nim 生成动态库(dll)

nim 编写dll
nim 的dll，手册中说先编译生成 nimrtl.dll 然后其他的dll依赖此dll产生一个新的dll，我们先抛开这个支持GC的选项，生成一个简单的dll
命令行：nim c --cpu:i386 --app:lib mydll
--cpu 指定cpu架构，实验可以是i386和ia64,但是不是intel 架构，是amd64
--app:lib 生成动态库
需要配置自己的config文件

在mydll.nim 的所在目录下创建一个mydll.nim.cfg ,编译器就会使用这个cfg文件编译；可以从nim安装目录的config目录下拿过来nim.cfg改改，改成如下

# Configuration file for the Nim Compiler.
# (c) 2015 Andreas Rumpf

# Feel free to edit the default values as you need.

# You may set environment variables with
# @putenv "key" "val"
# Environment variables can be accessed like so:
#  gcc.path %= "$CC_PATH"

cc = gcc

# additional options always passed to the compiler:
--parallel_build: "0" # 0 to auto-detect number of processors

hint[LineTooLong]=off
#hint[XDeclaredButNotUsed]=off

# example of how to setup a cross-compiler:
arm.linux.gcc.exe = "arm-linux-gcc"
arm.linux.gcc.linkerexe = "arm-linux-gcc"

mips.linux.gcc.exe = "mips-openwrt-linux-gcc"
mips.linux.gcc.linkerexe = "mips-openwrt-linux-gcc"

@if not nimfix:
  cs:partial
@end

path="$lib/core"

path="$lib/pure"
path="$lib/pure/collections"
path="$lib/pure/concurrency"
path="$lib/impure"
path="$lib/wrappers"
# path="$lib/wrappers/cairo"
# path="$lib/wrappers/gtk"
# path="$lib/wrappers/lua"
# path="$lib/wrappers/opengl"
path="$lib/wrappers/pcre"
path="$lib/wrappers/readline"
path="$lib/wrappers/sdl"
# path="$lib/wrappers/x11"
path="$lib/wrappers/zip"
path="$lib/wrappers/libffi"
path="$lib/windows"
path="$lib/posix"
path="$lib/js"
path="$lib/pure/unidecode"

@if nimbabel:
  babelpath="$home/.babel/pkgs/"
  nimblepath="$home/.nimble/pkgs/"
@end

@if release or quick:
  obj_checks:off
  field_checks:off
  range_checks:off
  bound_checks:off
  overflow_checks:off
  assertions:off
  stacktrace:off
  linetrace:off
  debugger:off
  line_dir:off
  dead_code_elim:on
@end

@if release:
  opt:speed
@end

@if unix:
  @if not bsd:
    # -fopenmp
    gcc.options.linker = "-ldl"
    gcc.cpp.options.linker = "-ldl"
    clang.options.linker = "-ldl"
    tcc.options.linker = "-ldl"
  @end
  @if bsd or haiku:
    # BSD got posix_spawn only recently, so we deactivate it for osproc:
    define:useFork
    # at least NetBSD has problems with thread local storage:
    tlsEmulation:on
  @end
@end

# Configuration for the Intel C/C++ compiler:
@if windows:
  icl.options.speed = "/Ox /arch:SSE2"
  icl.options.always = "/nologo"
@end

# Configuration for the GNU C/C++ compiler:
@if windows:
  #gcc.path = r"$nimrod\dist\mingw\bin"
  @if gcc:
    tlsEmulation:on
  @end
@end
@if windows:
  cc = vcc
  #gcc.path = r"$nimrod\dist\mingw\bin"
  tlsEmulation:on  
@end
@if macosx or freebsd:
  cc = clang
  tlsEmulation:on
  gcc.options.always = "-w"
  gcc.cpp.options.always = "-w -fpermissive"
@else:
  gcc.options.always = "-w"
  gcc.cpp.options.always = "-w -fpermissive"
@end

# Configuration for Objective-C compiler:
#
# Options for GNUStep. GNUStep configuration varies wildly, so you'll probably
# have to add additional compiler and linker flags on a per-project basis.
gcc.objc.options.linker = "-lobjc -lgnustep-base"
llvm_gcc.objc.options.linker = "-lobjc -lgnustep-base"
clang.objc.options.linker = "-lobjc -lgnustep-base"

