从相册选择图片上传，框架使用的是Rx + Retrofit + OKHttp。因为此版本使用了MVVM架构，targetSdkVersion升到了29。在上传图片出现了报错
java.io.FileNotFoundException: /storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Camera/IMG20200608195140.jpg: open failed: EACCES (Permission denied)
原因是在android10开始，Google修改了文件相关权限，对于写入和读取文件，都有了新的一套机制，介绍内容网上很多，各大厂商也有介绍，在此不做赘述。
此解决方法适用于能获取到文件的Uri，比如打开相册选择图片，那么它的onActivityResult中的Intent data就有选择的图片的Uri。
打开图库的方法不变：
/**
* 选择照片
*/
public static void pickPhoto(Activity activity) {
Intent intent;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
intent = new Intent(
Intent.ACTION_PICK,
MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI);
} else {
intent = new Intent(
Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
intent.setType("image/*");
}
activity.startActivityForResult(intent, 2001);
}
和onActivityResult回调：
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (data == null) {
return;
}
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
switch (requestCode) {
case 2001:
Uri originalUri = data.getData();
String path = UriUtil.getPath(this, originalUri);
if (path != null && new File(path).exists()) {
File mFile = new File(path);
viewModel.updateImg(mFile);
}
break;
}
}
}
先附上Android10之前我的图片上传
//从上文中获取了文件
public static List<MultipartBody.Part> getFileBody(File file) {
MultipartBody.Builder builder = new MultipartBody.Builder()
.setType(MultipartBody.FORM);//表单类型
RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), file);//表单类型
builder.addFormDataPart("file", file.getName(), body);
return builder.build().parts();
}
//Retrofit Api 接口
/**
* 文件上传
*/
@Multipart
@POST("xxxx")
Observable<ObjResponse<ShowImageTypeData>> updateFile(@Part List<MultipartBody.Part> partLis);
//调用接口
public Observable<ShowImageTypeData> updateImg(File file) {
return api.updateFile(getFileBody(file))
.compose(new ObjTransform<>(null));
}
大同小异，主要就是获取文件File类型实例，然后构建RequestBody，使用Retrofit上传
Android Q不行了，会报错，那么主要就是使用到file的地方要修改，先看看RequestBody.create还能带什么参数：
public abstract class RequestBody {
/** Returns the Content-Type header for this body. */
public abstract MediaType contentType();
/**
* Returns the number of bytes that will be written to {@code out} in a call to {@link #writeTo},
* or -1 if that count is unknown.
*/
public long contentLength() throws IOException {
return -1;
}
/** Writes the content of this request to {@code out}. */
public abstract void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException;
/**
* Returns a new request body that transmits {@code content}. If {@code contentType} is non-null
* and lacks a charset, this will use UTF-8.
*/
public static RequestBody create(MediaType contentType, String content) {
Charset charset = Util.UTF_8;
if (contentType != null) {
charset = contentType.charset();
if (charset == null) {
charset = Util.UTF_8;
contentType = MediaType.parse(contentType + "; charset=utf-8");
}
}
byte[] bytes = content.getBytes(charset);
return create(contentType, bytes);
}
/** Returns a new request body that transmits {@code content}. */
public static RequestBody create(final MediaType contentType, final ByteString content) {
return new RequestBody() {
@Override public MediaType contentType() {
return contentType;
}
@Override public long contentLength() throws IOException {
return content.size();
}
@Override public void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException {
sink.write(content);
}
};
}
/** Returns a new request body that transmits {@code content}. */
public static RequestBody create(final MediaType contentType, final byte[] content) {
return create(contentType, content, 0, content.length);
}
/** Returns a new request body that transmits {@code content}. */
public static RequestBody create(final MediaType contentType, final byte[] content,
final int offset, final int byteCount) {
if (content == null) throw new NullPointerException("content == null");
Util.checkOffsetAndCount(content.length, offset, byteCount);
return new RequestBody() {
@Override public MediaType contentType() {
return contentType;
}
@Override public long contentLength() {
return byteCount;
}
@Override public void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException {
sink.write(content, offset, byteCount);
}
};
}
/** Returns a new request body that transmits the content of {@code file}. */
public static RequestBody create(final MediaType contentType, final File file) {
if (file == null) throw new NullPointerException("content == null");
return new RequestBody() {
@Override public MediaType contentType() {
return contentType;
}
@Override public long contentLength() {
return file.length();
}
@Override public void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException {
Source source = null;
try {
source = Okio.source(file);
sink.writeAll(source);
} finally {
Util.closeQuietly(source);
}
}
};
}
}
从上文可以看出除了一个file。其他大部分都是使用RequestBody create(final MediaType contentType, final byte[] content, final int offset, final int byteCount) 那么我们也尝试使用byte[]作为上传参数，现在就需要把文件转为byte[]。
直接上代码，从onActivityResult开始：
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (data == null) {
return;
}
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
switch (requestCode) {
case 2001:
