spring boot/cloud in action

spring boot介紹
maven依賴

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.ljb</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<project.reporting.outoutEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outoutEncoding>
	</properties>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>1.3.7.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>

	<!-- using spring boot without parent pom -->
	<!-- 
	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>2.1.12.RELEASE</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>
	 -->
	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>Brixton.SR5</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- package as an executable jar -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<!-- for upgrade -->
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>


</project>

啓動類

@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(HelloApplication.class, args);
    }

}

示例代碼

@RestController
public class HelloController {

  @RequestMapping("/helloworld")
  public String index() {
    return "Hello World!";
  }
}

application.yaml配置文件

server:
  port: ${random.int[10000,19999]} #使用隨機數

測試代碼

import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
//省略一部分import

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)//引入Spring對JUnit4的支持
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = HelloApplication.class)//指定SpringBoot的啓動類
@WebAppConfiguration //開啓Web應用的配置，用於模擬ServletContext。
public class TestHelloController {

  private MockMvc mvc;//用於模擬調用Controller的接口發起請求

  @Test
  public void hello() throws Exception {
    mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/helloworld").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
        .andExpect(status().isOk())
        .andExpect(content().string(equalTo("Hello World test auto restartddfddf!")));
  }

}

actuator提供的一些接口
actuator是環境變量，垃圾收集信息，內存信息，線程池信息等收集的一個標準化實現框架，添加maven依賴即可，開箱即用。

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
		</dependency>

@Value的使用
說明：@Value是spring 本身提供的功能

application.yaml文件中添加

book:
  name: spring cloud
  author: ljb

添加對應的實體類

@Component
public class BookEntity {
  

  @Value("${book.name}")
  private String name;
  @Value("${book.author}")
  private String author;
  
  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public String getAuthor() {
    return author;
  }
  public void setAuthor(String author) {
    this.author = author;
  }
}

控制層進行依賴注入

@RestController
public class HelloController {

  @Autowired
  private BookEntity bookEntity;
  
  @RequestMapping("/book")
  public BookEntity bookMsg() {
    return bookEntity;
  }
}

在spring boot中，多環境配置的文件名需滿足application-{profile}.yaml的格式，其中{profile}對應你的環境標識，包含如下三種：

application-dev.yaml 開發環境
application-test.yaml 測試環境
application-prod.yaml 生產環境

若在application.yaml中配置spring.profiles.active=test就會加載application-test.yaml的配置文件

自動重啓
在激活了開發着工具後，Classpath裏對任何文件做任何修改都會出發應用程序重啓。爲了讓重啓速度夠快，不會修改的類（比如第三方JAR文件裏的類）都加載到了基礎類加載器裏，而應用程序的代碼則會加載到一個單獨的重啓類加載器裏。檢測到變更時，只有重啓類加載器重啓。有些Classpath裏的資源變更後不需要重啓應用程序，像Thymeleaf這樣的試圖模板可以直接編輯，不用重啓應用程序。在static或public裏的靜態資源也不用重啓應用程序，所以spring boot開發着工具會在重啓時排除掉如下目錄：/META-INFO/resources、/resources、/resources、/static、/public和/templates。
可以設置spring-devtools.restart.exclude屬性來覆蓋默認的重啓排除目錄。

開啓自動重啓

<dependency>   
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   
	<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> 
</dependency>

命令模式
將來自客戶端的請求封裝給成一個對象，從而讓你可以使用不同的請求對客戶端進行參數化。它可以被用於實現“行爲請求者”與“行爲實現着”的解耦，以便使兩者可以適應變化。

Eureka
使用eureka進行服務註冊發現

@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaServerApplication {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new SpringApplicationBuilder(EurekaServerApplication.class).web(true).run(args);
  }

}

Eureka配置文件

server:
  port: 1111
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false #不向註冊中心註冊自己
    fetch-registry: false  #不去拉去服務
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

使用ribbon負載調用

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>

clinet端調用代碼

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ClientApplication {

  @Bean
  @LoadBalanced
  RestTemplate restTemplate() {
    return new RestTemplate();
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(ClientApplication.class, args);
  }

}

@RestController
public class ClinetController {

  @Autowired
  private RestTemplate restTemplate;

  @RequestMapping(value = "/ribbon-consumer", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  public int printInstanceId() {
    return restTemplate.getForEntity("http://SERVER/server", Integer.class).getBody();
  }
}

client配置文件

spring:
  application:
    name: CLIENT
server:
  port: 8085
eureka:  
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:1111/eureka/

服務端代碼

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ServertApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServertApplication.class, args);
    }
}

@RestController
public class ServerController {

  @Autowired
  private DiscoveryClient client;
  
  @RequestMapping(value = "/server", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  public int printInstanceId() {
    ServiceInstance service = client.getLocalServiceInstance();
    return service.getPort();
  }
}

服務端配置文件

spring:
  application:
    name: SERVER
server:
  port: 8092
eureka:  
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:1111/eureka/
    healthcheck:
      enabled: true

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