# Options for Mac OS X. Mac OS X uses its own Objective-C stack that is
# totally different from GNUStep.
@if macosx:
  gcc.objc.options.linker = "-framework Foundation"
  llvm_gcc.objc.options.linker = "-framework Foundation"
  clang.objc.options.linker = "-framework Foundation"
@end

# Configuration for the VxWorks
# This has been tested with VxWorks 6.9 only
@if vxworks:
  # For now we only support compiling RTPs applications (i.e. no DKMs)
  gcc.options.always = "-mrtp -fno-strict-aliasing -D_C99 -D_HAS_C9X -std=c99 -fasm -Wall -Wno-write-strings"
  # The linker config must add the VxWorks common library for the selected
  # processor which is usually found in:
  # "$WIND_BASE/target/lib/usr/lib/PROCESSOR_FAMILY/PROCESSOR_TYPE/common",
  # where PROCESSOR_FAMILY and PROCESSOR_TYPE are those supported by the VxWorks
  # compiler (e.g. ppc/PPC32 or mips/MIPSI64, etc)
  # For now we only support the PowerPC CPU
  gcc.options.linker %= "-L $WIND_BASE/target/lib/usr/lib/ppc/PPC32/common -mrtp -fno-strict-aliasing -D_C99 -D_HAS_C9X -std=c99 -fasm -Wall -Wno-write-strings"
@end

gcc.options.speed = "-O3 -fno-strict-aliasing"
gcc.options.size = "-Os"
gcc.options.debug = "-g3 -O0"

gcc.cpp.options.speed = "-O3 -fno-strict-aliasing"
gcc.cpp.options.size = "-Os"
gcc.cpp.options.debug = "-g3 -O0"
#passl = "-pg"

# Configuration for the LLVM GCC compiler:
llvm_gcc.options.debug = "-g"
llvm_gcc.options.always = "-w"
llvm_gcc.options.speed = "-O2"
llvm_gcc.options.size = "-Os"

# Configuration for the LLVM CLang compiler:
clang.options.debug = "-g"
clang.options.always = "-w"
clang.options.speed = "-O3"
clang.options.size = "-Os"

# Configuration for the Visual C/C++ compiler:
vcc.options.linker = "/DEBUG /Zi /Fd\"$projectName.pdb\" \"mydll.def\" "
vcc.options.debug = "/Zi /Fd\"$projectName.pdb\""
vcc.options.always = "/nologo "
vcc.options.speed = "/O2 /arch:SSE2"
vcc.options.size = "/O1"

# Configuration for the Digital Mars C/C++ compiler:
@if windows:
  dmc.path = r"$nimrod\dist\dm\bin"
@end

# Configuration for the Tiny C Compiler:
tcc.options.always = "-w"

其中在windows下


@if windows:
  cc = vcc
  #gcc.path = r"$nimrod\dist\mingw\bin"
  tlsEmulation:on  
@end


指定编译器是vc，需要将vc的目录（我使用vs2008）放到环境变量中，并且生成 "INCLUDE" 和 "LIB" (环境变量名没有双引号)，把自己的INCLUDE 目录（VS的目录和SDK目录的头文件）LIB目录（VS的目录和SDK目录的库文件）写入到INCLUDE和LIB环境变量中


编译后生成的符号为 _test@8 这个是C编译器生成的导出符号，我们想要一个test,则类似vs放一个.def ，vcc.options.linker = "/DEBUG /Zi /Fd\"$projectName.pdb\" \"mydll.def\" " 
这样cl.exe 就把这个选项 mydll.def 生成　/DEF:mydll.def 传递给link.exe 去链接


以下是代码：mydll.nim

proc test(name:cstring,age:int32):bool {.stdcall,exportc,dynlib.} =
    if age>18 :
        echo "name=",name," ","age=",age,">18"
        true 
    else:
        echo "name=",name," ","age=",age,"<18"
        false

测试代码如下：test_mydll.nim

proc test(name:cstring,age:int32):bool {.stdcall,importc:"test",dynlib:"mydll.dll".}


echo test("bkdrong",17)
echo test("bill",40)