Uri originalUri = data.getData();
try {
ParcelFileDescriptor parcelFileDescriptor = getContentResolver().openFileDescriptor(originalUri, "r");
FileDescriptor fileDescriptor = parcelFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor();
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(fileDescriptor);
ByteArrayOutputStream swapStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buff = new byte[1024*4]; //buff用于存放循环读取的临时数据
int rc = 0;
while ((rc = fis.read(buff, 0, 100)) > 0) {
swapStream.write(buff, 0, rc);
}
byte[] in_b = swapStream.toByteArray(); //in_b为转换之后的结果
viewModel.updateImg(in_b);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
break;
}
}
}
因为我分了好几个文件，包括这些代码也只是暂时写在onActivityResult里，你们只需要看，获取到关键数据后怎么做，然后自己组装一下，应该容易的。在获取到byte[]后，使用byte[]构建RequestBody：
{
底下那个“androidImg”是错的，这个是设置文件名称，假如说你填写了这个的话，那么就无法识别文件类型，后台存储的是一个无类型的文件，你再下载的话无法打开，只用图片上传以及使用Glide框架显示的，没这个问题，给Glide点个赞！
public static List<MultipartBody.Part> getFileBody(byte[] file) {
MultipartBody.Builder builder = new MultipartBody.Builder()
.setType(MultipartBody.FORM);//表单类型
RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), file);//表单类型
builder.addFormDataPart("file", "androidImg", body);
return builder.build().parts();
}
}
重新把构建List<MultipartBody.Part>方法改一下，增加一个文件名，这个文件名称只需要最后有个后缀就行了，前面带文件路径也没关系，这是PostMan调用文件上传接口时的数据：
POST /api/file-application/upload HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.16.36:8079
Authorization: Bearer xxxx
cache-control: no-cache
Postman-Token: 2ff47803-aadb-4aeb-90d4-cfe342cbf78e
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="C:\Users\xx\Desktop\QQ截图20190301164159.png
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--
说明一下，这个filename="xxx" 这个xxx就是刚刚填写的androidImg
那么文件名获取，也是使用Uri获取文件名：
/**
* 获取对应uri的path
*
* @param context
* @param uri
* @return
*/
@SuppressLint("NewApi")
public static String getPath(final Context context, final Uri uri) {
final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19;
// DocumentProvider
if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
// ExternalStorageProvider
if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
final String[] split = docId.split(":");
final String type = split[0];
if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
}
// handle non-primary volumes
}
// DownloadsProvider
else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {
final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(
Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.parseLong(id));
return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
}
// MediaProvider
else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
final String[] split = docId.split(":");
final String type = split[0];
Uri contentUri = null;
if ("image".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
} else if ("video".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
} else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
}
final String selection = "_id=?";
final String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{
split[1]
};
return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
}
}
// MediaStore (and general)
else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
// Return the remote address
if (isGooglePhotosUri(uri))
return uri.getLastPathSegment();
return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);
}
// File
else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
return uri.getPath();
}
return null;
}
那么再来构建List<MultipartBody.Part>：
public static List<MultipartBody.Part> getFileBody(byte[] file, String fileName) {
MultipartBody.Builder builder = new MultipartBody.Builder()
.setType(MultipartBody.FORM);//表单类型
RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), file);//表单类型
builder.addFormDataPart("file", fileName, body);
return builder.build().parts();
}
把上面获取到的文件路径传入这个方法中，之后使用Retrofit上没有差别因为接口传入参数类型没变
api.updateFile(AppUtils.getFileBody(file, fileName))
.compose(new ObjTransform<>(null));
附上失败和成功的log：
使用file传文件
--> POST http://192.168.16.36:8079/xxxxx http/1.1
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=36717d28-648b-44b2-a904-07b23fa5fdb8
Content-Length: 115873
Cache-Control: no-cache
Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9xxxxxx
Host: 192.168.16.36:8079
Connection: Keep-Alive
Accept-Encoding: gzip
User-Agent: okhttp/3.6.0
--> END POST
<-- HTTP FAILED: java.io.FileNotFoundException: /storage/emulated/0/tieba/FCF10754FF8F4014D623FF8F8B937C1D.jpg: open failed: EACCES (Permission denied)
使用byte[]传文件：
--> POST http://192.168.16.36:8079/xxxxx http/1.1
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=36717d28-648b-44b2-a904-07b23fa5fdb8
Content-Length: 115873
Cache-Control: no-cache
Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9xxxxxx
Host: 192.168.16.36:8079
Connection: Keep-Alive
Accept-Encoding: gzip
User-Agent: okhttp/3.6.0
--> END POST
<-- 200 http://192.168.16.36:8079/xxxxx (213ms)
Server: nginx/1.11.6
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2020 03:38:10 GMT
Content-Type: application/json
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
<-- END HTTP
{"code":1,"subCode":null,"message":"成功","data":xxxxx}
数据返回正常
之后应该会再写一个使用相册拍照的功能。