更多的瀏覽器能顯示同樣的效果。有了這些CSS重設作爲資料和參考，也許會對你的工作有所幫助甚至提高效率，但是，畢竟這些重設都是別人寫的，你完全也可以爲自己量身定製一套CSS重設。

HTML5 css reset

/*******************************************************************
html5doctor.com Reset Stylesheet
v1.4.1 
2010-03-01
Author: Richard Clark - http://richclarkdesign.com
********************************************************************/

html, body, div, span, object, iframe,
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre,
abbr, address, cite, code,
del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, samp,
small, strong, sub, sup, var,
b, i,
dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
fieldset, form, label, legend,
table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td,
article, aside, canvas, details, figcaption, figure, 
footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section, summary,
time, mark, audio, video {
    margin:0;
    padding:0;
    border:0;
    outline:0;
    font-size:100%;
    vertical-align:baseline;
    background:transparent;
}

body {
    line-height:1;
}

:focus {
	outline: 1;
}

article,aside,canvas,details,figcaption,figure,
footer,header,hgroup,menu,nav,section,summary { 
    display:block;
}

nav ul {
    list-style:none;
}

blockquote, q {
    quotes:none;
}

blockquote:before, blockquote:after,
q:before, q:after {
    content:'';
    content:none;
}

a {
    margin:0;
    padding:0;
    border:0;
    font-size:100%;
    vertical-align:baseline;
    background:transparent;
}

ins {
    background-color:#ff9;
    color:#000;
    text-decoration:none;
}

mark {
    background-color:#ff9;
    color:#000; 
    font-style:italic;
    font-weight:bold;
}

del {
    text-decoration: line-through;
}

abbr[title], dfn[title] {
    border-bottom:1px dotted #000;
    cursor:help;
}

table {
    border-collapse:collapse;
    border-spacing:0;
}

hr {
    display:block;
    height:1px;
    border:0;   
    border-top:1px solid #cccccc;
    margin:1em 0;
    padding:0;
}

input, select {
    vertical-align:middle;
}

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