通过上面的例子，我们可以使用nim 很容易生成dll。

nim 支持的CPU

    (name: "i386", intSize: 32, endian: littleEndian, floatSize: 64, bit: 32),
    (name: "m68k", intSize: 32, endian: bigEndian, floatSize: 64, bit: 32),
    (name: "alpha", intSize: 64, endian: littleEndian, floatSize: 64, bit: 64),
    (name: "powerpc", intSize: 32, endian: bigEndian, floatSize: 64, bit: 32),
    (name: "powerpc64", intSize: 64, endian: bigEndian, floatSize: 64,bit: 64),
    (name: "sparc", intSize: 32, endian: bigEndian, floatSize: 64, bit: 32),
    (name: "vm", intSize: 32, endian: littleEndian, floatSize: 64, bit: 32),
    (name: "ia64", intSize: 64, endian: littleEndian, floatSize: 64, bit: 64),
    (name: "amd64", intSize: 64, endian: littleEndian, floatSize: 64, bit: 64),
    (name: "mips", intSize: 32, endian: bigEndian, floatSize: 64, bit: 32),
    (name: "arm", intSize: 32, endian: littleEndian, floatSize: 64, bit: 32),
    (name: "js", intSize: 32, endian: bigEndian,floatSize: 64,bit: 32),
    (name: "nimrodvm", intSize: 32, endian: bigEndian, floatSize: 64, bit: 32),
    (name: "avr", intSize: 16, endian: littleEndian, floatSize: 32, bit: 16)]

支持的操作系统：

  OS*: array[succ(low(TSystemOS))..high(TSystemOS), TInfoOS] = [
     (name: "DOS",
      parDir: "..", dllFrmt: "$1.dll", altDirSep: "/", objExt: ".obj",
      newLine: "\x0D\x0A", pathSep: ";", dirSep: "\\", scriptExt: ".bat",
      curDir: ".", exeExt: ".exe", extSep: ".", props: {ospCaseInsensitive}),
     (name: "Windows", parDir: "..", dllFrmt: "$1.dll", altDirSep: "/",
      objExt: ".obj", newLine: "\x0D\x0A", pathSep: ";", dirSep: "\\",
      scriptExt: ".bat", curDir: ".", exeExt: ".exe", extSep: ".",
      props: {ospCaseInsensitive}),
     (name: "OS2", parDir: "..",
      dllFrmt: "$1.dll", altDirSep: "/",
      objExt: ".obj", newLine: "\x0D\x0A",
      pathSep: ";", dirSep: "\\",
      scriptExt: ".bat", curDir: ".",
      exeExt: ".exe", extSep: ".",
      props: {ospCaseInsensitive}),
     (name: "Linux", parDir: "..", dllFrmt: "lib$1.so", altDirSep: "/",
      objExt: ".o", newLine: "\x0A", pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/",
      scriptExt: ".sh", curDir: ".", exeExt: "", extSep: ".",
      props: {ospNeedsPIC, ospPosix}),
     (name: "MorphOS", parDir: "..",
      dllFrmt: "lib$1.so", altDirSep: "/",
      objExt: ".o", newLine: "\x0A",
      pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/",
      scriptExt: ".sh", curDir: ".",
      exeExt: "", extSep: ".",
      props: {ospNeedsPIC, ospPosix}),
     (name: "SkyOS", parDir: "..", dllFrmt: "lib$1.so", altDirSep: "/",
      objExt: ".o", newLine: "\x0A", pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/",
      scriptExt: ".sh", curDir: ".", exeExt: "", extSep: ".",
      props: {ospNeedsPIC, ospPosix}),
     (name: "Solaris", parDir: "..",
      dllFrmt: "lib$1.so", altDirSep: "/",
      objExt: ".o", newLine: "\x0A",
      pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/",
      scriptExt: ".sh", curDir: ".",
      exeExt: "", extSep: ".",
      props: {ospNeedsPIC, ospPosix}),
     (name: "Irix", parDir: "..", dllFrmt: "lib$1.so", altDirSep: "/",
      objExt: ".o", newLine: "\x0A", pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/",
      scriptExt: ".sh", curDir: ".", exeExt: "", extSep: ".",
      props: {ospNeedsPIC, ospPosix}),
     (name: "NetBSD", parDir: "..",
      dllFrmt: "lib$1.so", altDirSep: "/",
      objExt: ".o", newLine: "\x0A",
      pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/",
      scriptExt: ".sh", curDir: ".",
      exeExt: "", extSep: ".",
      props: {ospNeedsPIC, ospPosix}),
     (name: "FreeBSD", parDir: "..", dllFrmt: "lib$1.so", altDirSep: "/",
      objExt: ".o", newLine: "\x0A", pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/",
      scriptExt: ".sh", curDir: ".", exeExt: "", extSep: ".",
      props: {ospNeedsPIC, ospPosix}),
     (name: "OpenBSD", parDir: "..",
      dllFrmt: "lib$1.so", altDirSep: "/",
      objExt: ".o", newLine: "\x0A",
      pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/",
      scriptExt: ".sh", curDir: ".",
      exeExt: "", extSep: ".",
      props: {ospNeedsPIC, ospPosix}),
     (name: "AIX", parDir: "..", dllFrmt: "lib$1.so", altDirSep: "/",
      objExt: ".o", newLine: "\x0A", pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/",
      scriptExt: ".sh", curDir: ".", exeExt: "", extSep: ".",
      props: {ospNeedsPIC, ospPosix}),
     (name: "PalmOS", parDir: "..",
      dllFrmt: "lib$1.so", altDirSep: "/",
      objExt: ".o", newLine: "\x0A",
      pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/",
      scriptExt: ".sh", curDir: ".",
      exeExt: "", extSep: ".",
      props: {ospNeedsPIC}),
     (name: "QNX",
      parDir: "..", dllFrmt: "lib$1.so", altDirSep: "/", objExt: ".o",
      newLine: "\x0A", pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/", scriptExt: ".sh", curDir: ".",
      exeExt: "", extSep: ".", props: {ospNeedsPIC, ospPosix}),
     (name: "Amiga",
      parDir: "..", dllFrmt: "$1.library", altDirSep: "/", objExt: ".o",
      newLine: "\x0A", pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/", scriptExt: ".sh", curDir: ".",
      exeExt: "", extSep: ".", props: {ospNeedsPIC}),
     (name: "Atari",
      parDir: "..", dllFrmt: "$1.dll", altDirSep: "/", objExt: ".o",
      newLine: "\x0A", pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/", scriptExt: "", curDir: ".",
      exeExt: ".tpp", extSep: ".", props: {ospNeedsPIC}),
     (name: "Netware",
      parDir: "..", dllFrmt: "$1.nlm", altDirSep: "/", objExt: "",
      newLine: "\x0D\x0A", pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/", scriptExt: ".sh",
      curDir: ".", exeExt: ".nlm", extSep: ".", props: {ospCaseInsensitive}),
     (name: "MacOS", parDir: "::", dllFrmt: "$1Lib", altDirSep: ":",
      objExt: ".o", newLine: "\x0D", pathSep: ",", dirSep: ":", scriptExt: "",
      curDir: ":", exeExt: "", extSep: ".", props: {ospCaseInsensitive}),
     (name: "MacOSX", parDir: "..", dllFrmt: "lib$1.dylib", altDirSep: ":",
      objExt: ".o", newLine: "\x0A", pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/",
      scriptExt: ".sh", curDir: ".", exeExt: "", extSep: ".",
      props: {ospNeedsPIC, ospPosix, ospLacksThreadVars}),
     (name: "Haiku", parDir: "..", dllFrmt: "lib$1.so", altDirSep: ":",
      objExt: ".o", newLine: "\x0A", pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/",
      scriptExt: ".sh", curDir: ".", exeExt: "", extSep: ".",
      props: {ospNeedsPIC, ospPosix, ospLacksThreadVars}),
     (name: "VxWorks", parDir: "..", dllFrmt: "lib$1.so", altDirSep: "/",
      objExt: ".o", newLine: "\x0A", pathSep: ";", dirSep: "\\",
      scriptExt: ".sh", curDir: ".", exeExt: ".vxe", extSep: ".",
      props: {ospNeedsPIC, ospPosix, ospLacksThreadVars}),
     (name: "JS", parDir: "..",
      dllFrmt: "lib$1.so", altDirSep: "/",
      objExt: ".o", newLine: "\x0A",
      pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/",
      scriptExt: ".sh", curDir: ".",
      exeExt: "", extSep: ".", props: {}),
     (name: "NimrodVM", parDir: "..", dllFrmt: "lib$1.so", altDirSep: "/",
      objExt: ".o", newLine: "\x0A", pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/",
      scriptExt: ".sh", curDir: ".", exeExt: "", extSep: ".", props: {}),
     (name: "Standalone", parDir: "..", dllFrmt: "lib$1.so", altDirSep: "/",
      objExt: ".o", newLine: "\x0A", pathSep: ":", dirSep: "/",
      scriptExt: ".sh", curDir: ".", exeExt: "", extSep: ".",
      props: {})]